Internationalization in doctoral education and research draft typology of trends and tentative SWOT analysis

Transcription

1 Internationalization in doctoral education and research draft typology of trends and tentative SWOT analysis By Dr H. van t Land, Director, Membership and Programme Development, International Association of universities Plenary III - 20 June, 9 to 10:30 7th EUA-CDE Annual Meeting Doctoral Education: Thinking globally, acting locally Hosted by the University of Liverpool June 2014

2 IAU Project on Innovative Approaches to Doctoral Education in Africa IAU Global Association of Universities 620 universities, 30 Associations, Networks and rectors conferences, including EUA, ACUP, in 130 countries Policy development Monitoring Trends Advocacy Networking Mutual understanding 2 The project One out of five (Internationalization, HESD; EFA; Acces and Succes, IDEA) focuses on doctoral education in Africa proceeds through in depth analysis of doctoral programmes at set of HEIs Debate and advocacy 15 HEIs in 15 countries Funded by Sida

3 Doctoral Education, why, where and for whom? «Doctoral Education lies at the core of a university s research capacity, and is also seen as a primary source of research productivity and innovation in the global knowledge economy. It is therefore a question of vital importance to universities, nations, and the world, whether and how a global system of doctoral education is emerging within the global knowledge economy» Maresi Nerad and Mimi Heggelund, Toward a Global PhD? (c) IAU - June

4 Direct contribution of graduate and post graduate education to the welfare of the economy andof societies; «deficiency in human captital is the major reason why poor countries remain poor» Hoba and Marfouk, «Why should we worry about Brain Drain From Africa», It meets the research and employment needs; «an educated and skilled workforce is one of the pillars of the knowledge-based economy. Increasingly, comparative advantages among nations come less from natural resources or cheap labour and more from technical innovations and the comparative use of knowledge» and «Economic outcome of doctoral education reaches beyond national borders» WB 2005 Report, cited by Hoba and Marfouk 2011

5 Working across borders Objectives Means Timelines

6 Context / background Increased role for human capital in growth strategies and competitivity of countries Growth strategies and Types of competition For resources For talent For infrastructures

7 Expected outcomes Innovation Competitiveness Attractiveness

8 Objectives for working across borders at doctoral level Address market challenges by attracting talent, foreign student retention and scientific immigration Improve quality of teaching and research Generate revenue for the economy and for the institution Internationalization as instrument for development policy and development aid

9 Types of cooperation 1. Human resource development (supplying the labour market) 2. Improvement of quality of teaching and research 3. Consolidation / international presence 4. Developpement or co-developpement and capacity building (c) IAU - June 2014

10 Doctoral Education & Research Strategies Questions heard so far: What strategy for today and for tomorrow? At what levels: national, regional, institutional politicy level? What balance between education and research? (c) IAU - June 2014

11 How 1. Regional strategies 2. National strategies 3. Institutional strategies Coherence of objectives and implementation Local / institutional adaptations of the strategy Development of structures to implement the strategy

12 Country strategies (random selection) Australia: Australia Educating Globally; advice from the International Education Advisory Council, 2013 Brazil, CAPES led programme: Science Without Borders Canada: Canadian Strategy for International Education 2014 China 2030, WB report on «Building a Modern, Harmoneous and Creative Society» Finland: Startegy for the internationalisation of HEIs in Finland , 2009

13 Germany: Strategy 2020, DAAD India: Vision 2030 Ireland: National Strategy for Higher Education to 2030, 2011 Japan, Vision 2050 Kenya, Vision 2030: A Policy Framework for Education and Training, 2012 Malaysia: Malaysia Education Blueprint Peru: Projet d Education Nationale - PEN 2015 UK: International Education Global Growth and Prosperity, 2013

14 Strategic orientations Sustainable development / Research for national development in order for the country to become a prosperous and internationally competitive nation (Kenya); Attract best researchers (UK); Consolidate country position internationally + intensify HE cooperation in research (Australia); Attract qualified human ressources through strategic research partnerships (Canada);

15 Scientific diplomacy + Research policy + attract best talents to address demographic challenges (Germany); Attract best talents (Finland) Competitiveness and innovation with a focus on green development (China) Stay relevant and compete in the Global Marketplace (Malaysia)

16 Internationalization Some data from the IAU 4th Global Survey on the Internationalization of higher education Growing expectations, fundamental values The Report, authored by Eva Egron Polak and Ross Hudson, IAU, was launched in Amsterdam on 1 April For executive summary and order form see:

17 The IAU 4th Global Survey Report 1336 HEIs 131 countries 69% indicate that internationalisation is a priority 75% state they have one in place 46% is convinced leadership drives internationalization

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19 Top three ranked internationalisation activities undertaken by HEIs Pink: 1st Green: 2 nd Blue 2rd IAU Global Survey Report, Figure E.9, p. 79

20 Internationalization activities funding raise IAU Global Survey Report, Figure F.3, p. 85 (c) IAU - June 2014

21 IAU Global Survey Report, Figure G.10, p.96

22 Partnerships Strategic alliances Country targets (industrialised / emerging / developing) Regional alliances Institutional affiliations Disciplinary partnerships Personal / peer to peer exchange programmes Etc. (c) IAU - June 2014

23 Implementation Definition of strategy Definition of targets Establishment of hierachy of priorities Joint drafting of policies Hiring of adequate staff Ensuring coherence of choices and priorities

24 Research strategies imply Development of research partnerships Recrutement and exchange of researchers Research norms (quality assurance, classification) Strong and competitive visa, immigration and labour market access policies Diversifies scholarship schemes Etc.

25 Types of cooperation 1. Human resource development (supplying the labour market) 2. Improvement of quality of teaching and research 3. Consolidation / international presence 4. Developpement or co-developpement and capacity building

26 Human resource development S: brain gain; new ideas for new solutions W: financially demanding and long term processes for inclusion O: exchange of practices and capacity building at both ends T: brain drain elsewhere

27 Improve quality of teaching and research S: import international norms and know how W: long process require full investment of all actors O: peer to peer cross fertilisation T: destabalisation / inadaptability

28 Consolidation / international presence S: gain recognition and thus gain in attractivity W: outward policy adaptation and less concentration on internal challenges O: better position in classification systems; attract international funding through partners T: geo-political strategy changes

29 Co-Developpement and capacity building S: gain respect and influence, knowledge sharing, long term benefits also commercially, politically and culturally W: diplomatic relations when privileged do not allow to concentrate on research excellence per se ; long term O: use partners strengthes and natural lab resources for instance to perform innovative research; long term opportunities T: threats on availablitity of finances on the long run

30 Dilemma of choices Orientation chosen will impact on the entire institution Equilibrium to be found between national or even regional strategies and local and institutional strategies Local dynamics and facilitation through national strategy Working across borders requires cooperation at local and national level so that national systems acquire the required notoriety and so that internationalization takes place Sustainability of practices is a challenge

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