Study on Logistics Center Site Selection of Jilin Province

Transcription

1 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 7, NO. 8, AUGUST Stuy on Logstcs Center Ste Selecton of Jln Provnce Xaohu Lu College of Traffc an Bulng Engneerng Behua Unversty Chna Xaohu Guo* an Xueyu Zhao Logstcs Management Department Dalan Martme Unversty Dalan Chna; School of Eucaton an Human Development Unversty of Colorao, Denver 1250, U.S. Abstract Base on the ntroucton of the concepts of logstcs an logstcs center, ths paper analyze the status an problems of Jln Provnce s logstcs center, an propose the steps, prncples an factors for ste selecton of logstcs center. Then by lstng an comparng nne kns of logstcs center ste selecton metho, nclung Analytc Herarchy Process, Cluster Algorthm, Genetc Algorthm, Weght Grae Metho, P-Mean Metho, System Smulaton Metho, Fuzzy qualty functon metho, Djkstra Metho, we chose the best ste selecton metho, namely the center of gravty metho. Fnally, ths paper foun out the exact logstcs center locaton of Jln Provnce wth the center of gravty metho. Inex Terms center of gravty metho, logstcs, logstcs center, prncples, ste selecton, steps I. INTRODUCTION Logstcs center occupes an mportant poston n the logstcs system, whch plays a lnkng role. The upstream of logstcs are the supply factores, an ownstream are users. Moern logstcs center plays an mportant part n the crculaton communty, an t s the support of the entre logstcs network, whch can not only optmze the logstcs networks, but also lnk, coornate, the logstcs nfrastructure of the whole socety. The transt an strbuton functon of moern logstcs center can enlarge the functons of logstcs nfrastructure, an effectvely reuce logstcs costs, mprove the logstcs stuaton, so as to mprove logstcs effcency. In a sense, the lack of moern logstcs center wll nevtably lea to the waste of resources of regonal nfrastructure an other crculaton elements. In other wors, f the moern logstcs center s not perfect, the nfrastructure functon wll be serously affecte. Ste selecton of logstcs center means that n the economc areas where contan a number of supply ponts an eman ponts, choosng a goo place to set up a logstcs center plannng process. Better logstcs center Founaton tem: plannng tem of technology evelopment for Jln cty: Corresponng author, Guo Xaohu locaton soluton can effectvely save money, promote proucton an consumpton of coornaton an cooperaton to ensure the balance evelopment of the logstcs system. Therefore, a reasonable strbuton center locaton s very mportant. An once selecte, t wll be a long operaton, whch s not only relate to operatng costs but also rectly relate to the level of logstcs effcency [1]. The logstcs center of Jln provnce s a magnfcent logstcs nfrastructure, whch has a bg mpact on socal economy. Reasonable ste selecton of logstcs center can save costs effectvely an guarantee the balance evelopment of logstcs system as well as reuce traffc congestons that appeare n many ctes, so as to reuce the polluton to the envronment. Thus, t wll efntely promote the sustanable evelopment of Jln provnce. Wth the acceleraton of the plannng for logstcs center n Jln Provnce, a reasonable plan for the ste selecton of logstcs center s an mportant topc. II. OVERVIEW OF LOGISTICS CENTER IN JILIN PROVINCE A. Logstcs an Logstcs Center Orgnally, logstcs s a mltary term, frst use n the Napoleonc era, whch was efne as the art of movng armes an keepng them supple. The term has become popular snce the Gulf War of 1991; partcularly snce the publcaton n November, 1992 of an ntervew wth Wllam Pagons, the general who ha been n charge of logstcs n that war. Wllam Pagons efnes t as: the ntegraton of transportaton, supply, warehousng, mantenance, procurement, contractng an automaton nto a sngle functon that ensures no sub optmzaton n any of those areas, to allow the overall accomplshment of a partcular strategy, objectve, or msson. Later, n busness fel, a commonly use efnton for logstcs was gven by the Councl for Logstcs Management (SCM): Logstcs s that part of the supply chan process that plans, mplements, an controls the effcent, effectve forwar an reverses flow an storage of goos, servce, an relate nformaton between the pont of orgn an o: /jsw

2 1800 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 7, NO. 8, AUGUST 2012 the pont of consumpton n orer to meet customers requrements. So far, many efntons of logstcs have been propose. But a wely use efnton of logstcs s that: Logstcs s the process of strategcally managng the procurement, movement an storage of materals, parts an fnshe nventory (an the relate nformaton flows) through the organzaton an ts marketng channels n such a way that current an future proftablty are maxmze through the cost-effectve fulfllment of orers. When the proucts are move from the supplers to users, we nee a central locaton for a seres of logstcs management, or centralze or strbute, or storage, or flow, or the packagng or hanlng, the place s what we call the logstcs center. The efnton of logstcs center can be escrbe lke ths: t s a workplace or an organzaton that eals wth logstcs actvtes, an t shoul meet the followng requrements: a, manly sever for the whole socety; b, the logstcs functons are suffcent; c, the nformaton networks are perfect;, the raaton ranges are we; e, the varety s small an the batch s bg; f, the capacty of storage s hgh; g, all the logstcs actvtes are operate together. The ste selecton of logstcs center s to choose a locaton n an economc area that contans several supply ponts an eman ponts [2]. B. The Status of the Logstcs Center n Jln Provnce Logstcs has become an mportant nternatonal economc system component. Moern logstcs s a prouct of economc globalzaton. Economc globalzaton s an mportant servce. In recent years, the moern logstcs nustry showe steay growth, Europe, the Unte States, Japan has become the worlwe mportant logstcs base. Chna's logstcs nustry starte late, wth the rap evelopment of the natonal economy, the market eman for the logstcs nustry contnues to expan. In the 21st century, the country contnue to strengthen an mprove macro-control polces, Chna's logstcs nustry to mantan rap growth, contnuous mprovement of logstcs systems, the nustry has become more sophstcate an stanarze operaton. As the socalst market economc system of contnuous mprovement, Chna's logstcs nustry has mae sgnfcant nfrastructure evelopment, logstcs, have been expanng, busness concepts, an operatng moe of operaton means great changes have taken place, whle Chna's logstcs nustry has just starte, s an emergng, wth potental for nvestment an fnancng s fnancal nustry shoul be n the techncal means, the servce concept of contnuous mprovement, cret polcy, ue to ts support. to explore the great potental of the logstcs nustry, an graually to the collecton of nformaton, automaton an ntellgence n one of moern logstcs evelopment, the tren of Chna's logstcs nustry Wth the rap growth of economc globalzaton an nformaton network, moern logstcs nustry has become the sunrse nustres, whch s the "the thr proft source" followng the proucton profts an sales profts, The evelopment level of logstcs s an mportant ncator of measurng the overall compettveness of a country or a regon. Currently, Jln provnce s n an mportant pero of enterng the bulng a moerately prosperous socety an acceleratng socalst moernzaton, therefore, acceleratng the evelopment of moern logstcs nustry an bulng the logstcs nustry of Jln provnce that n lne wth trens of moern logstcs evelopment are of great sgnfcance to ajust an optmze nustral structure, enhance the overall compettve strength an mprove the level of economc evelopment of Jln provnce. C. Problems of Logstcs Center n Jln Provnce Jln Provnce has starte the constructon of logstcs centers an showe the tren of rap an potental evelopment n some areas an regons. Its evelopment contons are graually takng shape, wth a regonal logstcs center n northeast goo founaton, but stll n the early stages of evelopment. Because logstcs eman s lmte, not yet forme a relatvely complete system, compare wth the requrements of moern logstcs nustry, there s stll a bg gap. Man questons are as follows [3]. ⑴ A poor sense of moern logstcs, ecentralze logstcs management system, lack of overall plannng Currently, the nustral polcy an nustral plannng that are requre for the evelopment of moern logstcs nustry of Jln Provnce has not been ntrouce. There are no unform laws an regulatons to follow n the logstcs competton market. Beses, the moern logstcs concept s so weak that some companes o not get r of the planne economy an they are accustome to "large", "small", they not follow the concept of moern logstcs, nternal logstcs ntegraton an restructurng, or the mplementaton of outsourcng. The egree of specalzaton s low, an strbuton costs account for the hgh proporton of proucton costs. Most companes are stll focuse on roa transport, water transport, an wholesale, retal an other tratonal logstcs nustry. Whereas a few companes operate moern e-commerce, logstcs an strbuton, large supermarket chans, an the technology level s low, an lack of moern management tools. ⑵Inaequate envronment of logstcs nustry, ffcult operatng of logstcs corporatons Logstcs enterprses mostly come from the tratonal transport an warehousng company, many of whch are the ol state-owne enterprses, an have heavy hstorcal buren. Due to lack of moern logstcs an unable to scentfcally manage logstcs process, the logstcs costs are so hgh that t s har for a logstcs company to operate well. In aton, fnancng channels are so poor an lack of fnancal servces acton between logstcs enterprses, the transacton for the establshment of the network on the bass of trae, fnance, nsurance, how to prove fnancal servces, settlement, payment settlement an other logstcs center wll be the key to successful evelopment. Enterprse funs were tght, whch lmte the logstcs corporatons to expan the evelopment space.

3 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 7, NO. 8, AUGUST ⑶ Ineffcent logstcs system, low techncal equpment qualty The level of harware technology of Jln transport s low, an the hgh-spee freght an operatons management moernzaton are stll n ts nfancy, an hanlng, transportaton, hanlng equpment are left behn. Jln Provnce s currently operatng general cargo vehcles, are trucks are stll the man moel. The majorty of companes are stll at the stage of tratonal freght forwarng, an the extenson servces are less. The man operatng form s self-cyclng, whereas, the low scale, specalzaton an moernzaton of the transport enterprses mpact the enterprse's market compettveness. ⑷ Lack of professonal logstcs talent Wth the rap evelopment of logstcs nustry n Jln Provnce, professonal talent shortage problem has surface. Logstcs talent has become one of 12 kns of shortage talent. At present, the logstcs nustry manly lacks three kns of people: logstcs planners, logstcs export-orente nternatonal talent, logstcs researchers. III. OVERVIEW OF LOGISTICS CENTER SITE SELECTION A. The Early Development of Logstcs Center Ste Selecton The early theory of ste selecton problem was propose by lan economst an regonal geographer. The common theme n all these early stues was that transportaton costs play an mportant role n locaton ecsons. The frst locaton problem was propose from the Weber n 1909, t was to etermne a goo warehouse locaton, so as to make the stance between warehouse an the other customers locaton shortest. For ths problem, SIar restue ths problem n 1956 base on the nustral ste selecton an lan use an relate ssues. Another earler ste selecton problem was propose n 1929 by Hotellng, who was an economst. he rase the ssue n a straght lne on the locaton of two competng supplers. Then Smthes an Stevens extene ths ssue. In the 1850s an early 1960s, many people stuy the faclty layout an esgn ssues. Loshc an Moses thnk that economc factors are relate to ste selecton of proucton center. Mhee manly stuy of the problem of makng the length of connectons wthn the network mnmze. In the m-1860s, theoretcal research of ste selecton was expane n several unrelate areas, an therefore not form a unfe theory. Untl 1964, Hakm conucte more theoretcal stues on ste selecton ssues, an consere the general problem that was to select one or more facltes locaton n a network so as to make the total stance between ponts or facltes mnmum. Thus locaton theory has mae sgnfcant progress, an extene to practcal applcatons [4]-[6]. B. Steps of Logstcs Center Ste Selecton The logstcs center ste selecton of Jln Provnce s base on eman forecasts, conserng the socoeconomc evelopment, traffc an envronmental factors, so as to etermne the locaton an layout of the logstcs center. Specfcally, the ste selecton process can be ve nto the followng steps: ⑴ Ste constrants analyss. Ths part nclues cost an non-cost factors, transportaton costs, lan costs, geographcal contons. When selectng a ste, frstly, we shoul clear the necessty, purpose an sgnfcance of the establshment of logstcs centers. Then analyzng the status of logstcs systems, so as to make a basc plan for logstcs systems an etermne the basc contons neee to unerstan, n orer to greatly reuce the scope of the ste. ⑵Collectng ata an selectng the locaton metho. When selectng a metho, we shoul take the followng factors nto conseraton: transportaton costs, strbuton costs an logstcs facltes costs. Then we establsh a mathematcal formula accorng to constrants an objectve, so as to seek a mnmum cost program. However, when we seek the optmal soluton usng ths ste selecton moel, we must make a correct analyss an jugments for the volume of busness an proucton costs. ⑶Choosng a calculaton moel an solvng. Selectng the fferent moels n fferent stuatons, then calculate outcome. Then the calculate result s the fnal result. But the calculate outcome maybe not necessarly the optmal soluton. It may only be a elgble satsfactory soluton that n lne wth the contons [7]. C. The Prncples of Logstcs Center Ste Selecton Logstcs center ste selecton process shoul comply wth the aaptablty prncple, coornaton prncple, economc prncple an strategc prncple. ⑴ Aaptablty prncple Logstcs center ste selecton shoul be aapte to the natonal, provncal an muncpal economc evelopment polces an be compatble wth the strbuton of logstcs an the strbuton resources an requrements an economc an socal evelopment. ⑵ Coornaton prncple Logstcs center ste selecton shoul conser the country's logstcs network system as a whole, so the logstcs center facltes can be coornate wth the geographcal strbuton, operatons prouctvty an technology level. ⑶ Economc Prncple. The ste selecton costs n Logstcs center evelopment nclung constructon costs an logstcs costs (operatng expenses). The logstcs facltes constructon scale an constructon costs an freght are fferent when choosng fferent logstcs center locaton such as the urban, per-urban areas or outer suburbs. The economc prncple shoul make the total cost of the logstcs center lowest.

4 1802 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 7, NO. 8, AUGUST 2012 ⑷ Strategc prncple Ste selecton of logstcs center shoul have a strategc vson. Frst, we must conser the overall stuaton. Secon s to conser the long term. Part shoul obey to the whole stuaton, an the current nterests shoul obey to the long-term nterests [8]. We shoul conser both the present nees an the possblty of future evelopment. D. Factors of Logstcs Center Ste Selecton Logstcs center locaton s a ecson-makng process affecte by a number of factors. In orer to facltate the stuy, ths paper summarze as three major aspects to analyze: the busness envronment, nfrastructure, natural envronment. Then we specfcally analyze these factors. (1) Busness envronment 1 Servces. Servce level means that the logstcs center shoul meet the users logstcs nees n the greatest possble. An mportant ncator of the servce level n moern logstcs process s the Punctual an qualfe elvery. When selectng the logstcs center, we shoul ensure that the customers logstcs eman can be quckly satsfe at any tme. At the same tme, the logstcs center shoul try to elver the hgh qualty servces at the lowest costs. 2 Labor contons. As the logstcs are labor- ntensve nustres, so the suffcent quantty an hghqualty labor contons are to ensure the basc operaton of the logstcs center. Therefore, the labor conton s one of the factors taken nto account when selectng a logstcs center. 3 Logstcs costs. Logstcs cost s the most mportant factor of logstcs center ste selecton. Most of the logstcs centers are compatble wth exstng facltes an close to the emanng ponts n orer to reuce logstcs costs. Ths ncator has become a major concern n the logstcs center quanttatve locaton moel. The lower the logstcs costs are, the closer to the optmal program ⑵ Infrastructure status 1Traffc contons: Logstcs centers must have convenent transportaton contons. The logstcs shoul close to the port, hub, man roas, ralway marshallng staton or arport, an there are two or more moes of transport connectons. 2 State of publc facltes: Logstcs center locaton requres the cty's roas, communcatons an other publc facltes avalable. There s plenty of power, water, heat, gas capacty, an there are sewage, sol waste sposal capacty aroun the fel area. (3)Natural envronment 1Hyrologcal an geologcal contons: Logstcs center locaton nee to stay away from the rver basn an floo overflow area. To serously examne the recent hyrologcal ata, an water table shoul not be too hgh. In general, settng the logstcs center near goo hyrologcal contons can help to mprove the securty of the logstcs operatons. Logstcs center s stagng a large number of commotes. If there s slt, san flow, loose sol an other averse geologcal contons below the surface layer of the logstcs center, t may cause serous consequences. Therefore, sol bearng capacty must be hgh. 2 Terran contons. Convenent access of vehcle, securty, elvery of goos effcency an energy effcency an other aspects wll be subject to the mpact of topography. So the best place s completely flat, easy terran area; followe a slght slope, or conser ups an owns of the place. We can choose rectangular n shape, but we shoul not choose a narrow or rregular shape [9]. IV STUDY ON METHOD OF LOGISTICS CENTER SITE SELECTION At present, there are many methos relate to the ste selecton of logstcs center, whch can be ve nto two major categores of qualtatve an quanttatve. Qualtatve metho s to make ecsons accorng to the personal or collectve experence. Generally, the step s to etermne the evaluaton ncator base on experence, an then we carry out the pros an cons of testng for the selecte centers, so as to make ecsons base on test results. Qualtatve metho has the avantage of focusng on hstorcal experence, whch s smple. However, the rawback s that t s easy to make emprcal an subjectve errors, an when there are more optonal place, t s ffcult to make goo ecsons. Quanttatve methos can transform the ste selecton problems nto a functon accorng to varous constrants an objectves to be acheve, an then usng the approprate algorthm to solve an fn the most qualfe soluton as the locaton of logstcs center. Here are some wely use ste selecton methos [10]. A Analytc Herarchy Process (AHP) The Analytc Herarchy Process (AHP) was evelope by Thomas L. Saaty n the 1970s an has been extensvely stue an refne snce then. It proves a comprehensve an ratonal framework for structurng a ecson problem, for representng an quantfyng ts elements, for relatng those elements to overall goals, an for evaluatng alternatve solutons. Rather than prescrbng a "correct" ecson, the AHP helps ecson makers fn one that best suts ther goal an ther unerstanng of the problem [11]. It s a process of organzng ecsons that people are alreay ealng wth, but tryng to o n ther heas. B Cluster Algorthm Cluster Algorthm nvolves the task of vng ata ponts nto homogeneous classes or clusters so that tems n the same class are as smlar as possble an tems n fferent classes are as ssmlar as possble. Clusterng can also be thought of as a form of ata compresson, where a large number of samples are converte nto a small number of representatve prototypes or clusters. Depenng on the ata an the applcaton, fferent types of smlarty measures may be use to entfy classes, where the smlarty measure controls how the clusters are forme. Some examples of values that can be use as

5 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 7, NO. 8, AUGUST smlarty measures nclue stance, connectvty, an ntensty. C Centre of Gravty Metho Centre of gravty metho s one of the most common locaton testng methos of logstcs center, statc, n whch the transport costs(tc) s the only strategc element, there s a coornate wth fxe supply pont an eman pont an traffc volume between noes. It means the objectve of logstcs center locaton selecton s the mnmum of total TC [12], whch s, total TC lnear stance between faclty an customer Quantty emane [13]. D Genetc Algorthm (GA) Genetc Algorthm (GA) s a search technque use n computng to fn exact or approxmate solutons to optmzaton an search problems. GA s categorze as global search heurstcs an t s a partcular class of evolutonary algorthms (EA) that use technques nspre by evolutonary bology such as nhertance, mutaton, selecton, an crossover [14]. GA can help select the best locaton of logstcs center. E Weght Grae Metho Many mportant factors of ste selecton are ffcult to quantfy precsely, but the lack of these factors an ncators woul be ffcult to quantfy the egree of ste optons for a varety of comparatve analyss, commonly use approach s the Weght Grae Metho. Weght Grae Metho s to etermne several factors an gve ther weght, so as to get the fnal scores of the canate locaton. The locaton whch gets the hghest scores s the optmum locaton. The concrete steps are as follows [15] : (1) lsts the alternatve locatons; (2) lsts the varous factors affectng ste selecton; (3) gves the range of scores for each factor; (4) experts n varous alternatve locatons for the varous factors on the score; (5) the locaton of each factor score for each sum, calculate to compare the total score after the score up to the ste as a ste locaton. The factors to be consere are: constructon costs, transportaton costs, the energy stuaton, the labor envronment, lvng contons, traffc, water, clmate, poltcal. F P - Mean Metho P - Mean Metho can help etermne a known set of requrements an a canate faclty locatons an quanttes, so as to etermne the locaton of facltes an assgn each faclty to a specfc faclty to make the transportaton costs lowest between the faclty an eman ponts. Greey heurstc algorthm can be use to calculate ths problem. G System Smulaton Metho Logstcs management system an the external envronment or the lnk that exsts between certan mathematcal or logcal relatonshps, so you can use qualtatve an quanttatve analyss methos, by means of some mathematcal moels to escrbe these mathematcal logc or the logc of relatons, reflectng the nature of the system. Smulaton moel s a mathematcal logc, through computer experments, for a system operatng accorng to certan rules of transformaton from one state to another state or escrbe the ynamc behavor analyss. H Fuzzy Qualty Functon Metho In the selecton process we shoul not only conser the nees of the logstcs enterprses but also conser the nees of customers. We can bul qualty house of ste selecton ecson then accorng to the customer care ste nees to establsh the weght matrx to calculate the ste selecton crtera weghts, the fuzzy evaluaton of the program, n the vague sort of program, fn the best locaton of the fnal poston. The qualty house of ste selecton ecson s shown n Fgure 1, an the ste selecton process s shown n Fgure 2. Fgure 1. The qualty house of ste selecton ecson Fgure 2. Ste selecton process

6 1804 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 7, NO. 8, AUGUST 2012 I. Djkstra Metho The man ea of Djkstra Metho s the stance between two vertces from the representatve of the weght matrx, every tme a vertex nserte compare any shortest path between two ponts s known as the mle vertex an vertex nserton may arse when the path stance, an then take a smaller value the rght to get the new stance matrx. When all the vertces are a vertex, the resultng fnal weght matrx reflects all the vertces on the shortest stance between the nformaton. By the shortest stance as the mnmum cost, that s the best ste locaton. Because Centre of gravty metho s qute flexble an oes not confne selecton to the specfc prospectve locatons [16], so we aopt Centre of gravty metho to select the logstcs center of Jln provnce. V MODEL FOR SITE SELECTION OF LOGISTICS CENTER OF JILIN PROVINCE A. Moel Establshment Gven the coornate of supply pont an eman pont an traffc volume between noes, then the objectve of logstcs center ste selecton s the mnmum of total transport costs(tc), whch s, MnTC V R (1) In whch, TC total transport costs V total traffc volume of noe R transport fare rate between logstcs center locaton selecte an noe the stance between logstcs center locaton [17]- [19] selecte an noe Calculatng the ntal ste coornate of logstcs center of Jln provnce: x0 v r x v r vr y y 0 v r (2) The precse ste coornates of logstcs center: x y v r /, v r x / v r y / v r /, (3) In whch, ( x, y ) are coornates of selecte logstcs center, ( x, y )are coornates of known supply an eman ponts. Recalculate tll ( x, y ) change to less than eal accuracy. The formula of s as follows [20] : 2 2 ( x x) + ( y y) (4) The ctes coornate of Jln provnce s shown n fgure 3. The traffc volume an transport fare rate of Jln provnce are shown n table 1. TABLE I. LOGISTICS VOLUME AND FARE RATE OF JILIN PROVINCE

7 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 7, NO. 8, AUGUST B. Moel Solvng (1)We can calculate the ntal pont, accorng to the formula: x0 v r x v r y 0, v r y v r x ( ) 0.41 ( ) 11.65km y ( ) 0.41 ( ) 8.8km (2)Put the ntal pont nto formula (4), we can calculate : , , , , , , , , (3)Put nto formula (3), we can calculate the revse coornate ( x, y ) : x km, y km (4)After repeatng the above steps, we got the best ste coornate, that s, x 10, y 10. Therefore, the best locaton for logstcs center of Jln provnce s Changchun cty (10, 10), an the best ste s locate n the juncton of Southeast Lake Roa an East Rng Roa. The mnmum transport costs MnTC51.29 mllon Yuan. CONCLUSION By usng the Centre of gravty metho, ths paper etermne the precse locaton for logstcs center of Jln provnce, namely, the juncton of Southeast Lake Roa an East Rng Roa. Ths establshment of logstcs center s locaton can help reuce transport costs conserably. What s more, t can tackle some problems that exst n Jln provnce s logstcs nustry an promote economc evelopment of Jln provnce sgnfcantly. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Founaton tem: plannng tem of technology evelopment for Jln cty:

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