UAV assessment to support EU policies

Transcription

1 UAV assessment to support EU policies Elena Roglia Max Craglia Serving society Stimulating innovation Supporting legislation

2 Sistema di Monitoraggio Avanzato del Territorio SMAT SMAT Project aims at studying and demonstrating a surveillance system, to support: prevention and control of a wide range of natural events (fires, floods,landslides) environment protection against human intervention (traffic, urban planning, pollution and cultivation)

3 3

4 4

5 SMAT architecture SMAT-F1, was the first phase of SMAT project and aimed to demonstrate an integrated use of three Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) platforms inside of a primary scenario, relevant for the Piedmont Region. 5

6 Before mission: mission planning, UAS tasks allocation. During mission: mission monitoring, data collection from the CSs, operator support in the interaction with the system After mission: conclusive report and Second Level Exploitation of data. SSC

7 Second Level Exploitation activity analyze and correlate data collected during missions allow visualization, re-processing and retrieval of data according to users needs Provide a mechanism to retrieve and search metadata 7

8 Metadata Retrieval and Search Add metadata to geo-referenced objects related to missions stored in the SSC database Airport Target Route Waypoints & Flown Points Metadata are annotations provided by users of an open, collaborative system 8

9 EnviroDrones Exploratory Research on New Information Sources and Data Integration Investigate the potential of UAS for environmental applications, and identify implications for European policy. Develop INSPIRE-compliant communication protocols for mobile sensors 9

10 INSPIRE Directive 2007/02/EC The INSPIRE Directive lays down general rules to establish an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe for the purposes of Community environmental policies and policies or activities which may have an impact on the environment This decentralised infrastructure is built on the infrastructures for spatial information established and operated by the Member States JRC is the technical coordinator 1. Metadata 2. Interoperability of spatial data sets and services 3. Network services (discovery, view, download, transform, invoke) 4. Data and Service sharing (policy ) 5. Coordination and measures for monitoring & reporting

11 INSPIRE Thematic Scope Annex I 1. Coordinate reference systems 2. Geographical grid systems 3. Geographical names 4. Administrative units 5. Addresses 6. Cadastral parcels 7. Transport networks 8. Hydrography 9. Protected sites Annex II 1. Elevation 2. Land cover 3. Ortho-imagery 4. Geology Annex III 1. Statistical units 2. Buildings 3. Soil 4. Land use 5. Human health and safety 6. Utility and governmental services 7. Environmental monitoring facilities 8. Production and industrial facilities 9. Agricultural and aquaculture facilities 10.Population distribution demography 11. Area management/ restriction/regulation zones & reporting units 12. Natural risk zones 13. Atmospheric conditions 14. Meteorological geographical features 15. Oceanographic geographical features 16. Sea regions 17. Bio-geographical regions 18. Habitats and biotopes 19. Species distribution 20. Energy Resources 21. Mineral resources

12 Interoperability Starting point user user Access to different data several formats and semantic structures lack of interoperability dataset dataset dataset

13 Interoperability... The objective of INSPIRE user user Provide access to harmonized data at EU level Data sets used in Member States may stay as they are Network Service Network Service Network Service Harmonization through transformation services that can "translate" data based on a data model agreed between the European Member States dataset dataset dataset

14 Deepening INSPIRE: Air Quality reporting pilot Using INSPIRE for enabling access to comparable near real-time air quality information Cooperation between DG ENV, JRC, EEA and MS volunteers Future extensions in others INSPIRE thematic areas. Conformant with INSPIRE & existing reporting data flows between MSs and the EEA Extension of the data model for mobile sensors

15 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Category Micro/Mini UAV (MUAV) or Low Altitude Short Endurance (LASE) Range (km) Flight Altitude (m) Endurance (h) MTOW (kg) < < 2 < 30 Example md4-200, Nano Hummingbird Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) > , ,500-7,000 Talarion, Predator, Heron High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) > 2,000 20, ,500-15,000 Global Hawk Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL UAV) < 200 < 6,000 < 8 < 1,400 Nano Hummingbird, MQ-8 Fire Scout Source: Adapted from Blyenburgh (2011, 120) 15

16 (Dis)Advantages of UAV + Low-cost (MUAV/LASE) + comparatively high endurance (MALE/HALE) + Increased safety for operating personnel + Flexible sensor payload + Very high resolution (cm) absence of a legal and regulatory framework the political and societal acceptance high development and procurement costs (MALE/HALE) short endurance and low speed (MUAV/LASE) Need for miniaturizing instrumentation Need for experience to operate UAV systems Coverage not intended for covering EU / countries 16

17 UAV market in commercial sectors (Source: Frost & Sullivan) Estimated UAV market (Source: Frost & Sullivan)

18 UAV forecast A recent study on robotics industry forecasts that UAVs will generate $13.6 billion in economic impact in the first three years of operation in the U.S. It is predicted more than 70,000 new jobs created in the first three years. It is predicted a market of roughly 10,000 active commercial UAVs in five years 90% of the potential UAV market would be for agriculture and public safety source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada JRC

19 European Commission Initiatives Hearing conducted on 8 October 2009 on Light UAS (DG MOVE) High Level Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems 1st July 2010 (European Commission and the European Defense Agency) Five workshops in : Resulted in the European RPAS(remotely piloted aircraft systems community) Steering Group

20 Example of civil application: Scientific Research and Environmental Monitoring Precision Agriculture and policy monitoring

21 source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada JRC

22 source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada JRC

23 source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada JRC

24 source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada JRC

25 source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada JRC

26 source: Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada JRC

27 Some Conclusions» Discussion regarding Unmanned vs Manned vs Satellite is unnecessary complement each other (satellite + UAV OR manned)» Imagery from UAVs superior in spatial & spectral resolution (but smaller coverage) to satellites (larger coverage)» EU end users request products derived from UAVs and aircraft that satellites cannot provide critical for monitoring agricultural & environmental resources» As part of the new CAP there is a need to monitor specific targets / elements which are difficult with current standard satellites: water for irrigation / soil cover / practices to limit erosion / landscape features / measures to avoid invasive plant species

28