Residual Stress Measurement Techniques: A Review
|
|
- Myles Moore
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Residual Stress Measurement Techniques: A Review Nasir Khan 1, Research Scholar Amity University, Gwalior Dr. Anshul Gangele 2 Professor, Amity University Gwalior Abstract Compressive residual stresses are desirable because it decreases the speed of crack initiation and prolong fatigue life but at the same time residual stresses are having negative effects on the distortion, corrosion resistance, dimensional stability and brittle fracture of the component. Residual stress also plays a vital role in with respect of fatigue strength of material. Because of these effects maintenance cost and service life of the components declines. Therefore it is of interest to investigate the residual stress. There are so many methods have been developed so far for the measurement of the residual stress such as Destructive or non-destructive. Mechanical methods (Destructive and Semi destructive) based up on measurement of deformations due to release of residual stresses up on deduction of material from specimen and Nondestructive technique measures some parameters that are related to stresses. The main objective of this work is to analyze Residual stress measurement techniques which is most commonly used in industry and academia are considered: x-ray and neutron diffraction, hole-drilling, sectioning, Barkhausen, eddy current and ultrasonic methods. Out of all destructive techniques, holedrilling is utmost used method due to well-established, cheap and simplicity. For nondestructives techniques X-ray diffraction is the furthermost used technique, because of it s widely availability, versatility, wide range of materials and macro and micro residual stress measuring. This paper gives the information of the recent advancement in the residual stress measuring techniques to help researchers on selecting their techniques hang on upon their applicability and the availabilities of those techniques. This paper represents physical limitation, scope, advantages and disadvantages for each technique. This paper also represents promising directions for future developments. Key words: - Residual stress, Fatigue Life, Corrosion Resistance, Hole-Drilling, X-Ray diffraction 1. INTRODUCTION 151
2 Residual stress may arise in almost every step of the processing. The origin of residual stresses in a component may be classified as Mechanical, Thermal and Chemical. Mechanically generated residual stresses are because of manufacturing process like welding, machining grinding and shot Peening, due to non uniform plastic deformation. Thermally generated residual stresses are due to non uniform heating and cooling like quenching.chemically generated residual stresses are due to chemical reaction and phase transformation. Residual stresses are those stresses, which exist even after removal of the external load in the material. Residual stresses are having negativeeffects on thedistortion, fatigue life, corrosion resistance, dimensional stability and brittle fracture of the component. Residual stress also plays a vital role in with respect of fatigue strength of material. Because of these effects maintenance cost and service life of the components declines. Therefore it is of interest to investigate the residual stress. 2. CAUSES OF RESIDUAL STRESSES Following are the main cause of existing of the residual stresses: Non uniform heating and cooling of metal in and adjacent of weld region Volume shrinkage of metal in weld during solidification Micro structural change of metal It is nearly impossible to avoid the generation of the residual stresses in the component but it may be possible to relieve the residual stress. The stress-relieving methods includes Vibratory stress relieving Peening of weld area Post weld heat treatment Residual stresses may also be minimized if proper measures are taken during welding, such as preheating. 3. RESIDUAL STRESSES IN WELDING Welding is the most prominent process for joining large components into complex assemblies or structures. A necessary condition for welding is that the two or more surfaces to be joined must be brought in to intimate contact. When fusion takes place, the joint is achieved by melting of two or more workpiece material in a localized region. In contrast, the solid state joining processes rely on plastic deformation of the surface asperities along the contact surface representing the original weld interface or the impending weld joint. 4. FRICTION STIR WELDING (FSW) Friction stir welding (FSW) was invented by Wayne Thomas at TWI, and the first patent application was filed in the United Kingdom in December 1991 (2). The material which is difficult to weld by fusion welding because of their solidification characteristic can be easily welded by FSW. The Shipbuilding and Marine industries were the first industry sectors to adopt this process commercially, but now Aerospace industry, Automobile industries, Construction industries and 152
3 High speed trains are using this process commercially. Welding residual stresses are due to nonuniform cooling and heating of specimen. 5. RESIDUAL STRESS MEASURING TECHNIQUES There are so many methods have been developed so far for the measurement of the residual stress. Residual stresses measuring technique may be classified as Destructive or Semi destructive or nondestructive [1]. Mechanical methods (Destructive and Semi destructive) based up on measurement of deformations due to release of residual stresses up on removal of material from specimen. However Non destructive technique measures some parameters that are related to stresses. 5.1 Destructive techniques Hole-Drilling Technique The most widely used modern technique for measuring residual stresses is Hole drilling method. It is relatively simple and quick. The steps of measuring residual stresses are following [3]. Step I. A special three element strain gauge rosette is installed on the test part at the point where residual stresses are to be measured. Step II. The gage grids are wired and connected to a multi-channel static strain indicator Step III. A precision milling guide is attached to the test part and accurately centered over a drilling target on the rosette Step IV. After Zero-balancing the gage circuits, a small, a shallow hole is drilled through the geometric center of the rosette. Residual Stresses Measuring Techniques 153
4 Non Destructive Semi Destructive Destructive X-Ray Diffraction Hole drilling technique sectioning Technique Bark hausen Noise Deep hole Contour Neutron Diffraction Ring core Ultrasonic Fig.1. Residual stresses measuring technique. Step V. Readings are made of the relaxed strain, corresponding to the initial residual stress. Step VI. Using special data-reduction relationships, the principal residual stresses and their angular orientation are calculated from the measured strains. Hatamleh et al. investigated peening effect on the residual stresses in FSW Joint of 2195 and 7075 aluminum joint. Surface residual stress measurement were acquired using x-ray diffraction method. Measurements of the through thickness bulk residual stresses were obtained using the contour method. The deepest compressive residual stresses were obtained with multiple layers of laser peening, and increased proportionally as the number of peening layers increased for AA For AA 7075, little change was noticed in the residual stresses as the number of peening layers increased. Interestingly, laser peening was shown to have less of an effect on residual stress near the edges of the weld joint where significant softening occurred. As these materials are age-hardenable, theirproperties can change with time. Linton et al. [2] used the neutron diffraction technique to measure the residual stresses around a FSW in a7xxx alloy and to determine how these residual stresses changed with time. It was found that the residual stresses associated with the weldnugget decreased, while those associated with the heat-affected zone increased with time. This is in contrast to strength and hardnessvalues that increased in all regions of the weld with time. Hole-drilling method is one of the most convenient methods for residual stress measurement. Min et al. [3] used the theory of moiré interferometry and incremental hole-drilling for non-uniform residual stress measurement is introduced. Three dimensional finite element method is constructed by ABAQUS to obtain the coefficients for the residual stress calculation. Experimental 154
5 result shows that MIIHD is effective for both non-uniform in-depth and in-plane residual stress measurements. A study of residual strains in aluminium-based dissimilar friction stir welds (FSWs) was performed byjun et al. [4] anovel approach that will be referred to as the Eigenstrain Reconstruction (ERM) The strain distributions evaluated by the angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction were used to obtain the eigenstrain distributions by ERM. In order to build the FE eigenstrain model that forms the essential part of ERM implementation, the analysis of microstructure and diffraction peak profile (i.e., intensity and FWHM) was performed to understand the material mixing that occurred in the weld zone. The ERM approach allowed the approximate determination of the complete stress and strain state everywhere in the component. The resulting description is continuous, complete and consistent, in terms of satisfying the equilibrium, compatibility and boundary conditions. It is concluded that ERM is a powerful tool for the analysis and use of full-field residual stress and strain distributions in engineering components and structures. Single and double sided partial penetration friction stir butt welds, in a rolled, quenched and tempered steel (RQT-701), were produced by Barnes et al. [5] at The Welding Institute (TWI) under controlled process conditions. The residual strain distributions in the longitudinal and transverse directions have been measured using energy dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The measured strains were indicative of longitudinal tensile residual stresses at levels greater than the 0.2% yield stress of the parent metal in both the single and double pass welds. In both cases, the maximum tensile strain was found in the parent metal at the boundary of the heat affected zone (HAZ). Microstructural analysis of the welds was carried out using optical microscopy and hardness variations were also mapped across the weld-plate cross-section. The maximum hardness was observed in the mixed bainite/martensite structure of the weld nugget on the advancing side of the stir zone. The minimum hardness was observed in the HAZ. John et al. [6] conducted on near-threshold fatigue crack growth in friction stir welded aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 and a titanium alloy Ti 6Al 4V. Tests were conducted on weld coupons as a function of specimen geometry and stress ratio to understand the effects of residual stresses in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the alloy. The crack growth results show that residual stresses play a key role in the crack growth parallel to the weld-path in the HAZ. Although friction stir welding process induced low residual stresses in the welds, they are found to produce large effects on the near-threshold fatigue crack growth. In general, the magnitude of the shift in the fatigue threshold in the friction stir welded coupons is a function of microstructure, residual stresses and specimen geometry. However, for a constant microstructure, fatigue thresholds at low stress ratios, were specimen geometry dependent. The thresholds were either higher or lower than those of the parent material. At high stress ratio, the differences due to the specimen geometry vanish. Stress ratio studies show that the center-crack tension geometry is less sensitive to the residual stress effects compared to the compact tension geometry. Staron et al.[7] made attempt to reduce tensile residual stresses in the weld region. The residual stress states of FSW joints in 6.3 and 3.2mm thick Al-sheets (AA2024) that have been welded under mechanical tensioning were analyzed. The results show that large compressive stress can be induced in the weld by applying mechanical tensioning during welding. 155
6 Staron et al. [8] the influence of a coolant applied during welding of Al sheets on the residual stress state of the FSW joint was investigated. Liquid CO2 coolant was applied near the weld seam for rapid cooling of the weld zone. The residual stresses across the weld were measured by neutron diffraction. Three sheets were produced, one without cooling, and two with cooling, where two different distances of the coolant nozzles from the FSW tool were chosen. The results show that, by applying a coolant, the magnitude of the tensile stress in the center of the weld can be reduced significantly. Arora et al. [9] reported the computed strains and strain rates during FSW of AA2524 from a threedimensional coupled viscoelastic flow and heat transfer model. The strain rates are integrated along a streamline to estimate the accumulated strains experienced by the material. The computed strains and strain rates were in the ranges _10 to 5 and _9 to 9 s_1, respectively. Using synchrotron X-ray diffraction the residual stress distribution has been measured in a series of AA7449-W51 Aluminium friction stir welds that had been tensioned to different loads during welding. By modifying the stress accumulation path, the application of a tensioning stress has reduced the tensile magnitude of the final residual weld stresses. Altenkirch et al. [10] studied the residual stresses were minimized when the applied load is 35% of the room temperature yield stress of the parent material. Subsequent sectioning of the weld into shorter test lengths, as might be necessary for weld testing, resulted in a progressive and significant relaxation of the residual stress field. The effect of tensioning on the weld component distortion also has been investigated. 6. SUMMARY Hole-drilling method is one of the most commonly used technique to measure the residual stresses. There was a strong correlation between the residual stress and the hardness distribution in the larger samples. However, less distinct correlation was identified in the dogbone samples where most of welding residual stress was released due to short length. Additional investigations will be aimed at the effect of compressive stresses on fatigue crack propagation. Moreover, modelling of the residual stress distribution in Al sheets welded under mechanical tensioning is in progress. 7. REFERENCES [1]. Hatamleh et al. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 209 (2009) [2]. Linton et al. Acta Materialia 56 (2008) [3]. Min et al. Acta mechanicasinica vol-19 no-6, Dec [4]. Jun et al. Materials and Design xxx (2009) xxx xxx. [5]. Barnes et al. Materials Science and Engineering A 492 (2008) [6]. john et al. International Journal of Fatigue 25 (2003) [7]. Staron et al. Physica B 350 (2004) e491 e
7 [8]. Staron et al. Appl. Phys. A 74 [Suppl.], S1161 S1162 (2002). [9]. Arora et al. Scripta Materialia 61 (2009) [10]. Altenkirch et al. Materials Science and Engineering A 488 (2008)
Module 4 Design for Assembly
Module 4 Design for Assembly Lecture 2 Design for Welding-I Instructional Objective By the end of this lecture, the student will learn: (a) how a weld joint should be designed to improve the joint performance,
More informationEffects of Laser Peening, and Shot Peening on Friction Stir Welding
Effects of Laser Peening, and Shot Peening on Friction Stir Welding Omar Hatamleh, PhD omar.hatamleh1@.hatamleh1@jsc.nasa.gov Structural Engineering Division NASA Johnson Space Center Lloyd Hackel, Jon
More informationResidual Stresses and Distortion in Weldments
Residual Stresses and Distortion in Weldments By: Aziz Shafiei Residual Stresses 1 Causes of Residual Stresses Residual stresses in metal structures occur for many reasons during various manufacturing
More informationPrediction of Residual Stresses and Distortion in GTAW Process. -A Review ABSTRACT
Prediction of Residual Stresses and Distortion in GTAW Process -A Review Yelamasetti Balram a*, B Sridhar Babu b, Harinadh Vemanaboina c, K.Chandra sekhar d a*b CMR Institute of Technology, Kandlakoya,
More informationThe effect of Friction Stir Processing on the fatigue life of MIG-Laser hybrid welded joints as compared to conventional FSW 6082-T6 aluminium joints
Surface Effects and Contact Mechanics IX 183 The effect of Friction Stir Processing on the fatigue life of MIG-Laser hybrid welded joints as compared to conventional FSW 6082-T6 aluminium joints A. Els-Botes,
More informationMechanical Behavior of Silicon Carbide Reinforced Friction Stir Welded Joint of Aluminium Alloy 6061
Mechanical Behavior of Silicon Carbide Reinforced Friction Stir Welded Joint of Aluminium Alloy 661 Md. Aleem Pasha *1, Ph. D Scholar, Mechanical Engineering Department, Osmania University, Hyderabad,
More informationResidual Stress Measurement of Quenched Components using Slitting Method
Journal of Mechanical Research and Application ISSN: 2251-7383, eissn: 2251-7391 Vol. 4, No. 1, 2012, 29-34 Residual Stress Measurement of Quenched Components using Slitting Method JMRA A. H. Mahmoudi
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 ALUMINIUM ALLOYS Aluminium and its alloys offer an extremely wide range of capability and applicability, with a unique combination of advantages that make the material of choice
More informationResidual Stresses in Welded Elements: Measurements, Fatigue Analysis and Beneficial Redistribution
Residual Stresses in Welded Elements: Measurements, Fatigue Analysis and Beneficial Redistribution Y. Kudryavtsev and J. Kleiman Structural Integrity Technologies, Inc. (SINTEC) www.sintec.ca 1 OUTLINE
More informationIntroduction to Joining Processes
7. WELD METALLURGY A wide range of mechanical and physical properties can be developed in a single engineering material of given composition by altering the microstructure. Such properties are said to
More informationEFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS IN FRICTION STIR WELDING OF DISSIMILAR ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2018, pp. 1078 1089, Article ID: IJMET_09_12_108 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=9&itype=12
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS OF FRICTION STIR WELDED JOINT BY USING TAGUCHI METHOD
OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS OF FRICTION STIR WELDED JOINT BY USING TAGUCHI METHOD Vanita S.Thete Department o Mechanical Engg,, S.V.I.T COE,Nashik Prakash. N. Wakchaure Department o Mechanical Engg,,
More informationMore Info at Open Access Database
More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=15213 Non-Destructive Evaluation of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys (AA1100 & AA2014) Welded Using Friction Stir Welding P.Balaji, V.Kalyanavalli, D.Sastikumar,
More informationFriction Stir Welding of AA2024-T3 plate the influence of different pin types
Mech. Sci., 6, 5155, 2015 doi:10.5194/ms-6-51-2015 Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Friction Stir Welding of AA2024-T3 plate the influence of different pin types D. Trimble, H. Mitrogiannopoulos,
More informationFinite Element Simulation of Residual Stresses in Butt Welding of Two AISI 304 Stainless Steel Plates
Finite Element Simulation of Residual Stresses in Butt Welding of Two AISI 304 Stainless Steel Plates Gurinder Singh Brar Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Gill
More informationWelding simulations: assessment of welding residual stresses and post weld heat treatment
Welding simulations: assessment of welding residual stresses and post weld heat treatment Etienne Bonnaud and Jens Gunnars, Inspecta Technology AB Third Nordic Conference on Design and Fabrication of Welded
More information3. Residual Stresses
3. Residual Stresses 3. Residual Stresses 22 Figure 3.1 br-ei-3-1e.cdr weld Various Reasons of Residual Stress Development grinding disk less residual stresses, and it will never be stress-free! The emergence
More informationWeldability Analysis of 316 Stainless Steel and AA1100 Alloy Hollow Tubes using Rotational Friction Welding Process
ISSN (Online): 9-7064 Index Copernicus Value (0): 6.4 Impact Factor (05): 6.9 Weldability Analysis of 6 Stainless Steel and AA00 Alloy Hollow Tubes using Rotational Friction Welding Process Y. Lekhana,
More informationMeasurement and Modeling of Residual Stress in Ti-6Al-4V Linear Friction Welds
TWI Conference, Cambridge UK March 19, 2015 Daira Legzdina/Vincent Chung Clement Buhr/ Paul Colegrove Measurement and Modeling of Residual Stress in Ti-6Al-4V Linear Friction Welds Honeywell.com Outline
More informationSTUDY OF PROCESS PARAMETERS IN FRICTION STIR WELDING OF DISSIMILAR ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, January 22 24, 2011 STUDY OF PROCESS PARAMETERS IN FRICTION STIR WELDING OF
More informationExperimental study on friction stir welding of aluminium alloys (AA6063)
ISSN 2395-1621 Experimental study on friction stir welding of aluminium alloys (AA6063) #1 Mr. S.R. Bhasale, #2 Prof. M. K. Wasekar 1 shridhar1012@gmail.com 2 milindwasekar@gmail.com #1 Appearing M.E.
More informationResidual stresses in machined and shrink-fitted assemblies
675 Residual stresses in machined and shrink-fitted assemblies Bin Su, Foroogh Hossainzadeh, Chris Truman and David Smith 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Queen s Building,
More informationFinite Element Analysis of Friction Stir Welding of Al2024 and 6063aluminium Alloy
Finite Element Analysis of Friction Stir Welding of Al2024 and 6063aluminium Alloy A.Rajasekar 1, T.Prabhu 2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sasurie College of Engineering, Tirupur,
More informationDevelopment of bimodal grain structures in microalloyed steels:
Development of bimodal grain structures in microalloyed steels: Niobium and titanium are added to high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels to provide grain boundary pinning precipitates to help produce the
More informationCHAPTER INTRODUCTION
1 CHAPTER-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Aluminium alloys 2 1.2 Aluminium alloy classification 2 1.2.1 Aluminium alloys (Wrought) 3 1.2.2 Heat treatable alloys (Wrought). 3 1.2.3 Aluminum
More informationMACROSTRUCTURE, MICROSTRUCTURE AND MICROHARDNESS ANALYSIS
109 Chapter 5 MACROSTRUCTURE, MICROSTRUCTURE AND MICROHARDNESS ANALYSIS 5.1 INTRODUCTION The microstructural studies of friction welding helps in understanding microstructural changes occurred during friction
More informationMeasurement of Residual Stress by X-ray Diffraction
Measurement of Residual Stress by X-ray Diffraction C-563 Overview Definitions Origin Methods of determination of residual stresses Method of X-ray diffraction (details) References End Stress and Strain
More informationDevelopment of Machining Procedures to Minimize Distortion During Manufacture
Development of Machining Procedures to Minimize Distortion During Manufacture D. Hornbach and P. Prevéy Lambda Research ABSTRACT Distortion during machining can result in high scrap rates and increased
More informationRESIDUAL STRESS MANAGEMENT IN WELDING: MEASUREMENT, FATIGUE ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT TREATMENTS
UDC 621.791.052:539.3:621.7 RESIDUAL STRESS MANAGEMENT IN WELDING: MEASUREMENT, FATIGUE ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT TREATMENTS Yu. KUDRYAVTSEV and J. KLEIMAN Structural Integrity Technologies Inc. Markham,
More informationRESIDUAL STRESSES: TOOLS FOR OPTIMIZING COMPONENT PERFORMANCE
RESIDUAL STRESSES: TOOLS FOR OPTIMIZING COMPONENT PERFORMANCE Doug Hornbach Lambda Technologies 1 Residual Stresses: Tools For Optimizing Component Performance Outline: Residual Stress Effect on Fatigue
More informationInfluence of Friction Stir Welding Parameter on Mechanical Properties in Dissimilar (AA6063-AA8011) Aluminium Alloys
Influence of Friction Stir Welding Parameter on Mechanical Properties in Dissimilar (AA6063-AA8011) Aluminium Alloys S.Kailainathan* 1, S.Kalyana Sundaram 2, K.Nijanthan 3 1,3 Assistant Professor, Department
More informationEFFECT OF WELDING SEQUENCES ON RESIDUAL STRESS IN SINGLE PASS BUTT WELDING OF SAE 1020 STEEL
EFFECT OF WELDING SEQUENCES ON RESIDUAL STRESS IN SINGLE PASS BUTT WELDING OF SAE 1020 STEEL Teke Sumit Sudhakar 1, Prof. P.P.Powar 2, Prof. R.R.Gad 3. 1 ME (CAD/CAM/CAE), 2 Associate Professor, 3 Assistant
More informationTaylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Croup Boca Raton London New York
RESISTANCE WELDING Fundamentals and Applications Hongyan Zhang Jacek Senkara Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Croup Boca Raton London New York A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member
More informationNovel Technologies for Similar and Dissimilar Titanium Joints
Novel Technologies for Similar and Dissimilar Titanium Joints October 8, 2012 Michael Eff Project Engineer 614.688.5212 meff@ewi.org EWI. dedicated to Materials Joining and related process development
More informationMechanical Properties Of Friction Stir Welded 6061 Aluminium Alloy
Mechanical Properties Of Friction Stir Welded 661 Aluminium Alloy Rohit Kumar, Ratnesh Kumar Raj Singh, Dr. A K Bajpai 1 M.Tech Student, Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering
More informationFatigue of Welded Elements: Residual Stresses and Improvement Treatments
Fatigue of Welded Elements: Residual Stresses and Improvement Treatments Y. Kudryavtsev and J. Kleiman Integrity Testing Laboratory Inc. 80 Esna Park Drive, Units 7-9, Markham, Canada E-mail: ykudryavtsev@itlinc.com
More informationResidual Stress Management: Measurement, Fatigue Analysis and Beneficial Redistribution
Residual Stress Management: Measurement, Fatigue Analysis and Beneficial Redistribution Y. Kudryavtsev and J. Kleiman Integrity Testing Laboratory Inc. 80 Esna Park Drive, Units 7-9, Markham, Ontario,
More informationResearch on the FSW of Thick Aluminium
Research on the FSW of Thick Aluminium Peng Chai, Guohong Luan, Xiaojuan Guo, Shan Wang China FSW Center Beijing FSW Technology Co., Ltd Tel: +86-10-85702230, Fax: +86-10-85702187 Email: chaipeng@cfswt.com,
More informationFINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THERMAL TENSIONING TECHNIQUES MITIGATING WELD BUCKLING DISTORTION
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THERMAL TENSIONING TECHNIQUES MITIGATING WELD BUCKLING DISTORTION Panagiotis Michaleris The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA and Xin Sun Battelle Columbus, OH
More informationEADS Airbus GmbH Bremen
Materials Day WERKSTOFFE FÜR TRANSPORT UND VERKEHR, 18 th of May 2001, ETH Zürich, Switzerland NEW ALUMINIUM ALLOYS AND FUSELAGE STRUCTURES IN AIRCRAFT DESIGN Gerhard Tempus EADS Airbus GmbH Bremen Outline
More informationEvolution of Microstructure and Hardness of Aluminium 6061 after Friction Stir Welding
International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. ISSN 0973-6085 Volume 12, Number 3 (2017) pp. 405-410 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Evolution of Microstructure and
More informationRoll Bonding or Roll Welding
1 2 3 4 Roll Bonding or Roll Welding The pressure required for welding is applied through a pair of rolls Can be performed hot (Hot Roll Bonding) Surface preparation is important for interfacial bonding
More informationAssessment of the Advantages of Static Shoulder FSW for Joining Aluminium Aerospace Alloys
Assessment of the Advantages of Static Shoulder FSW for Joining Aluminium Aerospace Alloys Hao Wu 1a, Ying-Chun Chen 1b, David Strong 1c, and Phil Prangnell 1d 1 School of Materials, Univ. of Manchester,
More informationJOINING THE DIFFERENT MATERIALS USING FRICTION WELDING A REVIEW
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2015 S R Divagar and M Muthu Kumaran, 2015 Review Article ISSN 2278 0149 www.ijmerr.com Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2015 2015 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved JOINING THE DIFFERENT
More informationPROPERTIES OF AW 5059 ALUMINIUM ALLOY JOINTS WELDED BY MIG AND FRICTION STIR WELDING (FSW)
Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 20, No. 3 2013 PROPERTIES OF AW 5059 ALUMINIUM ALLOY JOINTS WELDED BY MIG AND FRICTION STIR WELDING (FSW) Miros aw Czechowski Gdynia Maritime University
More informationrelated to the welding of aluminium are due to its high thermal conductivity, high
Chapter 7 COMPARISON FSW WELD WITH TIG WELD 7.0 Introduction Aluminium welding still represents a critical operation due to its complexity and the high level of defect that can be produced in the joint.
More informationRESIDUAL STRESS REDUCTION IN HIGH PRESSURE INTERPASS ROLLED WIRE+ARC ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TI-6AL-4V COMPONENTS
RESIDUAL STRESS REDUCTION IN HIGH PRESSURE INTERPASS ROLLED WIRE+ARC ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TI-6AL-4V COMPONENTS Filomeno Martina a,, Matthew Roy b, Paul Colegrove a, Stewart W. Williams a a Welding Engineering
More informationMICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF FRICTION STIR WELDED ALUMINIUM ALLOYS. Vladvoj Očenášek a, Margarita Slámová a Jorge F. dos Santos b Pedro Vilaça c
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF FRICTION STIR WELDED ALUMINIUM ALLOYS Vladvoj Očenášek a, Margarita Slámová a Jorge F. dos Santos b Pedro Vilaça c a VÚK Panenské Břežany,s.r.o., Panenské Břežany 50, 250
More informationEffect of process parameters on friction stir welding of dissimilar Aluminium Alloy
Effect of process parameters on friction stir welding of dissimilar Aluminium Alloy K.Satheesh kumar 1 G.Rajamurugan 2 P.Manikkavasagan 3 1,2,3 Mechanical, Bannari Amman Institute Of Technology/Anna University,India
More informationSTUDY ON DISSIMILAR ALUMINIUM ALLOYS OF AA7075 AND AA6061 USING FRICTION STIR WELDING
STUDY ON DISSIMILAR ALUMINIUM ALLOYS OF AA7075 AND AA6061 USING FRICTION STIR WELDING N. A. A. Satharil,*a, A. R. Raza1il*b, M. Ishakl*c and L.H. Shahl*d 'Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti
More informationParametric Optimization for Friction Stir Welding of Al6061 Alloy using Taguchi Technique
Parametric Optimization for Friction Stir Welding of Al6061 Alloy using Taguchi Technique Lingam Satyavinod 1, R Harikishore 2 1 Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, DNREng College, Bhimavaram,
More informationComparative Study of FSW in Milling Setup with Tig Welding In Aluminum (He ) Alloy
Comparative Study of FSW in Milling Setup with Tig Welding In Aluminum (He9 63400) Alloy S Vignesh 1, S.S Vignesh 2 S Vijayaragavan 3 D Vignesh 4 UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNN Institute
More informationMicrostructural And Mechanical Properties Of Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Alloy
Microstructural And Mechanical Properties Of Friction Stir ed Aluminium Alloy International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) 1 Rohit Kumar*, 2 Ratnesh Kumar Raj Singh, 3 Dr. A K Bajpai
More informationSI N C E T H E 1990S, stress corrosion
Deep-hole drilling to measure residual stress BY DICK KOVAN A British company uses a technique known as deep-hole drilling to measure residual stresses in thick-section nuclear components. SI N C E T H
More informationAnalysis of Banded Texture of Friction Stir Weld Bead Surface by Image Processing Technique
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn : 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 5, Issue 8 (January 2013), PP. 30-39 Analysis of Banded Texture of Friction Stir
More informationEffect of tool pin offset on the Mechanical properties of dissimilar materials based on Friction Stir Welding (FSW)
Effect of tool pin offset on the Mechanical properties of dissimilar materials based on Friction Stir Welding (FSW) SATYAVEER SINGH 1 And MOHD MAHMEEN 2 1,2 Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical
More informationUSING XRD ELASTIC AND PLASTIC STRAIN DATA TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT COLD-WORKING TECHNIQUES IN AEROSPACE MATERIALS
51 USING XRD ELASTIC AND PLASTIC STRAIN DATA TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT COLD-WORKING TECHNIQUES IN AEROSPACE MATERIALS Beth S. Matlock, Technology for Energy Corp., Knoxville, TN, USA Daniel
More informationIMPACT OF COOLING PROCESS ON FSWED OF 6061 T6 ALUMINUM ALLOYS WITH CHANGING TOOL GEOMETRY
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp. 1600 1607, Article ID: IJMET_09_11_165 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=9&itype=11
More informationMACHINES DESIGN SSC-JE STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL MACHINES DESIGN
1 SSC-JE STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDY MATERIAL C O N T E N T 2 1. MACHINE DESIGN 03-21 2. FLEXIBLE MECHANICAL ELEMENTS. 22-34 3. JOURNAL BEARINGS... 35-65 4. CLUTCH AND BRAKES.
More informationHot-crack test for aluminium alloys welds using TIG process
EPJ Web of Conferences 6, 07001 (2010) DOI:10.1051/epjconf/20100607001 Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2010 Hot-crack test for aluminium alloys welds using TIG process A. Niel,a, F. Deschaux-beaume,
More informationWelding Job Knowledge
Defects - lamellar tearing BP Forties platform lamellar tears were produced when attempting the repair of lack of root penetration in a brace weld Lamellar tearing can occur beneath the weld especially
More informationResidual Stresses Prediction for CO 2 Laser Butt-Welding of 304- Stainless Steel K. Y. Benyounis, A. G. Olabi and M. S. J. Hashmi
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 3-4 (2005) pp 125-130 Online: 2006-08-15 (2005) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.3-4.125 Residual Stresses Prediction for CO
More informationFRICTION STIR WELDING OF POLYETHYLENE SHEETS
THE ANNALS OF DUNĂREA DE JOS UNIVERSITY OF GALAŢI FASCICLE V, TECHNOLOGIES IN MACHINE BUILDING, ISSN 1221-4566, 2009 FRICTION STIR WELDING OF POLYETHYLENE SHEETS Erica Anna Squeo 1, Giuseppe Bruno 1, Alessandro
More informationCharacterization of Titanium Alloy Friction Stir Butt-Welds TIMET 54M, ATI 425 and BOATI Standard Grain
Characterization of Titanium Alloy Friction Stir Butt-Welds TIMET 54M, ATI 425 and BOATI Standard Grain A. Cantrell, K. Gangwar, and M. Ramulu University of Washington Dan Sanders The Boeing Company 7th
More informationEffect Of Friction Stir Processing On Mechanical Properties And Microstructure Of The Cast Pure Aluminum
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 2, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER 2013 ISSN 2277-8616 Effect Of Friction Stir Processing On Mechanical Properties And Microstructure Of The Cast Pure
More informationIntroduction to Joining Processes
4. TEST METHODS Joints are generally designed to support a load, and must be tested to evaluate their load-supporting capabilities. However, it is also important to evaluate, not the joint, but rather
More informationEXPERIMENTAL AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THERMALLY INDUCED RESIDUAL STRESSES FOR STAINLESS STEEL 303GRADE USING GMAW PROCESS
EXPERIMENTAL AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THERMALLY INDUCED RESIDUAL STRESSES FOR STAINLESS STEEL 303GRADE USING GMAW PROCESS 1 Abhishek B P, 2 Anil kumar G, 3 Madhusudhan.T 1 M.Tech, student, Mechanical
More informationTHE EFFECTS OF RESIDUAL STRESS AND HAZ ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN MIG WELDED 2024 AND 7150 ALUMINIUM
THE EFFECTS OF RESIDUAL STRESS AND HAZ ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN MIG WELDED 2024 AND 7150 ALUMINIUM J. Lin*, S. Ganguly**, L. Edwards**, P.E. Irving* Abstract: The effect of weld residual stress, and
More informationInfluence of Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties of T6 Aluminum Alloy.
RESEARCH AND REVIEWS: JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Influence of Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties of 661- T6 Aluminum Alloy. S Ugender *, A Kumar 1, and A Somi Reddy 2.
More informationControl of Residual Stress, Distortion and Mechanical Properties in WAAM Ti64 Parts
Control of Residual Stress, Distortion and Mechanical Properties in WAAM Ti64 Parts Jan Roman Hönnige Welding Engineering and Laser Processing Centre Cranfield University Welding Engineering and Laser
More informationFabrication and Vibration Analysis on Friction Stir Welding Fixture for Mass Production
Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering Vol. 21, No. 3 (2017) 531 540 c Lodz University of Technology Fabrication and Vibration Analysis on Friction Stir Welding Fixture for Mass Production Abhishesh Mishra
More informationThe Analysis of Strength Parameters in FSW Aluminium Alloy 6061
The Analysis of Strength Parameters in FSW Aluminium Alloy 6061 1 Vishnu Shaji, 2 Jithin Mathew Joseph, 3 Rohit C Raj, 4 Alvin P Jacob 1234 PSN College of Engineering & Technology, Tirunelveli, TN, India
More informationVARIOUS EFFECTS OF WELDING PARAMETERS ON TIG WELDING OF 2024-T3 CLAD ALUMINUM ALLOY PLATE
VARIOUS EFFECTS OF WELDING PARAMETERS ON TIG WELDING OF 2024-T3 CLAD ALUMINUM ALLOY PLATE M. RAJKIRAN M.Tech, Production Technology, Sree Vaanmayi Istitute of Engineering, E-mail:rajkiran.dme@gmail.com
More informationTHE APPLICATION OF FRICTION STIR WELDING (FSW) OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS IN SHIPBUILDING AND RAILWAY INDUSTRY
Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 24, No. 2 2017 THE APPLICATION OF FRICTION STIR WELDING (FSW) OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS IN SHIPBUILDING AND RAILWAY INDUSTRY Grzegorz Gesella, Mirosław Czechowski
More informationThe contour method for residual stress determination applied to an AA6082-T6 friction stir butt weld
The contour method for residual stress determination applied to an AA682-T6 friction stir butt weld V. Richter-Trummer 1,a,P. M. G. P. Moreira 2,b, J. Ribeiro 2,c, P. M. S. T. de Castro 1,d 1 FEUP, Rua
More informationEncyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys
Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys Aerospace Fasteners: Use in Structural Applications --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: Full Title: EAIA-1032 Aerospace Fasteners: Use in Structural Applications
More informationMicrostructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Single-Mode Fiber Laser Lap-Welded Joint in Ti and Al Dissimilar Metals
Transactions of JWRI, Vol.42 (2013), No. 1 Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Single-Mode Fiber Laser Lap-Welded Joint in Ti and Al Dissimilar Metals Su-Jin LEE Su-Jin*, LEE*,
More informationChapter 31. Solid-State Welding Processes
Chapter 31 Solid-State Welding Processes Roll Bonding Figure 31.1 Schematic illustration of the roll bonding or cladding process. Ultrasonic Welding Figure 31.2 (a) Components of an ultrasonic welding
More informationEnhancements of mechanical properties of friction stir welding for 6061 aluminum alloy by Friction Stir Processing (FSP) method.
62 Enhancements of mechanical properties of friction stir welding for 6061 aluminum alloy by Friction Stir Processing (FSP) method. Ali A. Salman (Msc student ) 1Asst.Prof.Dr. Ayad M. Takak As. Prof. Dr.
More informationDYNAMIC MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF THE HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE (HAZ) IN RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING
International Journal of Modern Physics B Vol. 22, Nos. 31 & 32 (28) 58 586 World Scientific Publishing Company DYNAMIC MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF THE HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE (HAZ) IN RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING JI-WOONG
More informationPRELIMINARY ANALYSIS FOR A NEW APPROACH TO RELIEVE RESIDUAL STRESSES BY LASER HEATING
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS FOR A NEW APPROACH TO RELIEVE RESIDUAL STRESSES BY LASER HEATING C. BARILE, C. CASAVOLA, G. PAPPALETTERA, C. PAPPALETTERE 1 Abstract: Stress relief heat treatment is used to reduce
More informationDetermining Appropriate Cooling System For Plastic Injection Molding Through Computer Simulation
Determining Appropriate Cooling System For Plastic Injection Molding Through Computer Simulation Parag Chinchkhede 1, Dr. K. M. Ashtankar 2, 1Master Of Technology Final Year, VNIT Nagpur 2Assistant Professor,
More informationUIT AN ALTERNATIVE TO THERMAL STRESS RELIEF
UIT AN ALTERNATIVE TO THERMAL STRESS RELIEF Speaker s name: Sam Abston, Director of Engineering and R&D Paper Details: Sam Abston II Director of Engineering and R&D Applied Ultrasonics ABSTRACT: This paper
More informationNUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FRICTION STIR BUTT WELDING PROCESSES FOR AZ91 MAGNESIUM ALLOY
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FRICTION STIR BUTT WELDING PROCESSES FOR AZ91 MAGNESIUM ALLOY K. Senthil Kumar 1, M. Sivasangari 2, V. Rubesh Raj 3, L. Nirmal Raj 4 1 Assistant Professor, MAR College of Engg &
More informationEffect of Shot Peening on Surface Texture and Surface Integrity
Effect of Shot Peening on Surface Texture and Surface Integrity K. Tosha Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Japan Abstract This paper describes the influence
More informationWELDING TECHNOLOGY AND WELDING INSPECTION
WELDING TECHNOLOGY AND WELDING INSPECTION PRESENTED BY: GOPAL KUMAR CHOUDHARY SVL ENGINEERING SERVICES CHENNAI CONTENTS: DEFINATION TYPES OF WELDING ELECTRODE GEOMETRY EQUIPMENT QUALITY PROCESS SAFETY
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION In todays modern world there are different welding techniques to join metals. They range from the conventional oxyacetylene torch welding to laser welding (Appendix 1). The two
More informationDownloaded from
Proceedings of The Intl. Conf. on Information, Engineering, Management and Security 2014 [ICIEMS 2014] 34 Study of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Friction Stir Welded 5083 Aluminium Alloy
More informationpdfmachine trial version
EFFECT OF WELDING TECHNIQUES (GTAW & SMAW) ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MILD STEEL SA 516 Gr. 70 By Dr. Muhammad Taqi Zahid Butt, S. Ahmed, S. Rasool, U. Ali and S. U. Rehman* ABSTRACT
More informationStudy the Friction Stir Welding Process Parameters and Its Technical Aspects
Study the Friction Stir Welding Process Parameters and Its Technical Aspects 188 Abstract Gurdev Singh 1, Tejinderpal Singh 2, Aman Bansal 3 1,2,3 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, IET
More informationLecture - 01 Introduction: Manufacturing and Joining
Joining Technologies of Commercial Importance Dr. D. K. Dwivedi Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Lecture - 01 Introduction: Manufacturing and Joining
More informationXRD RESIDUAL STRESS MEASUREMENTS ON ALLOY 600 PRESSURIZER HEATER SLEEVE MOCKUPS
XRD RESIDUAL STRESS MEASUREMENTS ON ALLOY 6 PRESSURIZER HEATER SLEEVE MOCKUPS J. F. Hall, J. P. Molkenthin - ABB-Combustion Engineering Nuclear Power Paul S. Prevéy Lambda Research ABSTRACT Alloy 6 penetrations
More informationHEAT FLOW INTO FRICTION STIR WELDING TOOLS
HEAT FLOW INTO FRICTION STIR WELDING TOOLS Terry Dickerson, Qing-yu Shi, Hugh R Shercliff Cambridge University Engineering Department, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK. ABSTRACT Using experimental
More informationFundamentals of Design for Welding. Kelly Bramble 32.1
Fundamentals of Design for Welding Kelly Bramble 32.1 Fundamentals of Design for Welding Copyright, Engineers Edge, LLC www.engineersedge.com All rights reserved. No part of this training program may be
More informationImproving Corrosion Fatigue Performance of AA2219 Friction Stir Welds with Low Plasticity Burnishing
Improving Corrosion Fatigue Performance of AA2219 Friction Stir s with Low Plasticity Burnishing P. Prevéy D. Hornbach P. Mason Lambda Research M. Mahoney Rockwell Scientific Abstract Low Plasticity Burnishing
More informationFundamentals of Joining
Fundamentals of Joining Chapter 30 30.1 Introduction to Consolidation Processes Consolidation Processes consist of Welding Brazing Soldering Fasteners Adhesives Shrink Fits Slots and Tabs Each Process
More informationUnderstanding the Residual Stress Effect in Damage Tolerance Evaluation of Integral-Stiffened and Friction Stir Welded Panels
ASIP 2006 USAF Aircraft Structural Integrity Program November 28-30, 2006 San Antonio, Texas Understanding the Residual Stress Effect in Damage Tolerance Evaluation of Integral-Stiffened and Friction Stir
More information7. Conclusions 7.1 Microstructure Features of Single Lap Joints with Filler Material Al99.8
7. Conclusions Hybrid steel/al-alloy single lap joints as well as butt joints in the voestalpine welding geometry manufactured by the CMT-joining method developed by Fronius GmbH were studied, specifically:
More informationLASER BEAM WELDING OF QUENCHED AND TEMPERED ASTM A 517 GR.B STEEL
LASER BEAM WELDING OF QUENCHED AND TEMPERED ASTM A 517 GR.B STEEL S. Missori*, G.Costanza*, E. Tata*, A. Sili** *University of Roma-Tor Vergata, ** University of Messina ABSTRACT Quenched and tempered
More information