How do you know which chart to use?

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2 How do you know which chart to use? In this PowerPoint, each chart will be defined and described with an example of the data it is most appropriately suited to represent. How are charts used in other classes? Are charts used in Algebra? Why? Are charts used in Social Studies? Why? Are charts used in English? Why? 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 2

3 You need to know: What you need to know The six common charts used in business. The object is to understand how each chart is used to communicate information. For example, if you are trying to compare the sales of Honda Civics to the sales of Nissan Altimas, what chart will best explain the data? Why is one chart preferred over another? Which chart will best communicate the data? 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 3

4 6 Common types of charts Column Chart Stacked Bar Chart Line Chart XY Scatter Chart Pie Chart Exploded Pie Chart 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 4

5 Column Chart A Column Chart is used to make comparisons and generalizations about groups of data. such as, to compare the number of students from each class (Sophomores, Juniors, and Seniors) and their attendance and school spirit at assemblies. A Column Chart is a series of vertical chart columns, each representative of a data series Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 5

6 Column Chart This chart compares the attendance rates/school spirit of Seniors, Juniors, and Sophomores at assemblies over a period of four months. 100 Spirit Participation School Spirit at Assemblies Seniors Juniors Sophomores Attendance Rate January February March April Month Which group has the most consistent school spirit? The Sophomores have the most consistent attendance/school spirit, as evidenced by the green bars Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 6

7 Compare 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 7

8 Stacked Bar Spirit Participation This chart focuses more on each group s contribution to the whole for any given month. Month April March February January Sophomores Juniors Seniors Percent 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 8

9 Line This chart would be okay if we were analyzing trends in attendance rates, but it does not provide a good side-by-side comparison. Percent Spirit Participation January February March April Month Sophomores Juniors Seniors 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 9

10 XY Scatter Spirit Participation Percent Month Juniors Seniors Sophomores This chart is trying to determine if there is a correlation between the month and the attendance rate Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 10

11 Pie Sophomores Finally, this chart is useless for representing the data because it only allows for one data series. 24% 25% 25% 26% January February March April 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 11

12 Stacked Bar Chart A Stacked Bar Chart is used to represent the sum of more than one value and compare the contribution of individuals to the whole. such as, to compare the total sales for three components/departments to the whole sales for a store. A Bar or a Stacked Bar Chart is a series of horizontal bars, each representative of a data series. Each bar is divided into two or more parts The length of the stacked bar represents a total Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 12

13 Another Stacked Bar Chart example: Question: The CTE Dept. has received test scores for the first semester. The Dept. chair wants to see how each area (Business, Marketing, Technology) contributed to the combined score. What is the best chart type to use? Answer: Stacked Bar Chart 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 13

14 Stacked Bar Period 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 8,000 7,000 15,755 25,000 3,500 3,500 ABC Computers Quarterly Report Sales Analysis 2nd Quarter 8,000 12,575 2,500 Printers Computers 1st Quarter 5,000 10,500 3,300 Monitors 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 Sales (in Thousands) This example shows the contributions of three components--computers, Printers, and Monitors--to total sales during each quarter (three-month period) Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 14

15 Compare 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 15

16 Column This chart does not accurately represent the contributions of each part to the whole and is instead comparing them against each other. Sales (in Thousands) 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 ABC Computers Quarterly Report Component Analysis 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Printers Computers Monitors Bar 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 16

17 Line ABC Company Quarterly Report Component Analysis What about this chart? Can you clearly identify each component s contribution to the whole? Sales (in Thousands) 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 Printers Computers Monitors 0 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Quarter Line 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 17

18 XY Scatter ABC Computers Quarterly Report 30,000 Why does this chart not work? Sales (in Thousands) 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 Printers Computers Monitors 5, Quarter XY Scatter 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 18

19 Pie ABC Computers Quarterly Report Component Analysis This chart only looks at one department. 29% 18% 28% 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter 25% Pie 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 19

20 Line Chart A Line Chart is used to show trends or changes in data over time. such as, growth in sales over several quarters. A Line Chart is a series of data points connected by horizontal lines, each representing a series of data Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 20

21 Question: The CTE Dept. Chair is reviewing test scores and wants to see the trends of the scores of students in these 3 areas (Business, Marketing, Technology) for the past 5 years. Another Line Chart example What is the best chart type to use? Answer: Line Chart 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 21

22 Line Chart Which department showed the most growth? Which department showed a steady increase in sales? Which department showed a decline in sales? Sales (in Thousands) 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Sales Trends by Department 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter Period 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Music Shoes Clothing 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 22

23 Compare 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 23

24 Column To analyze the trends in this chart, the reader must read each data series separately and then make comparisons and generalizations. However, in the previous Line Chart, trends were clearly and quickly analyzed just by looking at the lines. Sales (in Thousands) 61,000 51,000 41,000 31,000 21,000 11,000 1,000 Sales Trends by Department 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter Quarter 4th Quarter Music Shoes Clothing Bar 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 24

25 Stacked Bar Does this chart describe trends? Sales Trends by Department 4th Quarter Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Music Shoes Clothing - 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 Sales (in Thousands) Stacked Bar 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 25

26 Pie Music The pie chart fails to present all of the data. 41% 15% 19% 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 25% 4th Quarter Pie 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 26

27 XY Scatter An XY Scatter Chart is used to indicate the correlation of two or more sets of data. such as, the correlation between stress rates and wait time in a doctor s office. or the correlation between pulse rates and wait time in the principal s office. A business example of an XY Chart is one that represents the effect (if any) of caffeine on worker productivity Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 27

28 XY Scatter Stress Analysis What effect did the wait time in the principal s office have on pulse rate? What effect did the wait time in the doctor s office have on pulse rate? Pulse Rate Wait Time (in Minutes) Principal's Office Doctor's Office This data is fictional Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 28

29 Compare 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 29

30 Column As you can see, if this chart is used, the data is confusing and not easily interpreted. Stress Rates Pulse Rate Minutes Principal's Office Pulse Rate Principal's Office Minutes Doctor's Office Pulse Rate Doctor's Office Minutes Bar 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 30

31 Stacked Bar Stress Rates Principal's Office Pulse Rate Principal's Office Minutes Doctor's Office Pulse Rate Doctor's Office Minutes This chart is also hard to interpret. Minutes Pulse Rate Stacked Bar 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 31

32 Pie Principal's Office Pulse Rate The pie chart, once again, is clearly not the preferred chart for representing and communicating the data! Pie 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 32

33 Pie Chart A Pie Chart is used to represent only one series of data. A Pie Chart shows the contribution of each component of one series of data to the whole. such as, the percentage (%) of each expenditure to the total budget the % of each investment type in a portfolio It answers the question, What is the percentage of each part to the whole? 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 33

34 Pie Chart Which item contributed the most percent to total sales? Financial Budget East Region 13% 57% 13% 17% Printers PDAs Desktops Laptops 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 34

35 Exploded Pie Chart An Exploded Pie Chart is a pie chart in which the individual components are enhanced. It is used to emphasize one or more portions of the data (one piece of the pie is enhanced) Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 35

36 Exploded Pie Chart Music Sales by Genre 27% 33% 16% 24% Classical Country Rock Hip Hop 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 36

37 Review: Can you identify the charts? 1. Represents the contribution of individual items to the whole 2. Indicates trends in data 3. Makes comparisons about groups of data 4. Emphasizes one or more portions of the data 5. Represents only one series of data 6. Indicates a correlation 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 37

38 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 38 Stacked Bar Period 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 8,000 7,000 15,755 25,000 3,500 3,500 ABC Computers Quarterly Report Sales Analysis 2nd Quarter 8,000 12,575 2,500 Printers Computers 1st Quarter 5,000 10,500 3,300 Monitors 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 Sales (in Thousands)

39 XY Scatter Stress Analysis Pulse Rate Wait Time (in Minutes) Principal's Office Doctor's Office 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 39

40 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 40 Column Chart Attendance Rate Spirit Participation January February March April Month Seniors Juniors Sophomores

41 Exploded Pie Music Sales by Genre 27% 33% 16% 24% Classical Country Rock Hip Hop 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 41

42 Pie Financial Budget East Region 13% 57% 13% 17% Printers PDAs Desktops Laptops 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 42

43 Line Sales Trends by Department 60,000 Sales (in Thousands) 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 Music Shoes Clothing 0 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter Period 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter 4.02 Understand charts/graphs used in business. Slide 43