FORAGE 2017 PLANNING BUDGETS. Mississippi State University Department of Agricultural Economics Budget Report

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1 FORAGE 2017 PLANNING BUDGETS Mississippi State University Department of Agricultural Economics Budget Report November 2016

5 Foreword This report is designed to provide necessary planning data to farmers, research and extension staffs, lending agencies, and others in agriculture. Estimated costs for land, management, and general farm overhead are not included in this report. Acknowledgments A list of individuals who contributed to the development of the agricultural enterprise budgets follows this acknowledgment. The administrative committee structure and enterprise committees have shown a spirit of cooperation seldom found when so many work together. A team effort has led to many improvements in the budgets over the years. Special appreciation is expressed to farm supply dealers, equipment dealers, custom operators, and chemical companies who provided prices for crop production inputs. Acknowledgment is made to the Mississippi State University Extension Service, the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, and the United States Agricultural Research Service staffs for the excellent cooperation that made this report possible. The mention in this report of any commercial product does not imply its endorsement by MSU-ES, MAFES, or USDA over other products not named nor does the omission imply they are not satisfactory.

6 ii 2017 Budget Committees Forage Committee Bryon Parman, MSU-ES, Chairman John Byrd, MSU-ES Rocky Lemus. MSU-ES Larry Oldham, MSU-ES Supporting Committees Equipment Larry Falconer, MSU-ES, Chairman W. Gail Gillis, MSU-ES Dave Sites, MAFES Prices Larry Falconer, MSU-ES, Chairman W. Gail Gillis, MSU-ES Dave Sites, MAFES Documentation and Data Processing Larry Falconer, MSU-ES, Chairman W. Gail Gillis, MSU-ES Dave Sites, MAFES Publication Review Larry Falconer, MSU-ES, Chairman Bryon Parman, MSU-ES W. Gail Gillis, MSU-ES Dave Sites, MAFES

7 Table of Contents Foreword... i Acknowledgments... i 2017 Budget Committees... ii 2017 Planning Budgets...1 Budgets for Agricultural Enterprises...1 Methods and Procedures...1 Production Practices...1 Machinery...1 Estimates of Direct Costs...2 Estimates of Fixed Costs...2 Page Enterprise Budgets Table 1 Alfalfa hay establishment, prepared seedbed Alfalfa hay maintennce Bahiagrass establishment, prepared seedbed Bahiagrass establishment, no-till Common Bermuda establishment, prepared seedbed Common Bermuda establishment, no-till Permanent summer pasture maintenance (i.e. bahia, bermuda, dallisgrass, mixed grasses) Permanent summer grass-white clover pasture maintenance, North Mixed grass hay maintenance Hybrid Bermuda establishment, 1 cutting of hay Hybrid Bermuda hay maintenance Overseeded annual (min till) ryegrass pasture maintenance... 26

8 iv 13 Tall fescue-white clover pasture establishment, prepared seedbed, North Tall fescue-white clover pasture establishment, novel/endophyte free, sod-seeding, North Tall fescue-white clover pasture maintenance, novel/endophyte free, sod-seeding, North No-till renovation of old tall fescue pasture with novel endophyte tall fescue, North Ryegrass annual pasture, prepared seedbed Ryegrass-wheat annual pasture, prepared seedbed No-till ryegrass into volunteer summer grasses Sorghum sudan/millet/sudangrass annual hay Sorghum sudan/millet/sudangrass annual pasture Corn silage, non-irrigated Sorghum silage Appendix Table 1 Tractors/Harvesters: estimated purchase price, annual use, useful life, fuel use, and direct and fixed costs per hour Towed equipment: estimated purchase price, annual use, useful life, performance rate, and direct and fixed costs per acre Operating inputs: estimated prices Estimated fuel prices and interest rates Labor wage rates Literature Cited... 57

9 2017 Planning Budgets Budgets for Agricultural Enterprises This publication provides economic and technical information in the form of enterprise budgets for forage crops produced by Mississippi farmers. A multidisciplinary approach involving researchers and extension personnel was used to determine production practices and input quantities, and to estimate costs for each enterprise (14). The purpose of this section is to present the methods and procedures used to calculate costs for each budget included in this publication. Enterprise budgets represent a type of information that can be used by a wide variety of individuals in making decisions in the food and fiber industry. They are used: - by farmers for planning, - by extension personnel in providing educational programs to farmers, - by lenders as a basis for credit, - to provide basic data for research, and - to inform non-farmers of the costs incurred by farmers in the production of food and fiber crops. A budget should be prepared with a specific objective in mind. The budgets in this report were prepared to provide general information for several different uses. They provide information concerning general levels of costs which will need to be adjusted for specific situations. Most users should think of these budgets as a first approximation and then make appropriate adjustments using the "Your Farm" column provided on each budget to add, delete, or change costs to reflect their specific situations. Methods and Procedures Production Practices The production practices listed in each budget are the result of a combined effort by researchers and extension personnel to represent those practices that producers could use in a specific production system. Producers might use different practices in their own operations. If different types and quantities of operating inputs are to be used, then the budgeted expenses should be changed to more accurately reflect actual input usage. Committees made up of appropriate disciplines from the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, the Mississippi State University Extension Service, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture review and update the practices in the budgets every year. The updates are based on the individual and collective judgment of the committee members. Quantities of materials listed in each budget are based on generally accepted recommendations. Machinery Machinery manufacturers form the basis for machinery prices used in these publications. Prices by size of equipment are determined from the most common sales in each category as reported by machinery dealers. Prices used in the budgets reflect prices paid by farmers in (Appendix Tables 1 and 2). A performance rate reflects the time required to perform a given task or operation and is expressed as that part of an hour per acre. Previous studies and expert knowledge of the equipment committee members are used to estimate performance rates for new and larger equipment (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 13). The hours of annual use have been modified based on information collected from the cited studies (3, 4, 6, and 7). Repairs and maintenance as a percentage of new cost are estimated for the life of the equipment and include oil and lubricants (1, 4, and 6).

10 2 Estimates of Direct Costs Direct costs include estimated costs of repairs and maintenance (R&M) for all machinery and include fuel costs for powered machinery (Appendix Tables 1, 2, and 3). Direct costs are estimated on an hourly basis and are then converted to a per-acre basis using the performance rate for the particular operation. R&M costs for towed equipment and powered equipment are estimated as follows: Estimates of Fixed Costs Annual fixed cost estimates for machinery are based on a budgeting technique which computes the annual capital recovery charge (2, p. 143). When a combination of machines or equipment is required to perform a single operation, the total cost per acre for all equipment used in the operation is estimated. The fixed cost of machinery ownership is calculated by first computing the capital recovery factor and then using it to estimate the annual capital recovery charge. RPH = RLC x RP THL RPA = RPH x PR CRF = IIR -TYL 1 (1 + IIR) where: RPH = R&M cost per hour of use RLC = Replacement cost of machine RP = R&M percentage (percent of RLC) THL = Total hours of machine life RPA = R&M cost per acre PR = Performance rate Direct costs include an estimate of fuel cost based on average fuel consumption per hour of use for the power unit. Other components of direct costs include quantities of materials used in production multiplied by the price per unit of these inputs, custom rates, hourly wage rates, and interest charges on short-term capital (Appendix Tables 4, 5, and 6). The labor wage rate per hour includes social security, accident and unemployment insurance, and some perquisites (11). Labor costs are estimated for four labor categories: operator labor and hand labor. Operator labor and hand labor represent estimates of labor required to perform the in-field tasks. Operator labor is that labor required to operate all power-driven equipment Interest on operating capital is determined by using a short-term interest rate obtained from agricultural lenders and making a charge against capital outflows as the production process takes place. Interest is accumulated until the crop is harvested. where: CRF = Capital recovery factor IIR = Intermediate-term interest rate TYL = Total years of life where: CRCPY = [(RLC SV) x CRF] + (SV x IIR) CRCPY = Capital recovery charge per year RLC = Replacement cost SV = Salvage value (at end of useful life) This value is then converted to its per-hour and peracre equivalent values: where: CRCPH = CRCPY HAU CRCPA = CRCPH x PR CRCPH = Capital recovery charge per hour HAU = Hours of annual use CRCPA = Capital recovery charge per acre PR = Performance rate

11 Enterprise Budgets

12 4 Table 1.A Estimated resource use and costs for field operations, per acre Alfalfa hay establishment, prepared seed bed Mississippi, 2017 POWER UNIT COST EQUIPMENT COST ALLOC LABOR OPERATING/DURABLE INPUT OPERATION/ SIZE/ POWER UNIT PERF TIMES TOTAL OPERATING INPUT UNIT SIZE RATE OVER MTH DIRECT FIXED DIRECT FIXED HOURS COST AMOUNT PRICE COST COST Soil Test 6.00 acre 0.33 Aug Lime (Spread) ton 1.00 Aug Chisel Plow Rigid 15' 2WD Aug Disk Harrow 14' 2WD Aug Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Aug Buctril pt Clethodim oz Surfactant pt Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Sep Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Boron 15G lb Disk Harrow 14' 2WD Sep Section Harrow 13' 2WD Sep Grain Drill 12' 2WD Sep Alfalfa Seed lb Cultipacker 12' 2WD Sep TOTALS INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL 7.48 UNALLOCATED LABOR 0.00 TOTAL SPECIFIED COST

13 5 Table 1.B Estimated costs per acre Alfalfa hay establishment, prepared seed bed Mississippi, 2017 ITEM UNIT PRICE QUANTITY AMOUNT YOUR FARM DIRECT EXPENSES FERTILIZER Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Boron 15G lb HERBICIDE Buctril pt Clethodim oz SEED/PLANTS Alfalfa Seed lb ADJUVANTS Surfactant pt CUSTOM FERT Custom Spread(Truck) appl SERVICE FEE Soil Test 6.00 acre CUSTOM LIME Lime (Spread) ton OPERATOR LABOR Tractors hour HAND LABOR Implements hour DIESEL FUEL Tractors gal REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Implements acre Tractors acre INTEREST ON OP. CAP. acre TOTAL DIRECT EXPENSES FIXED EXPENSES Implements acre Tractors acre TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES TOTAL SPECIFIED EXPENSES

14 6 Table 2.A Estimated resource use and costs for field operations, per acre Alfalfa hay maintenance Mississippi, 2017 POWER UNIT COST EQUIPMENT COST ALLOC LABOR OPERATING/DURABLE INPUT OPERATION/ SIZE/ POWER UNIT PERF TIMES TOTAL OPERATING INPUT UNIT SIZE RATE OVER MTH DIRECT FIXED DIRECT FIXED HOURS COST AMOUNT PRICE COST COST Soil Test 6.00 acre 0.33 Nov Lime (Spread) ton 1.00 Nov Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Nov Metribuzin 75 lb Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Mar Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Boron 15G lb Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Mar Pursuit oz Surfactant pt Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Mar Mustang Max oz Hay Cut-Cond 9' 2WD May Hay Tedder 17' 2WD May Hay Rake-Double 17' 2WD May Hay Baler Conv 2WD May Twine bun Hay Trailer 20' 2WD May Hay Haul (Conv) ton Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD May Gramoxone SL 2.0 oz Surfactant pt Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Jun Mustang Max oz Hay Cut-Cond 9' 2WD Jun Hay Tedder 17' 2WD Jun Hay Rake-Double 17' 2WD Jun Hay Baler Conv 2WD Jun Twine bun Hay Trailer 20' 2WD Jun Hay Haul (Conv) ton Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Jun Gramoxone SL 2.0 oz Surfactant pt Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Jun Poast pt Crop Oil Conc.(Pet.) pt Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Jul Potash (60% K2O) cwt Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Aug Mustang Max oz Hay Cut-Cond 9' 2WD Aug Hay Tedder 17' 2WD Aug Hay Rake-Double 17' 2WD Aug Hay Baler Conv 2WD Aug Twine bun Hay Trailer 20' 2WD Aug Hay Haul (Conv) ton Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Aug Gramoxone SL 2.0 oz Surfactant pt Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Sep Mustang Max oz Hay Cut-Cond 9' 2WD Sep Hay Tedder 17' 2WD Sep Hay Rake-Double 17' 2WD Sep Hay Baler Conv 2WD Sep Twine bun Hay Trailer 20' 2WD Sep Hay Haul (Conv) ton Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Sep Gramoxone SL 2.0 oz Surfactant pt TOTALS INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL 4.07 UNALLOCATED LABOR 0.00 TOTAL SPECIFIED COST

15 7 Table 2.B Estimated costs per acre Alfalfa hay maintenance Mississippi, 2017 ITEM UNIT PRICE QUANTITY AMOUNT YOUR FARM DIRECT EXPENSES FERTILIZER Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Boron 15G lb HERBICIDE Metribuzin 75 lb Pursuit oz Gramoxone SL 2.0 oz Poast pt INSECTICIDE Mustang Max oz HAUL Hay Haul (Conv) ton OTHER Twine bun ADJUVANTS Surfactant pt Crop Oil Conc.(Pet.) pt CUSTOM FERT Custom Spread(Truck) appl SERVICE FEE Soil Test 6.00 acre CUSTOM LIME Lime (Spread) ton OPERATOR LABOR Tractors hour HAND LABOR Implements hour DIESEL FUEL Tractors gal REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Implements acre Tractors acre INTEREST ON OP. CAP. acre TOTAL DIRECT EXPENSES FIXED EXPENSES Implements acre Tractors acre TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES TOTAL SPECIFIED EXPENSES

16 8 Table 3.A Estimated resource use and costs for field operations, per acre Bahiagrass establishment, prepared seedbed Mississippi, 2017 POWER UNIT COST EQUIPMENT COST ALLOC LABOR OPERATING/DURABLE INPUT OPERATION/ SIZE/ POWER UNIT PERF TIMES TOTAL OPERATING INPUT UNIT SIZE RATE OVER MTH DIRECT FIXED DIRECT FIXED HOURS COST AMOUNT PRICE COST COST Chisel Plow Rigid 15' 2WD Mar Soil Test 6.00 acre 0.33 Apr Lime (Spread) ton 0.33 Apr Disk Harrow 14' 2WD Apr Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Apr Glyphosate 3lbs a.e. pt Surfactant pt Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Apr Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Disk Harrow 14' 2WD Apr Section Harrow 13' 2WD Apr Cyclone Spin 750 lb 2WD Apr Bahiagrass Seed lb Cultipacker 12' 2WD Apr Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Jun Fert S cwt Rotary Mower 12' 2WD Jun TOTALS INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL 6.09 UNALLOCATED LABOR 0.00 TOTAL SPECIFIED COST

17 9 Table 3.B Estimated costs per acre Bahiagrass establishment, prepared seedbed Mississippi, 2017 ITEM UNIT PRICE QUANTITY AMOUNT YOUR FARM DIRECT EXPENSES FERTILIZER Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Fert S cwt HERBICIDE Glyphosate 3lbs a.e. pt SEED/PLANTS Bahiagrass Seed lb ADJUVANTS Surfactant pt CUSTOM FERT Custom Spread(Truck) appl SERVICE FEE Soil Test 6.00 acre CUSTOM LIME Lime (Spread) ton OPERATOR LABOR Tractors hour HAND LABOR Implements hour DIESEL FUEL Tractors gal REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Implements acre Tractors acre INTEREST ON OP. CAP. acre TOTAL DIRECT EXPENSES FIXED EXPENSES Implements acre Tractors acre TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES TOTAL SPECIFIED EXPENSES

18 10 Table 4.A Estimated resource use and costs for field operations, per acre Bahiagrass establishment, no-till Mississippi, 2017 POWER UNIT COST EQUIPMENT COST ALLOC LABOR OPERATING/DURABLE INPUT OPERATION/ SIZE/ POWER UNIT PERF TIMES TOTAL OPERATING INPUT UNIT SIZE RATE OVER MTH DIRECT FIXED DIRECT FIXED HOURS COST AMOUNT PRICE COST COST Chisel Plow Rigid 15' 2WD Mar Soil Test 6.00 acre 0.33 Apr Lime (Spread) ton 0.33 Apr Spray (Broadcast) 27' MFWD Apr Glyphosate 3lbs a.e. pt Surfactant pt Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Apr Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt NT Grain Drill 12' 2WD Apr Bahiagrass Seed lb Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Jun Fert S cwt Rotary Mower 12' 2WD Jun TOTALS INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL 5.82 UNALLOCATED LABOR 0.00 TOTAL SPECIFIED COST

19 11 Table 4.B Estimated costs per acre Bahiagrass establishment, no-till Mississippi, 2017 ITEM UNIT PRICE QUANTITY AMOUNT YOUR FARM DIRECT EXPENSES FERTILIZER Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Fert S cwt HERBICIDE Glyphosate 3lbs a.e. pt SEED/PLANTS Bahiagrass Seed lb ADJUVANTS Surfactant pt CUSTOM FERT Custom Spread(Truck) appl SERVICE FEE Soil Test 6.00 acre CUSTOM LIME Lime (Spread) ton OPERATOR LABOR Tractors hour HAND LABOR Implements hour DIESEL FUEL Tractors gal REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Implements acre Tractors acre INTEREST ON OP. CAP. acre TOTAL DIRECT EXPENSES FIXED EXPENSES Implements acre Tractors acre TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES TOTAL SPECIFIED EXPENSES

20 12 Table 5.A Estimated resource use and costs for field operations, per acre Common bermuda establishment, prepared seedbed Mississippi, 2017 POWER UNIT COST EQUIPMENT COST ALLOC LABOR OPERATING/DURABLE INPUT OPERATION/ SIZE/ POWER UNIT PERF TIMES TOTAL OPERATING INPUT UNIT SIZE RATE OVER MTH DIRECT FIXED DIRECT FIXED HOURS COST AMOUNT PRICE COST COST Chisel Plow Rigid 15' 2WD Mar Soil Test 6.00 acre 0.33 Apr Lime (Spread) ton 0.33 Apr Disk Harrow 14' 2WD Apr Spray (Broadcast) 27' MFWD Apr Glyphosate 3lbs a.e. pt Surfactant pt Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Apr Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Disk Harrow 14' 2WD Apr Section Harrow 13' 2WD Apr Cyclone Spin 750 lb 2WD Apr Common Bermuda Seed lb Cultipacker 12' 2WD Apr Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Jun Fert S cwt Rotary Mower 12' 2WD Jun TOTALS INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL 5.03 UNALLOCATED LABOR 0.00 TOTAL SPECIFIED COST

21 13 Table 5.B Estimated costs per acre Common bermuda establishment, prepared seedbed Mississippi, 2017 ITEM UNIT PRICE QUANTITY AMOUNT YOUR FARM DIRECT EXPENSES FERTILIZER Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Fert S cwt HERBICIDE Glyphosate 3lbs a.e. pt SEED/PLANTS Common Bermuda Seed lb ADJUVANTS Surfactant pt CUSTOM FERT Custom Spread(Truck) appl SERVICE FEE Soil Test 6.00 acre CUSTOM LIME Lime (Spread) ton OPERATOR LABOR Tractors hour HAND LABOR Implements hour DIESEL FUEL Tractors gal REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Implements acre Tractors acre INTEREST ON OP. CAP. acre TOTAL DIRECT EXPENSES FIXED EXPENSES Implements acre Tractors acre TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES TOTAL SPECIFIED EXPENSES

22 14 Table 6.A Estimated resource use and costs for field operations, per acre Common bermuda establishment, no-till Mississippi, 2017 POWER UNIT COST EQUIPMENT COST ALLOC LABOR OPERATING/DURABLE INPUT OPERATION/ SIZE/ POWER UNIT PERF TIMES TOTAL OPERATING INPUT UNIT SIZE RATE OVER MTH DIRECT FIXED DIRECT FIXED HOURS COST AMOUNT PRICE COST COST Chisel Plow Rigid 15' 2WD Mar Soil Test 6.00 acre 0.33 Apr Lime (Spread) ton 0.33 Apr Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Apr Glyphosate 3lbs a.e. pt Surfactant pt Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Apr Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt NT Grain Drill 12' 2WD Apr Common Bermuda Seed lb Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Jun Fert S cwt Rotary Mower 12' 2WD Jun TOTALS INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL 4.76 UNALLOCATED LABOR 0.00 TOTAL SPECIFIED COST

23 15 Table 6.B Estimated costs per acre Common bermuda establishment, no-till Mississippi, 2017 ITEM UNIT PRICE QUANTITY AMOUNT YOUR FARM DIRECT EXPENSES FERTILIZER Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Fert S cwt HERBICIDE Glyphosate 3lbs a.e. pt SEED/PLANTS Common Bermuda Seed lb ADJUVANTS Surfactant pt CUSTOM FERT Custom Spread(Truck) appl SERVICE FEE Soil Test 6.00 acre CUSTOM LIME Lime (Spread) ton OPERATOR LABOR Tractors hour HAND LABOR Implements hour DIESEL FUEL Tractors gal REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Implements acre Tractors acre INTEREST ON OP. CAP. acre TOTAL DIRECT EXPENSES FIXED EXPENSES Implements acre Tractors acre TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES TOTAL SPECIFIED EXPENSES

24 16 Table 7.A Estimated resource use and costs for field operations, per acre Permanent summer pasture maintenance (i.e. bahia, bermuda, mixed grasses), Mississippi, 2017 POWER UNIT COST EQUIPMENT COST ALLOC LABOR OPERATING/DURABLE INPUT OPERATION/ SIZE/ POWER UNIT PERF TIMES TOTAL OPERATING INPUT UNIT SIZE RATE OVER MTH DIRECT FIXED DIRECT FIXED HOURS COST AMOUNT PRICE COST COST Soil Test 6.00 acre 0.33 Apr Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Apr Fert S cwt Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Apr GrazonNext pt Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Jun Fert S cwt Rotary Mower 12' 2WD Aug Lime (Spread) ton 1.00 Aug Prorated Est Cost acre Aug TOTALS INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL 3.91 UNALLOCATED LABOR 0.00 TOTAL SPECIFIED COST

25 17 Table 7.B Estimated costs per acre Permanent summer pasture maintenance (i.e. bahia, bermuda, mixed grasses),mississippi, 2017 ITEM UNIT PRICE QUANTITY AMOUNT YOUR FARM DIRECT EXPENSES FERTILIZER Fert S cwt Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt HERBICIDE GrazonNext pt CUSTOM FERT Custom Spread(Truck) appl SERVICE FEE Soil Test 6.00 acre CUSTOM LIME Lime (Spread) ton OPERATOR LABOR Tractors hour HAND LABOR Implements hour DIESEL FUEL Tractors gal REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Implements acre Tractors acre INTEREST ON OP. CAP. acre TOTAL DIRECT EXPENSES FIXED EXPENSES Implements acre Tractors acre Prorated Est Cost acre TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES TOTAL SPECIFIED EXPENSES Fertilization decisions should be based on soil test recommendations

26 18 Table 8.A Estimated resource use and costs for field operations, per acre Permanent summer grass-white clover pasture maintenance North Mississippi, 2017 POWER UNIT COST EQUIPMENT COST ALLOC LABOR OPERATING/DURABLE INPUT OPERATION/ SIZE/ POWER UNIT PERF TIMES TOTAL OPERATING INPUT UNIT SIZE RATE OVER MTH DIRECT FIXED DIRECT FIXED HOURS COST AMOUNT PRICE COST COST Rotary Mower 12' 2WD Jun Soil Test 6.00 acre 0.33 Jun Lime (Spread) ton 0.33 Jun Rotary Mower 12' 2WD Sep Tailgate Seeder 2WD Sep White Clover Seed lb Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Oct Fert S cwt Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Prorated Est Cost acre Jan TOTALS INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL 2.14 UNALLOCATED LABOR 0.00 TOTAL SPECIFIED COST

27 19 Table 8.B Estimated costs per acre Permanent summer grass-white clover pasture maintenance North Mississippi, 2017 ITEM UNIT PRICE QUANTITY AMOUNT YOUR FARM DIRECT EXPENSES FERTILIZER Fert S cwt Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt SEED/PLANTS White Clover Seed lb CUSTOM FERT Custom Spread(Truck) appl SERVICE FEE Soil Test 6.00 acre CUSTOM LIME Lime (Spread) ton OPERATOR LABOR Tractors hour DIESEL FUEL Tractors gal REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Implements acre Tractors acre INTEREST ON OP. CAP. acre TOTAL DIRECT EXPENSES FIXED EXPENSES Implements acre Tractors acre Prorated Est Cost acre TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES TOTAL SPECIFIED EXPENSES

28 20 Table 9.A Estimated resource use and costs for field operations, per acre Mixed grass hay maintenance Mississippi, 2017 POWER UNIT COST EQUIPMENT COST ALLOC LABOR OPERATING/DURABLE INPUT OPERATION/ SIZE/ POWER UNIT PERF TIMES TOTAL OPERATING INPUT UNIT SIZE RATE OVER MTH DIRECT FIXED DIRECT FIXED HOURS COST AMOUNT PRICE COST COST Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Mar GrazonNext pt Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Apr Fert S cwt Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Hay Disc Mower 8' 2WD Jun Hay Rake 8.5' 2WD Jun Hay Baler Lg Round 2WD Jun Twine bun Hay Carrier 1B Lift 2WD Jun Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Jun Fert S cwt Hay Disc Mower 8' 2WD Jul Hay Rake 8.5' 2WD Jul Hay Baler Lg Round 2WD Jul Twine bun Hay Carrier 1B Lift 2WD Jul Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Jul Fert S cwt Hay Disc Mower 8' 2WD Oct Hay Rake 8.5' 2WD Oct Hay Baler Lg Round 2WD Oct Twine bun Hay Carrier 1B Lift 2WD Oct Soil Testing.60 acre 1.00 Oct Lime (Spread) ton 1.00 Oct Prorated Est Cost acre Oct TOTALS INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL 5.21 UNALLOCATED LABOR 0.00 TOTAL SPECIFIED COST

29 21 Table 9.B Estimated costs per acre Mixed grass hay maintenance Mississippi, 2017 ITEM UNIT PRICE QUANTITY AMOUNT YOUR FARM DIRECT EXPENSES FERTILIZER Fert S cwt Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt HERBICIDE GrazonNext pt OTHER Twine bun CUSTOM FERT Custom Spread(Truck) appl SERVICE FEE Soil Testing.60 acre CUSTOM LIME Lime (Spread) ton OPERATOR LABOR Tractors hour HAND LABOR Implements hour DIESEL FUEL Tractors gal REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Implements acre Tractors acre INTEREST ON OP. CAP. acre TOTAL DIRECT EXPENSES FIXED EXPENSES Implements acre Tractors acre Prorated Est Cost acre TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES TOTAL SPECIFIED EXPENSES

30 22 Table 10.A Estimated resource use and costs for field operations, per acre Hybrid bermuda establishment, 1 cutting of hay Mississippi, 2017 POWER UNIT COST EQUIPMENT COST ALLOC LABOR OPERATING/DURABLE INPUT OPERATION/ SIZE/ POWER UNIT PERF TIMES TOTAL OPERATING INPUT UNIT SIZE RATE OVER MTH DIRECT FIXED DIRECT FIXED HOURS COST AMOUNT PRICE COST COST Chisel Plow Rigid 15' 2WD Mar Soil Test 6.00 acre 0.33 Apr Lime (Spread) ton 0.33 Apr Disk Harrow 14' 2WD Apr Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Apr Fert S cwt Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Custom Sprig acre 1.00 May Cultipacker 12' 2WD May Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD May Diuron 4L pt Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Jun Fert S cwt Hay Disc Mower 8' 2WD Aug Hay Tedder 17' 2WD Aug Hay Rake-Double 17' 2WD Aug Hay Baler Lg Round 2WD Aug Twine bun TOTALS INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL 6.65 UNALLOCATED LABOR 0.00 TOTAL SPECIFIED COST

31 23 Table 10.B Estimated costs per acre Hybrid bermuda establishment, 1 cutting of hay Mississippi, 2017 ITEM UNIT PRICE QUANTITY AMOUNT YOUR FARM DIRECT EXPENSES FERTILIZER Fert S cwt Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt HERBICIDE Diuron 4L pt OTHER Twine bun CUSTOM FERT Custom Spread(Truck) appl SERVICE FEE Soil Test 6.00 acre CUSTOM PLANT Custom Sprig acre CUSTOM LIME Lime (Spread) ton OPERATOR LABOR Tractors hour HAND LABOR Implements hour DIESEL FUEL Tractors gal REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Implements acre Tractors acre INTEREST ON OP. CAP. acre TOTAL DIRECT EXPENSES FIXED EXPENSES Implements acre Tractors acre TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES TOTAL SPECIFIED EXPENSES

32 24 Table 11.A Estimated resource use and costs for field operations, per acre Hybrid bermuda hay maintenance Mississippi, 2017 POWER UNIT COST EQUIPMENT COST ALLOC LABOR OPERATING/DURABLE INPUT OPERATION/ SIZE/ POWER UNIT PERF TIMES TOTAL OPERATING INPUT UNIT SIZE RATE OVER MTH DIRECT FIXED DIRECT FIXED HOURS COST AMOUNT PRICE COST COST Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Mar GrazonNext pt Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Apr Fert S cwt Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Hay Disc Mower 8' 2WD Jun Hay Tedder 17' 2WD Jun Hay Rake-Double 17' 2WD Jun Hay Baler Lg Round 2WD Jun Twine bun Hay Carrier 1B Lift 2WD Jun Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Jun Fert S cwt Hay Disc Mower 8' 2WD Jul Hay Tedder 17' 2WD Jul Hay Rake-Double 17' 2WD Jul Hay Baler Lg Round 2WD Jul Twine bun Hay Carrier 1B Lift 2WD Jul Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Jul Fert S cwt Soil Testing.60 acre 1.00 Aug Lime (Spread) ton 1.00 Aug Hay Disc Mower 8' 2WD Aug Hay Tedder 17' 2WD Aug Hay Rake-Double 17' 2WD Aug Hay Baler Lg Round 2WD Aug Twine bun Hay Carrier 1B Lift 2WD Aug Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Aug Fert S cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Hay Disc Mower 8' 2WD Sep Hay Tedder 17' 2WD Sep Hay Rake-Double 17' 2WD Sep Hay Baler Lg Round 2WD Sep Twine bun Hay Carrier 1B Lift 2WD Sep Prorated Est Cost acre Sep TOTALS INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL 7.09 UNALLOCATED LABOR 0.00 TOTAL SPECIFIED COST Fertilization decisions should be based on soil tests.

33 25 Table 11.B Estimated costs per acre Hybrid bermuda hay maintenance Mississippi, 2017 ITEM UNIT PRICE QUANTITY AMOUNT YOUR FARM DIRECT EXPENSES FERTILIZER Fert S cwt Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt HERBICIDE GrazonNext pt OTHER Twine bun CUSTOM FERT Custom Spread(Truck) appl SERVICE FEE Soil Testing.60 acre CUSTOM LIME Lime (Spread) ton OPERATOR LABOR Tractors hour HAND LABOR Implements hour DIESEL FUEL Tractors gal REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Implements acre Tractors acre INTEREST ON OP. CAP. acre TOTAL DIRECT EXPENSES FIXED EXPENSES Implements acre Tractors acre Prorated Est Cost acre TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES TOTAL SPECIFIED EXPENSES

34 26 Table 12.A Estimated resource use and costs for field operations, per acre Overseeded annual(min till)ryegrass pasture maintenance Mississippi, 2017 POWER UNIT COST EQUIPMENT COST ALLOC LABOR OPERATING/DURABLE INPUT OPERATION/ SIZE/ POWER UNIT PERF TIMES TOTAL OPERATING INPUT UNIT SIZE RATE OVER MTH DIRECT FIXED DIRECT FIXED HOURS COST AMOUNT PRICE COST COST Soil Test 6.00 acre 0.33 Aug Lime (Spread) ton 0.33 Aug Rotary Mower 12' 2WD Aug Disk Harrow 14' 2WD Oct Custom Spread + Seed appl 1.00 Oct Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Ryegrass Seed lb Section Harrow 13' 2WD Oct Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Feb Fert S cwt Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Mar Fert S cwt Rotary Mower 12' 2WD May Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Jun Weedmaster pt Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Jun Fert S cwt Prorated Est Cost acre Jun TOTALS INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL 3.35 UNALLOCATED LABOR 0.00 TOTAL SPECIFIED COST

35 27 Table 12.B Estimated costs per acre Overseeded annual(min till)ryegrass pasture maintenance Mississippi, 2017 ITEM UNIT PRICE QUANTITY AMOUNT YOUR FARM DIRECT EXPENSES FERTILIZER Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Fert S cwt HERBICIDE Weedmaster pt SEED/PLANTS Ryegrass Seed lb CUSTOM FERT Custom Spread(Truck) appl SERVICE FEE Soil Test 6.00 acre CUSTOM PLANT Custom Spread + Seed appl CUSTOM LIME Lime (Spread) ton OPERATOR LABOR Tractors hour HAND LABOR Implements hour DIESEL FUEL Tractors gal REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Implements acre Tractors acre INTEREST ON OP. CAP. acre TOTAL DIRECT EXPENSES FIXED EXPENSES Implements acre Tractors acre Prorated Est Cost acre TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES TOTAL SPECIFIED EXPENSES

36 28 Table 13.A Estimated resource use and costs for field operations, per acre Tall fescue-white clover pasture establishment, prepared seedbed, North Mississippi, 2017 POWER UNIT COST EQUIPMENT COST ALLOC LABOR OPERATING/DURABLE INPUT OPERATION/ SIZE/ POWER UNIT PERF TIMES TOTAL OPERATING INPUT UNIT SIZE RATE OVER MTH DIRECT FIXED DIRECT FIXED HOURS COST AMOUNT PRICE COST COST Soil Test 6.00 acre 0.33 Aug Lime (Spread) ton 0.33 Aug Chisel Plow Rigid 15' 2WD Aug Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Sep Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Disk Harrow 14' 2WD Sep Section Harrow 13' 2WD Sep Cyclone Spin 750 lb 2WD Sep Fescue Seed lb Cultipacker 12' 2WD Sep Tailgate Seeder 2WD Sep White Clover Seed lb Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Oct Fert S cwt TOTALS INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL 5.32 UNALLOCATED LABOR 0.00 TOTAL SPECIFIED COST

37 29 Table 13.B Estimated costs per acre Tall fescue-white clover pasture establishment, prepared seedbed, North Mississippi, 2017 ITEM UNIT PRICE QUANTITY AMOUNT YOUR FARM DIRECT EXPENSES FERTILIZER Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Fert S cwt SEED/PLANTS Fescue Seed lb White Clover Seed lb CUSTOM FERT Custom Spread(Truck) appl SERVICE FEE Soil Test 6.00 acre CUSTOM LIME Lime (Spread) ton OPERATOR LABOR Tractors hour HAND LABOR Implements hour DIESEL FUEL Tractors gal REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Implements acre Tractors acre INTEREST ON OP. CAP. acre TOTAL DIRECT EXPENSES FIXED EXPENSES Implements acre Tractors acre TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES TOTAL SPECIFIED EXPENSES

38 30 Table 14.A Estimated resource use and costs for field operations, per acre Tall fescue-white clover pasture establishment, novel/endophyte free, sod-seeding, North Mississippi, 2017 POWER UNIT COST EQUIPMENT COST ALLOC LABOR OPERATING/DURABLE INPUT OPERATION/ SIZE/ POWER UNIT PERF TIMES TOTAL OPERATING INPUT UNIT SIZE RATE OVER MTH DIRECT FIXED DIRECT FIXED HOURS COST AMOUNT PRICE COST COST Soil Test 6.00 acre 0.33 Aug Lime (Spread) ton 0.33 Aug Spray (Broadcast) 27' 2WD Sep Glyphosate 3lbs a.e. pt Custom Spread(Truck) appl 1.00 Sep Fert S cwt Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt Grain Drill 12' 2WD Sep Fescue Seed lb Grain Drill 12' 2WD Sep White Clover Seed lb TOTALS INTEREST ON OPERATING CAPITAL 5.04 UNALLOCATED LABOR 0.00 TOTAL SPECIFIED COST

39 31 Table 14.B Estimated costs per acre Tall fescue-white clover pasture establishment, novel/endophyte free, sod-seeding, North Mississippi, 2017 ITEM UNIT PRICE QUANTITY AMOUNT YOUR FARM DIRECT EXPENSES FERTILIZER Fert S cwt Phosphate (46% P2O5) cwt Potash (60% K2O) cwt HERBICIDE Glyphosate 3lbs a.e. pt SEED/PLANTS Fescue Seed lb White Clover Seed lb CUSTOM FERT Custom Spread(Truck) appl SERVICE FEE Soil Test 6.00 acre CUSTOM LIME Lime (Spread) ton OPERATOR LABOR Tractors hour HAND LABOR Implements hour DIESEL FUEL Tractors gal REPAIR & MAINTENANCE Implements acre Tractors acre INTEREST ON OP. CAP. acre TOTAL DIRECT EXPENSES FIXED EXPENSES Implements acre Tractors acre TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES 8.08 TOTAL SPECIFIED EXPENSES

MUSCADINE 2010 FRUIT AND NUT PLANNING BUDGETS. Mississippi State University Department of Agricultural Economics Budget Report

MUSCADINE 2010 FRUIT AND NUT PLANNING BUDGETS Mississippi State University Department of Agricultural Economics Budget Report 2010-04 June 2010 i Foreword This report is designed to provide necessary