MEDIA TECHNOLOGY Current Status and Future Trends

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1 MEDIA TECHNOLOGY Current Status and Future Trends Dr. Michael A. Russak President & Chief Technical Officer Komag, Incorporated 1710 Automation Parkway San Jose CA Presented at the THIC Meeting at the Sony Auditorium, 3300 Zanker Rd, San Jose CA March 4-5, 2003

2 MEDIA TECHNOLOGY Current Status and Future Trends Dr. Michael A. Russak President & Chief Technical Officer Komag, Incorporated 1710 Automation Parkway San Jose, CA Presented at the THIC Meeting at the Sony Auditorium, 3300 Zanker Rd, San Jose CA March 4-5, 2003

3 Areal Density & Capacity vs. Time Areal Density (Gb/in 2 ) Long. AD Demo 135 Gb/in kbpi, 158 ktpi Perp. AD Demo 111Gb/in kbpi, 131 ktpi Conventional SAF Patterned Perpendicular HAMR 100% CAGR 60% CAGR 40% CAGR MR160 MR240 MR Year

4 Longitudinal Data Recording Process

5 Magnetic Spacing Budget GMR Head Thickness Separation (Å) FLY HGT (Å) HALF MAG. THK DISK OC (Å) HEAD OC (Å) PTR (Å) Areal Density (Gb/in 2 )

6 Bit Size Vs. Recording Density Gb/in2 KBPI KTPI µm 0.15µm µm µm µm µm µm 0.13 µm

7 Product Roadmap 95mm Form Factor Production Launch 3Q01 3Q02 1Q03 1Q04 1Q05 4Q GB/Platter ( 95mm) Areal Density (Gb/in2) KTPI TBD KBPI BPI/TPI Magnetics Magnetic Structure Conventional Conventional Conv/SAF SAF SAF/Per Perpendicular Perpendicular VSM Coercivity Mrt

9 Magnetic Coercivity and M r T Product INDUCTIVE Hc MrT Magnetic Coercivity (Oe) SAF MrT Product (memu/cm 2 ) Areal Density (Gb/in 2 )

10 Coercivity vs. M r t for Longitudinal Media Alloys Epitaxial V 6000 Epitaxial IV 5500 Hc (Oe) SAF Epitaxial III Epitaxial II 3500 Epitaxial I Non-Epitaxial Avg. Grain Size = 7 nm M r T (memu/cm 2 )

11 Grain Size Reduction 100 GB/in GB/in 2

12 Grain Size Distribution Improvement GB/Platter <D>= 9.1nm ; Sigma=0.24 Decay Rate= 0.4 %/Decade SNR = a PW S 50 BW ( 1+ ( σ / < V > ) 2 ) (H. Zhou and H.N. Bertram, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol. 36, No.1, pp , January 2000) GB/Platter <D>=10.8 nm ; Sigma=0.41 Decay Rate= 0.7 %/Decade Grain Size (nm) In absence of exchange, once σ/<v> is~15% or less there is negligible impact on SNR

13 Oriented Magnetics Orientation provides 2 to 3 db of SNR gain over isotropic magnetics. Can we keep the same level of MrT OR for next generations? Yes, we cannot afford to give it up

14 Texture Roughness and Orientation Ratio MrT Orientation Ratio MrT OR Hc OR Hc Orientation Ratio TMS Roughness (Angstroms)

15 Cross-Section TEM Image of Longitudinal Media Mechanical texture must sustain magnetic OR development (necessary to maintain SNR) while satisfying head flyability requirements (e.g., glide avalanche)

16 Areal Density & Capacity vs. Time Areal Density (Gb/in 2 ) Long. AD Demo 135 Gb/in kbpi, 158 ktpi Perp. AD Demo 111Gb/in kbpi, 131 ktpi Conventional SAF Patterned Perpendicular HAMR 100% CAGR 60% CAGR 40% CAGR MR160 MR240 MR Year

17 Perpendicular Data Recording Process

18 Perpendicular Media Candidates Granular Co Alloys with Cr, B, oxides as segregants to reduce intergranular exchange coupling. Multilayer Co/Pd, Co/Pt, etc Ordered Compounds CoPt (L10), FePt (L10), etc Oxides Ba-Ferrite Rare-Earth Based CoSm, CoFeTb, etc

19 Why Granular Media? Media Noise Of all the candidates, granular media offers the easiest way to achieve low noise. Familiarity The manufacturing methods are extensions of current (or recent) technologies. Manufacturability Moderate heating or room-temperature processes, possible to make using current equipment. Higher throughput potential.

20 Perpendicular Media Structure o/c Mag. L. n=5.. N.L. S.L.. n=1

21 TEM image of State of the Art film Average Average grain grain size size ~7.5 ~7.5 nm nm 20 nm

22 Grain Size Distribution of Latest Perpendicular Media Grain number-frequency histogram of perpendicular media (E3126) Number-frequency Grain size (nm)

23 AGFM Loops of Perpendicular Media 3x10-4 2x10-4 Perpendicular and In-plane Loops Perpendicular In-plane H K : koe (-15.0 koe) Moment (emu) 1x x x x H (koe) File: K2889

24 SNR Evolution for Boron and Oxide Granular Media 20 Boron Alloy Media Oxide Alloy Media 15 SNR [db] db 5-6 db Dec Time [months] February 2003

25 MFM Images of Recorded Transitions on E KFCI 100 KFCI

26 BTD: OTC4 747 Curve at 691kBPI 221F, F9F0OKKDS0, 332.5Mb/s, 691kBPI, Komag S3087D1, 8% squeeze OTC X 145 = 100.2Gbpsi OTC_EFL KTPI OTC4 10% TP OTC_EFL TRACK PITCH (uin)

27 E2575-SA#20 (CoCrPtO) 100-kFCI Amplitude Decay At Ambient Temperature Normalized 100-kFCI Amplitude log 10 (Time(seconds)) Decay Rate = 0.02 %/decade, Goodness of Fit R 2 =

28 Criteria & Considerations For Perpendicular Media Introduction What performance advantage is needed for perpendicular media to be considered POR for a product? Areal density demonstration for perpendicular media about 2x higher than for longitudinal media? (Current Demos: Perp.: 111 Gb/in 2, 850 kbpi,, 131 ktpi; ; Long.: 135 Gb/in 2, 853 kbpi,, 158 ktpi) Extra margin in performance needed to account for the unexpected that accompanies a new technology introduction. Perpendicular media cost expected to be higher than longitudinal media cost Perpendicular media sputter material cost delta expected to be significant Perpendicular media manufacturing will affect media production capacity For in-situ static sputtering machines, perpendicular media capacity could be less than 60% of longitudinal capacity.

29 Areal Density & Capacity vs. Time Areal Density (Gb/in 2 ) Long. AD Demo 135 Gb/in kbpi, 158 ktpi Perp. AD Demo 111Gb/in kbpi, 131 ktpi Conventional SAF Patterned Perpendicular HAMR 100% CAGR 60% CAGR 40% CAGR MR160 MR240 MR Year

30 Discrete Track Recording (DTR) Technology

31 Advantages DTR over Conventional For Same Track Spacing R DTR W DTR G W T W Erasure Bands T S R Conv W Conv TW Writer Width: SNR media : W DTR > W Conv SNR DTR = SNR Conv db SNR electronic : Reader Width: R DTR > R Conv SNR DTR = SNR Conv db Higher data rate/reliability and/or higher areal density Higher SNR of DTR: and/or higher fly height DTR Increases the Head Read and Write Width Tolerances Improving Head Yields

32 Recent TDK Demo of DTR Technology TDK showed data on a DTR disk that they are produced recently at the Joint [NA]PMRC conference in Monterey (Y. Soeno et al): SEM photo of the fabricated discrete tracks Comparison of track profile in both discrete track and continuous magnetic film media

33 Key Issues/Challenges for DTR Technology has been around since the 1970s Several barriers to implementation Ability to produce DTR structures with steep groove walls and defect free surfaces Full surface compliance Flyability Developing a manufacturing process with low cost and high yield

34 Areal Density & Capacity vs. Time Areal Density (Gb/in 2 ) Long. AD Demo 135 Gb/in kbpi, 158 ktpi Perp. AD Demo 111Gb/in kbpi, 131 ktpi Conventional SAF Patterned Perpendicular HAMR 100% CAGR 60% CAGR 40% CAGR MR160 MR240 MR Year

35 Media Evolution Expected to Continue As Generally Predicted Conventional - 80 GB (Maybe 120 GB) Multilayer Films, Directly Coupled Don t Overlook OR Effects SAF/AFC GB (Some 80 GB) 240 GB Ferri-magnetically Coupled Films Low Effective Mrt Moderate Hc Thermal Stability

36 Media Evolution (continued) Perpendicular - > 240 GB Granular/Oxide doped - most likely first Multilayer Superlattice to come next DTR/Self Ordered Arrays Future Tech. Design Point Limits for Each Media Type Still Not Set

37 Acknowledgements The extensive contributions of Gerardo Bertero, David Wachenschwanz, Chris Bajorek and Tom Yamashita to this presentation are gratefully acknowledged

Future of Magnetic Recording. Dmitri Litvinov and Sakhrat Khizroev Seagate Research

Future of Magnetic Recording. Dmitri Litvinov and Sakhrat Khizroev Seagate Research Future of Magnetic Recording Dmitri Litvinov and Sakhrat Khizroev Seagate Research Progress in Magnetic Data Storage 10000 Areal Density (Gbit/in 2 ) 1000 Seagate 100 Gbit/in 100 2 Fujitsu Hitachi Seagate