Viscosity Measurement Series

Transcription

1 Viscosity Measurement Series Constant-Temperature Baths for Viscometers Glass Viscometers (s per JIS K ) Made in Japan long with the growth of the petrochemistry, polymer chemistry, and other industries involving viscous materials, viscosity measurements are increasingly being performed for a variety of fluids. The advanced glass manufacturing technology of SIBT SCITIIC TCHOOGY, td. allows us to provide support for highly precise viscosity measurements.

2 Serial o. Viscometer o. I J : ower sample reservoir bulb C, J: Timing bulb : Upper sample reservoir bulb,, and I: Marked lines for time measurement G: Sample collection marked line : Support attachment tube : Upper ventilation tube R: Capillary G R Viscometers Glass, SO, S, SU series Viscosity measurements are now performed for a variety of fluids, in accordance with the development of petrochemistry, polymer chemistry and other industries involving viscous materials. With many years of experience in the manufacture of capillary tube viscometers, SIBT has expanded the production and inspection facilities to manufacture capillary tube viscometers and constant-temperature baths for measuring viscosity. SIBT viscometers are glass capillary tube viscometers manufactured in accordance with JIS standards, and are used to measure the kinematic viscosity of petroleum and other oils. The time for a fixed amount of fluid to flow through the capillary tube is measured under given measurement conditions, and the kinematic viscosity is obtained by multiplying that time by the viscometer constant. wide range of kinematic viscosities can be measured using capillary tubes with different diameters, and measurements can be performed with small quantity samples. Cannon-enske Reverse-low Type Typical Product Representation * serial o. is indicated for each viscometer. The viscometer constant is noted on a card included with the product. * Please note that it is not possible to manufacture a viscometer with a specified constant. We appreciate your understanding. Viscometer-Related JIS Cannon-enske Reverse-low Type K2283: Crude petroleum and petroleum products etermination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of viscosity index from kinematic viscosity Z8803: Methods for viscosity measurement of liquid Z8809: Standard liquids for calibrating viscometer How to Obtain the Kinematic Viscosity C Kinematic viscosity refers to the viscosity of a fluid divided by its density under identical conditions (temperature and pressure). In terms of units, it is expressed as cm 2 /s {St (stokes)} or mm 2 /s {cst (centistokes)}. When a shearing velocity (shear rate) exists within a fluid, viscosity refers to the fluid's internal resistance, indicated by the size of the shear stress produced at a surface perpendicular to this shearing velocity. In terms of units, it is expressed as Pa s {10P poise} or mpa s {cp (centipoise)}. Viscosity and kinematic viscosity are related as follows. (ormula (1), ormula (2)) Viscosity mpa s {cp} Kinematic viscosity mm 2 /s {cst} = ormula (1) ensity (g/cm 3 ) The kinematic viscosity of the target fluid is obtained by measuring the capillary tube outflow time for a fixed quantity of the fluid under identical conditions, and then using this time and the viscometer constant in the following formula. Viscometer constant Kinematic viscosity mm 2 /s {cst} = x ormula (2) Outflow time (sec) Types Generally, four types are widely used: Cannon-enske, Cannon- enske reverse-flow type, and Ubbelohde viscometers, Osatwald. Cannon-enske (SO) Cannon-enske Reverse-low Type (for opaque fluids) (S) Ubbelohde ( S U ) O s t w a l d Suitable for measuring small quantity samples. Suitable for measuring opaque samples. It keeps the liquid column difference always constant and offers higher accuracy than the SO and S types. Used for comparative measurements. or PVC or PV Selecting a Viscometer Reference xample-1 Measurement Range 0.5 to mm 2 /s {cst} Measurement Range 0.4 to mm 2 /s {cst} Measurement Range 0.3 to mm 2 /s {cst} Capillary tube inner diameter 0.5 mm to 1.75 mm Manufactured in accordance with JIS K Manufactured in accordance with JIS K types 12 types 16 types 6 types 1 types 1 types When to measuring the viscosity of a fluid having a viscosity of approximately 1.24 cp at 20 C in about 500 seconds Given a fluid density of approximately 0.79 at 20 C the following can be found from formulas 1 and 2: 1Kinematic viscosity = 1.24 = pproximately 1.57 mm 2 /s {cst} Viscometer constant = Kinematic viscosity = 1.57 = Outflow time 5.00 Therefore, it can be determined that the following would be appropriate: (item code) (kinematic viscosity range) Cannon-enske to 2 Cannon-enske (for opaque fluids) to 2 Ubbelohde to 3 Reference xample-2 When measuring the viscosity of an unknown substance at 20 C Select a similar substance from the viscosities mpa s {cp} of liquid organic compounds in the viscosities of the Handbook of Chemistry-undamentals II. or example, if the similar substance is ethanol: mpa s{cp} ensity: Kinematic viscosity= Therefore, it can be determined that the following would be appropriate: (item code) (kinematic viscosity range) Cannon-enske to 4 Cannon-enske (for opaque fluids) to 4 Ubbelohde to 3

3 Viscosity and Kinematic Viscosity of istilled Water (excerpt from JIS Z8803: 2011) Temperature C Viscosity mpa s Kinematic Viscosity mm 2 /s The values in this table are established with a viscosity of mpa s at C as the standard. Standard luids Used for Viscosity Measurement (excerpt from JIS Z8803: 2011) (1) If the viscosity is to be measured using the comparative measurement method, the viscometer must be calibrated using a standard fluid with a known viscosity or kinematic viscosity. (2) s standard fluids for viscosity, use the standard fluids for viscometer calibration specified in JIS Z8809, and distilled water at the temperatures shown in the table at left. The table at left shows the viscosity and kinematic viscosity of distilled water at various temperatures. (3) or other standard fluids for viscosity, you can use fluids of which the viscosity or kinematic viscosity value is obtained by the absolute measurement method, or fluids of which the viscosity value is obtained by the comparative measurement method using distilled water. Standard luids for Viscometer Calibration (excerpt from JIS Z8809: 2011) Standard fluids for viscometer calibration are stipulated in JIS Z Their types and approximate values for kinematic viscosity are shown in the table. ote that the determined value for kinematic viscosity for each standard fluid is listed in the performance guarantee that is provided with the standard fluid. Types JS 2.5 JS 5 JS 10 JS 20 JS 50 JS 100 JS 200 JS 500 JS 1000 JS 2000 JS JS JS Kinematic Viscosity pproximate Value mm 2 /s {cst} cm 2 /s{st}=100 mm 2 /s{cst} ocument TST CRTIICT CRTIICT O TRCBIITY TRCBIITY CHRT

4 Viscometer Cannon-enske (SO) Manufactured in accordance with JIS K With these viscometers, the viscosity is obtained by measuring the time for a fixed quantity sample (the volume between marked lines and ) to flow out a capillary tube. They are suitable for measuring the kinematic viscosity of particularly small quantity samples. The 12 types shown in the table below enable the measurement of kinematic viscosities ranging from 0.5 mm 2 /s {cst (centistokes)} to mm 2 /s {cst (centistokes)}. (Constant table provided) With these viscometers, the center of the timing bulb and the sample reservoir bulb are positioned on the same central axis in order to minimize measurement errors from tilt. These viscometers are generally widely used. Viscometer Cannon-enske (SO) Item Code Viscometer o. Viscometer Constant (approximate value) mm 2 /s 2 {cst/s} Kinematic viscosity measurement range mm 2 /s{cst} to to to to to to to to to to to to Selection Procedure (1) rom the table, select a viscometer that has an outflow time between 200 seconds (250 seconds for Cannon-enske viscometer o. 25) and 1,000 seconds. (2) See Reference xample-1 and Reference xample-2 on page 2. Selecting a Viscometer [Method of Measurement] (s per JIS K2283: 2000) 第 1 図 C Sample ig. 1 ig. 2 (1) s shown in ig. 2, insert tube into the sample with the viscometer upside down. pply suction through tube so that the sample is drawn up to marked line. (2) Quickly restore the viscometer to the orientation in ig. 1. Wipe the sample off the outside of tube. The sample will flow out and collect in sample reservoir bulb. (3) Place the viscometer in the constant-temperature bath. t this point, position the viscometer so that the centers of sample reservoir bulb, timing bulb C, and upper sample bulb are aligned on the same straight line, and leave it to settle until the sample reaches the prescribed temperature. (4) pply pressure through tube or apply suction through tube until the upper level of the fluid sample is approximately 5 mm above. (5) llow the sample to flow down naturally. Read out the outflow time from to in increments of 0.1 seconds. If the outflow time is less than 200 seconds (less than 250 seconds for viscometer o. 25) or more than 1000 seconds, choose another viscometer and repeat the procedure from step (1). or the calculation procedure, refer to JIS K2283:2000.

5 Viscometer Cannon-enske (for opaque fluids) Reverse-low Type (S) These viscometers are generally used for kinematic viscosity measurements of opaque samples. The 12 types shown in the table below enable the measurement of kinematic viscosities ranging from 0.4 mm 2 / s {cst (centistokes)} to 20000mm 2 /s {cst (centistokes)}. (Constant table provided) With reverse-flow viscometers, the viscosity is obtained by measuring the time for the sample to flow into a timing bulb, which is provided at the lower section of the viscometer. These viscometers are particularly suited to measurements of opaque fluids since the sample flows into a dried timing bulb. Moreover, there is no effect produced by the sample remaining on the walls inside the timing bulb, so they are also suited to viscosity measurements of high viscosity fluids. ote that the time measurement can be made twice. Item Code Viscometer o. Viscometer Constant (approximate value) mm 2 /s 2 {cst/s} Kinematic viscosity measurement range mm 2 /s{cst} to to to to to to to to to to to to Viscometer Cannon-enske Reverse-low Type (S) Selection Procedure (1) rom the 12 types spanning a kinematic viscosity measurement range of 0.4 mm 2 /s {cst} to mm 2 /s {cst}, select an appropriate viscometer. t the same time, select a viscometer that has an outflow time between 200 seconds and 1,000 seconds. (2) See Reference xample-1 and Reference xample-2 on page 2. Selecting a Viscometer [Method of Measurement] (s per JIS K2283: 2000) I (1) s shown in ig. 2, insert tube into the sample with the viscometer upside down. pply suction through tube so that the sample is drawn up to marked line G. (2) Return the viscometer to the orientation shown in ig. 1. Wipe the sample off the outside of tube, and insert the rubber tube (about 50 mm in length). The sample flows out of the capillary tube. When the content in sample reservoir bulb reaches about 1/2, use a pinchcock to seal the rubber tube to prevent any further sample outflow. (3) Position the viscometer vertically in the constanttemperature bath, so it reaches the prescribed temperature. (4) When the settling time has elapsed, open sealed tube. Measure the time for the sample to flow from to. Then read out the outflow time from to I in increments of 0.1 seconds. If the outflow time is less than 200 seconds or more than 1000 seconds, choose another viscometer and repeat the procedure from step (1). or the calculation procedure, refer to JIS K2283:2000. I G G Sample 第 2 図第 1 図 ig. 1 ig. 2

6 Viscometer Ubbelohde (SU) Viscometer Ubbelohde (SU) With Ubbelohde viscometers, the viscosity is obtained by placing an appropriate quantity of the sample in the viscometer, and then measuring the time required for the sample in timing bulb C (the quantity between marked lines m1 and m2) to flow through the capillary tube. These are standard kinematic viscometers that do not require correction for differences in surface tension. The 16 types shown in the table below enable the measurement of kinematic viscosities ranging from 0.3 mm2/s {cst (centistokes)} to mm2/s {cst (centistokes)}. (Constant table provided) They keep the liquid column difference always constant and offer higher accuracy than the SO and S types. Item Code Viscometer o. Viscometer Constant (approximate value) mm 2 /s 2 {cst/s} Kinematic viscosity measurement range mm 2 /s{cst} to C to B to to C to B to to C to B to to C to B to to C to B to to Selecting a Viscometer m3 m4 M M m1 m2 B C [Method of Measurement] (s per JIS K2283: 2000) (1) rom the 16 types spanning a kinematic viscosity measurement range of 0.3 mm2/s {cst} to mm2/s {cst}, select a viscometer indicating an outflow time between 200 seconds (300 seconds for Ubbelohde viscometer o. 0) and 1000 seconds. (2) Tilt the viscometer slightly, allowing the sample to flow in through tube until the fluid level of the sample is between marked lines m3 and m4 in sample reservoir bulb. When the viscometer is positioned vertically, the fluid level must not exceed marked line m3 due to the outflow of sample adhering to tube. nsure that no bubbles enter the tube connecting and B. (3) Position the viscometer in the constant-temperature bath, and allow it to reach the prescribed temperature. (4) When the settling time has elapsed, close tube M with your fingers. pply suction through tube (or apply pressure through tube for volatile samples), raising the sample until the upper fluid level exceeds m1 (approximately 8 mm). (5) Stop applying suction or pressure. Open tube M and then immediately seal tube with your fingers. When the sample flows out of the bottom end of the capillary tube, release your fingers, and allow the sample to flow out naturally. (6) Read out the sample outflow time from m1 to m2 in increments of 0.1 seconds. If the outflow time is less than 200 seconds (less than 300 seconds for viscometer o. 0) or more than 1000 seconds, choose another viscometer and repeat the procedure from step (1). or the calculation procedure, refer to JIS K2283: Z1

7 Viscometer Ostwald (Relative Viscometer) Ostwald viscometers are used for comparative measurements. Use a pipette to place 5 m to 8 m (always a fixed volume) of the fluid sample in the lower bulb shown in the figure at right. Immerse the viscometer in the viscometer temperatureconstant bath so that the liquid level of the bath reaches above the marked line. pply suction until the fluid sample is above marked line. Then allow it to flow down naturally. Measure the time taken by the fluid sample to flow down from marked line to B through the capillary tube. Using the same procedure, measure a standard fluid of known viscosity, being careful that the volume of fluid placed in the lower bulb is identical. B Types no. 1 to 6 are available with different capillary tube diameters. These are relative viscometers for comparative measurements. The bulb capacity is approximately 3m. Item Code Viscometer Capillary Tube Inner iameter o. (approximate) mm ote: o measured viscometer constant is provided, so kinematic viscosity measurements are impossible with these viscometers Viscometer Ostwald Viscometer Ostwald for Polyvinyl cetate(pvc) 10 m of the sample is placed in the Ostwald viscometer. The viscometer is then immersed in a constant-temperature bath at 30 ±0.1 C and is used to measure the relative viscosity with respect to benzene at the same temperature. The outflow time for water at 30 C is 120 ±20 seconds. Capillary tube inner diameter: 0.48 to 0.52 mm Manufactured in accordance with JIS K B Item Code Product ame pplications Viscometer Ostwald or PVC Viscometer Ostwald for Polyvinyl lcohl(pv) 10 m of the sample is placed in the Ostwald viscometer. The viscometer is then immersed in a constant-temperature bath at 30 ±0.1 C and is used to measure the relative viscosity with respect to water at the same temperature. The outflow time for water at 30 C is 100 ±20 seconds. Capillary tube inner diameter: 0.57 to 0.60 mm Manufactured in accordance with JIS K Item Code Product ame pplications Viscometer Ostwald or PV Viscometer Ostwald

8 VB-3T Water Bath for Viscometers with 6 Suspension Clamps (With Timer) This water bath can be used for measuring kinematic viscosity using Cannon-enske, Cannon-enske reverse-flow type, Ubbelohde, and Ostwald viscometers. eatures This constant-temperature bath provides highly accurate temperature control, thanks to a high resolution digital temperature controller and propeller pump. Three stopwatches are built in. total of six viscometers, four Cannon-enske and two Ubbelohde, can be suspended inside. It can offer stable temperature control even at close to room temperature, with the cooling pipe provided inside the bath. ( separate cool water circulator is required.) or information on glass viscometers, see page 2-7. Spare Parts Specifications Item Code Product ame pplications Viscometer mounting bracket (3 holes) or Ubbelohde Viscometer mounting or Cannon-enske, bracket (2 holes) Ostwald Item code Model VB-3T umber of viscometers suspendable 6 Temperature settings range rom room temperature to 85 C 1 Operating ambient temperature +5 to +35 ccuracy of temperature control ±0.1 (when used in constant temperature room) ccuracy of temperature distribution ±0.1 (when used in constant temperature room) Temperature igital temperature indicating controller (PI control method) Main heater adjustment isplay resolution: 0.01 method Sub-heater iquid expansion type temperature controller (O/O) Heater Main heater 300 W 2, SUS316 Sub-heater 300 W 2, SUS316 gitation motor Induction motor, 4-pole, 15W Temperature sensor Pt100Ω Thermometer 100 in 1/10 graduations 2 umber of measured CH 3 channels (2-mode type) Stopwatches isplay method, 5 digits Measurement range 0~ sec rain bulb ozzle outer diameter, 10.5 mm Cold water supply port ozzle outer diameter, 10.5 mm Unit protection functions arth leakage breaker, overheat protection 1 glass rod thermometer 2 ccessories 1 thermometer holder, Viscometer mounting brackets (3 holes 2, 2 holes 4) imensions Bath 335 (W) 180 () 315 (H) mm, pprox. 19 Main Unit 530 (W) 225 () 420 (H) mm (excluding protrusions and motor) Weight pprox. 23 kg Power Supply 100 V C 50/60 Hz, 14 *1: If the temperature to which to adjust is near room temperature, a separate cool water circulator needs to be connected. *2: The purpose of this thermometer is for checking the temperature of the water bath for viscometers alone. If necessary, a separate JIS standard thermometer should be acquired. ote 1: This product is not explosion-proof. ote 2: The specifications and external appearance of this product are subject to change without notice in the interest of product improvement. Viscometer Storage Case This wooden storage case is designed to organize and store Cannon-enske, Cannon-enske reverse-flow type, and Ubbelohde viscometers. our viscometers can be packed into a single case. Item Code umber Storable Specifications One level, with cover Specifications, and appearance described in this document are based on information as of January 18, They are subject to change without notice for improvement of the product , akane Soka-City, Saitama, Japan T: X: mail:overseas@sibata.co.jp K