Secure Middleware for Cold Chain Management

Transcription

1 Cold Chain Management Secure Middleware for Cold Chain Management December 22, 2008 Bonghee Hong, Prof Department Chair, Department of LIT, PNU Director of Institute of LIT

2 Table of Contents I Why Cold Chain Management II Why Secure Middleware III Issues of sensor tags IV Research issues of cold chain management V Architecture of Secure Middleware VI Summary 1

3 Why Cold Chain Management What is the Cold chain? The management of the temperature of perishable products in order to maintain quality and safety through the distribution chain Why is the cold chain important? Ensure that t perishable products are safe and of a pleasant quality at the point of consumption Cold chain management age e Monitor and manage temperature of sensitive products during transit 2

4 Why Cold Chain Management Current food distribution system Producing Preliminary Cold distribution center cold storage center Cold Transportation Consumer Can these eggs be fresh? Food distribution system using Cold Chain Management Producing Preliminary Cold distribution center cold storage center Cold Transportation Consumer What a fresh eggs! Through the Cold Chain Producing Environment information Cold storage State Warehouse temperature Smart Cold Chain System 3 Truck Temperature, location Display stand information Request food state Food state history Time Location Temp :00: :13: :10: :30:00 Hefei chicken farm Harbin Preliminary cold storage Tianjin Cold distribution Center Enter gate Tianjin Cold distribution Center Keeping Tianjin Cold distribution 13:10:00 Center delivery 6 gate :10:00 Beijing LotteMart 9

5 Why Cold Chain Management Cold chain logistics issues? and/or quality control issues? Temperature-sensitive products An airfreight shipment of broccoli from tree to table 39 steps, 23 players and 21 cold chain breaks Producer Temperature management Quality management Satisfy Consumer Confidence Increase Safety Increase safety Increase valid date Necessity of Cold Chain Technology Reduce Distribution cost Increase purchase Distributor Valid date management warehouse management Truck state management Cold warehouse Freshness visibility Consumer Prefer Well-being culture Changing consumer requirement Buy confident food Want safe food Absence of Management system Absence of Various Sensing technique Increase selling Seller Food floor management by temperature Selling period management Satisfy consumer s well-being requirement marketability maintenance 4

6 Why Cold Chain Management - safety - security - quality - logistics -sustainability

7 Why Cold Chain Management Food Freshness Shipping ratio Food Safety Distribution Cost Reasonable Price maintenance control insurance reduction Cold Chain Environment Awareness Processing Service Framework Cold Chain Management Middleware Technology Cold Chain Application program gas time temp Loc humid Real time Food state gas time temp Loc humid Real time Food state gas time temp Loc humid Real time Food state gas time temp Loc humid Frozen Food Export Food Fresh Food Processed Food Real time Food state 6

8 Why Secure Middleware Temperature control The heart of cold chain work RFID promises to become an important tool to assure that products will never be exposed to excessive heat or cold Sensor-equipped RFID tags Ability to continuously and seamlessly monitor an item s temperature Specialized RFID monitoring tags To monitor the shipping and handling of perishable products from food to pharmaceuticals To give continuous and accurate readings throughout the distribution process

9 Why Secure Middleware Precise, frequent and automated readings To give more intelligent goods management and fewer rejected shipments, says Bill Hardgrave, director of the RFID Research Center at the University of Arkansas The benefit is the visibility it gives you all along the supply ppy chain You can see what s happening with the product, whether it s temperature, humidity, shock or CO2 gas

10 Why Secure Middleware Cold chain pilot project Mike Nicometo,,global information systems director of Cool Chain Group, a third-party logistics provider located in Bremen, Germany Begin to view the cold chain as one of RFID s most promising frontiers Getting RFID into the cold chain is proving to be a formidable task High tag cost Low reliability Poor interoperability Cold chain RFID is a good idea in theory, but sparse real application

11 Why Secure Middleware Secure Middleware for Cold Chain Management productivity, cost synchronization minimize re-development cost for various cold chain application system by using Middleware secure reading and/or writing of sensor tags synchronously or asynchronously Support global standardization, interactivity and security complying with global standard, ISO, EPCglobal solve security weakness at sensor tag, reader, server and application service, like fabrication, distortion 10

12 Issues of Sensor Tags Tagging of a bunch of items by means of active sensor tag and semi-passive tag(1/3) Problems of tagging on box: active tag, or passive tag Active Reader problem Each active tag costs at least $10 battery problem Which type of sensor tag put on box? Active tag Reader problem Short range reading not possible to support alert msg unreliable reading Passive tag 11

13 Issues of Sensor Tags Modeling of packing/unpacking event with a sensor tag and multiple passive tags Using one active sensor tag + several passive sensor tags For box unit, attach a set of passive sensor tags, For pallet unit, attach an active sensor tag Box and Pallet separated Reader Box bound to the Pallet Reader 7 Packaging 7 Obtain 7 indirectly Event modeling of Packing, unpacking Unpackaging [Using Passive tag + Active tag] 12

14 Issues of Sensor Tags Packing/Unpacking Event Modeling by terms of a sensor tag and multiple passive tags Modeling of containment(to be able to trace temperature continuously) Containment between Case and pallet Containment between Pallet and truck Containment between Pallet and truck Disaggregated Data occurrence Parent Child Add Delete EPC EPC Time Time (Pallet) (Box) #11 #1 10:00 14:10 #11 #2 10:00 14:10 #12 #3 10:10 14:20 #12 #4 10:10 14:20 #13 #5 10:20 14:00 #13 #6 10:20 14:00 #21 #11 11:00 13:00 #21 #12 11:00 13:00 #21 #13 11:00 13:00 Event modeling for trace 13

15 Research Issues of Cold Chain Management RFID+Sensor+CCTV+GPS integrated management for situation awareness Problem of RFID monitoring Occur impossible area to trace temperature Attach active sensor tag to pallet impossible to trace temperature of each box by itself Back Room Difficult to trace temperature t when unloading box Passive tag on box: Impossible to trace temperature by themselves shop Unloading outdoor Unllading outdoor by shortage of Back room space Impossible to trace temperature of each box with passive-tag aisle Temperature management area Out of Temperature management area Unloading aisle by shortage of space Exposed to warm temperature Difficult to trace temperature t when unloading box 14

16 Research Issues of Cold Chain Management Tracing and Sensing Information reprsentation Tag ID, time, location, sensing value Reader R Recognition area tid TID8 In Out R L2 t4 t1 t3 t5 R L1 t2 NOW R t6 t7 R L3 L4 Re epresent movement of object to index L1:(x1,y1) L2:(x2,y2) L3:(x3,y3) L4:(x4,y4) TID8 Trace Query Fixed interval Growing interval FI1 FI2 FI3 GI1 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 MAX_TIME time Loc(x,y) Trace Query Of repository 15

17 Research Issues of Cold Chain Management Secure & Complete Reading Sensor tags should transmit completely all of the sensing value to middleware and then reset the memory of sensor tags Middleware Sensing data Read guarantee Smart Reader Reader Sensor Tag Remove Sensing data After Transmit 1 2 n Sensing data Sensing data X 16

18 Research Issues of Cold Chain Management Persistent Writing message loss or out of reader range Need to ensure writing of the write command from the middleware The concept of RF write transaction To be published in the proceeding of DASFAA 2009, Brisbane Australia Middleware X Wireless Network Write Request X Complete Message Smart Reader X Reader X 17

19 Research Issues of Cold Chain Management EPCglobal Sensor Network Architecture EPCglobal Network Extension Integration Sensor Information (1) Application Level Integration (2) EPCIS Level Integration (3) ALE Level Integration (4) Hardware Level Integration (1) EPCglobal Architecture EPCIS Accessing App EPCIS Query IF EPCIS Repository ONS IF ONS (2) EPCIS Capturing IF EPCIS Capturing AP ALE Interface Aggregated Transport Sensor Network (3) Filter & Collection Sensor BS Interface Reader IF Reader Mgmt BS or Sink EPC WSN Management Extension Reader Air protocol Reader Mgmt Air Protocol EPC Sensor (4) RF tag Sensor [EPCglobal Sensor Network Architecture] 18

20 Research Issues of Cold Chain Management Sensing event modeling for threshold value User wants to know just what s the value over the threshold value Huge volume of all of the sensing data Active Tag doesn t need to send normal sensing value User want to keep track of sensing value all the time Battery problem and limit of memory size Value Under Threshold value? Not Operator Sensing? Turn off the battery? Time threshold Turn off Battery 19

21 Architecture of Secure Middleware Web Service Query Service Layer Continuous Query Processor Callback Interface Scheduler Logger Continuous Query Manager Query Interface Query Parser Repository Layer Data source access Product Sensor Location CCTV Filter & Processing Layer Pattern Filter Smoothing Filter Message Dispatcher Message Executor Capture Layer Adaptor Framework Adaptor Manager Reader Adaptor Sensor Adaptor GPS Adaptor CCTV Adaptor Product data Product data Product data Sensor data Location data CCTV data CCTV data Sensor data Location data Sensor data Location data CCTV data 20

22 Summary Secure Middleware for Cold Chain Management Sensing & responding for Safety and Confidence. Need a secure middleware for Security vulnerability Falsification of sensing value Fabrication of monitoring data or report Issues of smart cold chain What s the best choice of tagging for box and pallet Secure Middleware Technology against falsification of sensing value How to extend RFID middleware to support smart cold chain management 21