Tools, Metrics and Indicators Comparative Analysis of Environmental Impacts utilizing SimaPro and SiteWise LCA of four site remediation scenarios

Transcription

1 The 3 International conference on Sustainable Remediation Tools, Metrics and Indicators Comparative Analysis of Environmental Impacts utilizing SimaPro and SiteWise LCA of four site remediation scenarios Alessandro Battaglia (ERM Italia - Italy) Giorgio Bianchi (Syndial - Italy) Fabio Iraldo (Università Bocconi - Italy)

2 Outline of Presentation Study Area and four remediation scenarios Analysis of the four remediation scenarios Comparison of environmental impacts associated to the four remediation scenarios In-depth analysis of the remediation life cycle for each identified scenario Comparison between SimaPro and SiteWise results 2

3 Site overview (1) (2) (1) (2) (3) (3) 3

4 Site overview Risk Assessment Analysis Only superficial soils (0-1m) has values exceeding the remediation objectives (threshold limit CSR - D.Lgs. 152/06) Area: ~ 13,000 m 2 Volume: ~ 12,000 m 3 Contaminants : Hg, As and PCDD/PCDF Ground water level: ~ 3m bgl 4

5 Feasibility Study Scenario 1 excavation and disposal of contaminated soil off site, with filling of the excavation areas and surface restoration to the initial conditions for all the contaminated areas Scenario 2 installation of a capping for all contaminated areas Scenario 3 in situ stabilization / solidification, for all areas Scenario 4 approach based on multiple technologies: v Excavation and disposal off site (soil contaminated by PCDD / PCDF); v Phytoremediation (soil area contaminated by As); v Stabilization in situ (soil contaminated by Hg). 5

6 LCA tools: SimaPro and SiteWise PRé It is a LCA software to model and analyze complex life cycles in a systematic and transparent way, measure the environmental impact of products and services across all life cycle stages and identify hotspots in all aspects of the supply chain. It is fully integrated with the Ecoinvent database The SiteWise tool was developed jointly by the Navy, Army Corps of Engineers, and Battelle It is an Excel-based, lifecycle tool that allows to select a remediation strategy that considers sustainability in addition to effectiveness, cost, and ease of implementation. 6

7 Impact Categories To allow a comparison of SimaPro and SiteWise results, a specific environmental impact assessment method with the following impact categories was prepared. Impact Category Global Warming Potential Particular Matter Solid Waste Non renew. Resources, Energy Production Natural Resources, non renewable Natural Resources, renewable Unit kg CO 2 eq kg PM 10 eq kg MJ eq kg kg Water Depletion m 3 NO x SO x kg kg 7

8 SimaPro Simulation setup The SimaPro model input data was organized according to the following phases: Construction Materials (HDPE liner and LDPE liner) Bulk Materials (asphalt, cement, gravel, iron sulfate, Na PTC and soil) Transport (car for personell transport and truck for equipment and waste transport) Equipment (backloe loader, diesel, excavator, injection/mix system, irrigation, machine for drilling pit cleaning, machine for dust control, machine for wheels cleaning, mud rotary drilling, paver, roller, scraper and tillage) Waste disposal (hazardous waste landfill, non hazardous waste-landfil and non hazardous waste-incineration) Utilities (consumption of water for concrete mix, for dust control, for New Jersey barriers, for irrigation, and for drilling pit and wheels cleaning) Asphalt recovery (asphalt, scraper, paver and truck, only for scenario 2) Asphalt handling and disposal (non-hazardous waste-incineration and truck, only for scenario 2) The same set of input parameters were used in the SimaPro and Site Wise simulations 8

9 Results LCA environmental impact assessment utilizing SimaPro 9

10 Results Comparison of 4 remediation scenarios (1) Impact Category Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 Global Warming Potential kg CO 2 eq 5,51E+06 1,10E+06 4,15E+06 4,24E+06 Particular Matter kg PM 10 eq 7,64E+03 3,27E+02 2,69E+03 3,13E+03 Solid Waste kg 2,11E+07 5,91E+00 2,06E+01 8,27E+05 Non renew. Resources, Energy Production Natural Resources, non renewable MJ eq kg 5,65E+07 6,49E+06 1,68E+07 2,04E+07 1,90E+07 1,69E+06 3,34E+06 3,05E+06 Natural resources, renewable kg 1,45E+03 2,09E+03 1,47E+03 1,45E+03 Water Depletion m 3 1,35E+06 1,86E+05 4,40E+06 3,98E+06 NO x kg 2,80E+04 8,99E+02 6,31E+03 8,28E+03 SO x kg 2,69E+03 3,70E+02 3,19E+03 3,12E+03 10

11 Results Comparison of 4 remediation scenarios (2) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% S1 S2 S3 S4 20% 10% 0% Global warming potential Particulate matter Solid waste generation Non renew. resources, energy production Natural resources, non renewable Natural resources, renewable Water depletion NOx SOx 11

12 Results Comparison of 4 remediation scenarios (3) ReCiPe ENDPOINT Environmental Impact Assessment Method S1 - Excava*on and Off- site Disposal SINGLE SCORE S2 - Capping S3 - In- situ Stabiliza*on/ Solidfica*on S4 - Phytoremedia*on and other technologies Resources Ecosystems Human Health Total

13 Results Scenario 1 Global Warming Potential (cut-off 1%) 13

14 Results Scenario 2 Global Warming Potential (cut-off 1%) 14

15 Results Scenario 3 Global Warming Potential (cut-off 1%) 15

16 Results Scenario 4 Global Warming Potential (cut-off 1%) 16

17 Results Comparison between SimaPro and SiteWise results 17

18 SimaPro vs SiteWise Global Warming Potential Scenario SimaPro GWP SiteWise GWP SimaPro vs SiteWise (kgco2eq) (kgco2eq) (%) S1 5.51E E % S2 1.10E E % S3 4.15E E+06 75% S4 4.24E E+06 84% 6,00E+06 5,00E+06 4,00E+06 3,00E+06 2,00E+06 1,00E+06 SimaPro (GWP kgco2) SiteWise (GWP kgco2) 0,00E

19 SimaPro vs SiteWise Particular Matter Scenario SimaPro PM SiteWise PM SimaPro vs SiteWise (kg PM 10 eq) (kg PM 10 eq) (%) S1 7.64E E+03 59% S2 3.27E E+02 2% S3 2.69E E+03 39% S4 3.13E E+03 56% 9,00E+03 8,00E+03 7,00E+03 6,00E+03 5,00E+03 4,00E+03 3,00E+03 2,00E+03 1,00E+03 SimaPro (PM kgpm10 eq) SiteWise (PM kgpm10 eq) 0,00E+00 S1 S2 S3 S4 19

20 SimaPro vs SiteWise Non renew res., energy production Scenario SimaPro Nren. Res., energy SiteWise Nren. Res., SimaPro vs SiteWise prod. (MJ eq) energy prod. (MJ eq) (%) S1 5,65E+07 4,06E+07 39% S2 6,49E+06 5,96E+06 9% S3 1,68E+07 1,96E+07-14% S4 2,04E+07 2,05E+07 0% 9,00E+03 8,00E+03 7,00E+03 6,00E+03 5,00E+03 4,00E+03 3,00E+03 2,00E+03 1,00E+03 SimaPro (PM kgpm10 eq) SiteWise (PM kgpm10 eq) 0,00E+00 S1 S2 S3 S4 20

21 SimaPro vs SiteWise NOx Scenario SimaPro NOx SiteWise NOx SimaPro vs SiteWise (kg) (kg) (%) S1 2.80E E % S2 8.99E E+02 8% S3 6.31E E+03-4% S4 8.28E E+03 36% 3,00E+04 2,50E+04 2,00E+04 1,50E+04 1,00E+04 5,00E+03 NOx SimaPro (NOx kg) NOx SiteWise (NOx kg) 0,00E+00 S1 S2 S3 S4 21

22 SimaPro vs SiteWise SOx Scenario SimaPro SOx SiteWise SOx SimaPro vs SiteWise (kg) (kg) (%) S1 2.69E E+03-20% S2 3.70E E+03-67% S3 3.19E E+03-63% S4 3.12E E+03-60% 1,00E+04 9,00E+03 8,00E+03 7,00E+03 6,00E+03 5,00E+03 4,00E+03 3,00E+03 2,00E+03 1,00E+03 0,00E+00 S1 S2 S3 S4 SimaPro (SOx kg) SiteWise (SOx kg) 22

23 SimaPro vs SiteWise Water Depletion Scenario SimaPro Water SiteWise Water SimaPro vs SiteWise Depletion (m 3 ) Depletion (m 3 ) (%) S1 1,35E+06 3,82E % S2 1,86E+05 0,00E S3 4,40E+06 3,53E % S4 3,98E+06 3,14E % 23

24 Conclusions - LCA environmental impact assessment SimaPro (1) Scenario 1 is the one with the highest environmental impacts in all impact categories, except natural resource consumption (S2), water depletion and SOx emissions (S3). Following, in descending order of environmental impact significance, Scenario 4, Scenario 3 and Scenario 2. These results are also confirmed by the single score indicator analysis. In all Scenarios the environmental impacts related to the Water depletion category are mainly generated from the entire life cycle of bulk materials or by the asphalt recovery, and not from the effective water consumption in the site, during remediation activities (phase «Utilities»); 24

25 Conclusions - LCA environmental impact assessment SimaPro (2) Scenario 1 Excavation and off-site disposal: environmental impacts are mainly generated by construction material consumption, residual handling and landfill operation; Scenario 2 Capping: environmental impacts are mainly generated from asphalt recovery (assumed 50% asphalt recovery for 3 times) and asphalt handling and disposal (assumed 1 time); Scenario 3 In situ stabilization/solidification: environmental impacts are mainly generated from bulk material consumption (cement) and waste disposal (asphalt incineration); Scenario 4 Multiple technologies: environmental impacts are mainly generated from bulk material consumption (cement) and waste disposal (asphalt incineration). 25

26 Conclusions SimaPro/SiteWise comparison (1) Impacts of Scenarios 3 and 4 are comparable with both SiteWise and SimaPro Scenario 1 is the one with the highest environmental impacts and Scenario 2 the one with lower environmental impacts with both SiteWise and SimaPro; In SimaPro impacts differences between the 4 scenarios are more evident than in SiteWise; compared to SiteWise results, SimaPro results are higher on all environmental impact categories, because of a more complete database, with the exception of: SOx emissions in all scenarios (between -20% and -60%) probably because of a higher SOx emission factor of asphalt and cement as modelled in SiteWise; energy consumption in Scenario 3 (-14%) because of a lower impact factor of cement as modelled in SimaPro; NOx emissions in Scenario 3 (-4%), not easy to attribute to one single material/process. 26

27 Conclusions SimaPro/SiteWise comparison (2) SimaPro SiteWise Pros Cons Pros Cons Extremely flexible Environmental impact data from few homogeneous sources (Econinvent database, ILCD database) Database specific for European countries European units of measure Not free It requires a software expert user. Not focused only on remediation activities Free Can be utilized by nonexpert user Focused on remediation activities Environmental impacts data from heterogeneous sources Databases U.S. specific, few possibilities to choose country specific data. U.S. units of measure, need to convert them into the European system 27

28 Conclusions SimaPro/SiteWise comparison (3) SimaPro SiteWise Pros Cons Pros Cons It provides an in-depth modelling of materials, processes and equipment and results allow for an immediate identification of the life cycle phases with the highest contribute to the overall environmental impact It provides an environmental assessment limited to the overall impacts generated. Many materials, process and equipment impacts considered are not based on a life cycle approach. International Recognition and Acceptance for Certification Scheme It may be not recognized for certification. 28

29 The 3 International conference on Sustainable Remediation Thanks! Alessandro Battaglia(ERM Italy) alessandro.battaglia@erm.com Giorgio Bianchi (Syndial) giorgio.bianchi@syndial.it Fabio Iraldo (Università Bocconi) fabio.iraldo@unibocconi.it 29