Density, lb/in g/cm Table 3 - Thermal and Electrical Properties

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1 INCONEL alloy 686 (UNS N6686/W.Nr ) is a single-phase, austenitic Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy offering outstanding corrosion-resistance in a range of severe environments. Its high nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo) provide good resistance in reducing conditions, and high chromium (Cr) offers resistance to oxidizing media. Molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) aid resistance to localized corrosion such as pitting. Iron (Fe) is closely controlled to enhance properties. Low carbon (C) helps minimize grain boundary precipitation to maintain corrosion-resistance in the heat-affected zones of welded joints. Resistance to general, pitting and crevice corrosion increases with the alloying (Cr+Mo+W) content, and scores higher than competitive materials. is protected by U.S. patent 5,19,184. Alloy Fe Ni Cr Mo W Cr+Mo+W UNS N UNS N UNS N Its matched composition welding products, designated as INCO-WELD filler metals and welding electrode 686 CPT also offer exceptional as-welded resistance to sulfuric or hydrochloric acids, to mixtures of the two, and to crevice or pitting corrosion in hot concentrated acid chloride solutions. These welding products are also used for dissimilar and overmatched welding applications (see pages 1 and 11). is used for resistance to aggressive media in chemical processing, pollution control, pulp and paper manufacture, and waste management applications. Table 1 - Limiting Chemical Composition, % Chromium Molybdenum Tungsten Titanium Iron...2. max. Carbon...1 max. Manganese...75 max. Sulfur...2 max. Silicon...8 max. Phosphorus...4 max. Nickel...Balance Table 2 - Physical Properties Density, lb/in g/cm Melting Range, F C Electrical Resistivity, ohm circ mil/ft µω m Permeability at 2 oersted (15.9 ka/m) Table 3 - Thermal and Electrical Properties Specific Heat Coefficient of Expansion a Electrical Resistivity F Btu/lb F 1-6 in/in F ohm circ mil/ft C J/kg C µm/m C µω cm a Mean coefficient of linear expansion between room temperature and temperature shown. Publication Number SMC-24 Copyright Special Metals Corporation, 23 (Mar 3) INCONEL, INCOLOY, INCO-WELD, INCOFLUX and 686CPT are trademarks of the Special Metals Corporation group of companies. INCONEL alloy 686 The data contained in this publication is for informational purposes only and may be revised at any time without prior notice. The data is believed to be accurate and reliable, but Special Metals makes no representation or warranty of any kind (express or implied) and assumes no liability with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Although the data is believed to be representative of the product, the actual characteristics or performance of the product may vary from what is shown in this publication. Nothing contained in this publication should be construed as guaranteeing the product for a particular use or application.

2 Table 4 - Moduli of Elasticity and Poisson s Ratio Young s Modulus Shear Modulus Poisson s Ratio F 1 3 ksi 1 3 ksi Product Form C GPa GPa Table 5 - Mechanical Properties Thickness or Diameter Tensile Strength Yield Strength (.2% Offset) Elongation in mm ksi MPa ksi MPa % Plate Plate Sheet Sheet Rod Stress, ksi Tensile Strength Elongation 2 3 Cold Reduction, % Yield Strength (.2%) Offset) Elongation, % Stress, MPa Seawater As annealed As annealed Air Life, Cycles Figure 2. fatigue strength at room temperature. Table 6- High Tensile Tests* Yield Strength F C ksi MPa ksi MPa % *Average of three heats,.25 in (6.4 mm) plate. Tensile Strength 1 7 Elongation Table 7 - Effect of -h High- Exposure on Room- Impact Strength Exposure Test Impact Strength F C F C ft-lbf J Figure 1. Effect of cold work on room temperature tensile properties. 2

3 Corrosion Resistance offers outstanding resistance to general corrosion, to stress-corrosion cracking, and to pitting and crevice corrosion. Its resistance to intergranular precipitation during welding maintains its corrosion-resistance in the heat-affect zones of welded joints. It offers resistance to both reducing and oxidizing acids and to mixed acid solutions. It is especially suited to handling mixed acids containing high concentrations of halides. It has shown good resistance to mixed acid media with ph levels of 1 or less, and chloride levels of over, ppm. Alloy resistance to pitting corrosion is often compared by reference to the so-called Pitting Resistance Equivalency Number - the PREN. Performance potential can be compared by the calculation: PREN = %Cr (%Mo + %W + %Nb) In ascending order of excellence, the highly alloyed is proved as the optimum choice among commercially available, pit-resistant, Ni-Cr-Mo alloys: Table 8 - Effect of Heat Treatment on IGA Resistance* Alloy Annealed Corrosion Rate, mpy (mm/a) Annealed + Reheated for 1h at: 14 F (76 C) 16 F (87 C) 18 F (98 C) 51 INCONEL alloy UNS N UNS N62 47 UNS N UNS N UNS N (.3) 13 (.33) 17 (.43) 27 (.69) INCONEL alloy 22 7 (.18) 222 (51) 1982 (5) 75 (1.9) UNS N622 6 (.15) 2283 (58) 256 (52) 236 (59) INCONEL alloy C (1.1) > (>25) > (>25) > (>25) *ASTM G-28, B. 24-Hour Test. 8% H 2 SO 4 at 8 C 2% HCl (Boiling) UNS N6455 W. Nr UNS N1276 W. Nr UNS N622 W. Nr INCONEL alloy 22 UNS N659 W. Nr UNS N6455 W. Nr UNS N1276 W. Nr UNS N622 W. Nr INCONEL alloy 22 UNS N659 W. Nr % H 2 SO 4 + 5% HCl at 8 C UNS N6455 W. Nr UNS N1276 W. Nr INCONEL alloy 22 UNS N659 W. Nr UNS N622 W. Nr Corrosion Rate, mm/y Figure 3. General corrosion-resistance of nickel base alloys in acid solutions. Special Metals laboratory test data. 3

4 , C Boiling point curve INCONEL alloy C-276 N659 INCONEL alloy , F, C Boiling Point Curve >5 mpy (>1.27 mm/a) 5 mpy (1.27 mm/a) 2 mpy 5 mpy (.13 mm/a) (.51 mm/a) , F H 2 SO 4 Concentration, % H 2 SO 4 Concentration, % 8 Figure 4. Comparative behavior of several nickel base alloys in sulfuric acid. The iso-corrosion lines indicate a corrosion rate of 2 mpy (.51 mm/y). Figure 5. Iso-corrosion chart for in sulfuric acid Boiling point curve Boiling point curve >5 mpy (>1.27 mm/a) 2, C INCONEL alloy C-276 N , F, C mpy ( mm/a) , F 5 INCONEL alloy mpy ( mm/a) INCONEL alloy HCl Concentration, % Figure 6. Comparative behavior of several nickel base alloys in hydrochloric acid. The iso-corrosion lines indicate a corrosion rate of 2 mpy (.51 mm/a) mpy (-.13 mm/a) Figure 7. Iso-corrosion chart for in hydrochloric acid HCl Concentration, %

5 Table 9 - Corrosion Rates in Acid Solutions a Corrosion Rate, mpy (mm/a) Alloy 8% 1% H 2 SO 1% H 2 SO 2% HCl 4 4 H 2 SO 4 + 2% HCl + 5% HCl Boiling 176 F (8 C) Boiling 176 F (8 C) b 4 (.1) 6 (.15) 132 (3.35) 34 (.86) UNSN (.58) 43 (1.9) 138 (3.51) - INCONELalloy (1.32) 52 (1.32) 279 (7.9) 82 (2.8) UNS N (1.3) 55 (1.4) 37 (9.4) 19 (2.77) a One week test duration. b Average of two tests. Table 1 - Corrosion Rates in Simulated FGD Outlet-Duct Environments a Alloy Solution One b Corrosion Rate, mpy (mm/a) Solution Two c Solution Three d 14 (.36) 23 (.58) 274 (6.96) UNS N (1.37) 28 (.71) 238 (6.5) INCONEL alloy (.31) 4 (1.2) 279 (7.9) UNS N659 8 (.21) 47 (1.2) 38 (7.82) a One week test duration. b 6% H 2 SO 4 +.5% HCl +.1% HF +.1% HNO 3 at 85 C (185 F). c 6% H 2 SO % HCl +.2% HF +.5% flyash at 8 C (176 F). d 7% H 2 SO % HCl +.2% HF at 15 C (221 F)., C mpy ( mm/y) 5 <5 mpy (<.13 mm/y) 1 15 >5 mpy (>1.3 mm/y) 2 Figure 8. Corrosion resistance of in hydrochloric acid + 5 ppm Fe +++. The iso-corrosion curves show temperatures and concentrations that cover the corrosion rate range from <5 mpy (<.13 mm/y) to >5 mpy (>1.3 mm/y). 25 % HCl + 5 ppm Fe +++ Boiling point curve 2-5 mpy ( mm/y) , F Table 11 - Corrosion Rates in Hydrochloric and Phosphoric Acids a Solution C F INCONEL alloy C-276 Corrosion Rate, mpy (mm/a) INCOLOY alloy 25-6MO INCONEL alloy 22 INCONEL alloy 686.2% HCl Boiling Boiling <1 (<.25) <1 (<.25) <1 (<.25) <1 (<.25) 1% HCl Boiling Boiling 13 (.33) 119 (3.2) 3 (.8) 2 (.5) 5% HCl (.33) 142 (3.61) 19 (.48) 1 (.25) (.1) 43 (1.9) 5 (.13) 2 (.5) 85% H 3 PO 4 Boiling Boiling 1 (.25) 114 (2.9) 13 (.33) 16 (.41) <1 (<.25) 11 (.3) <1 (<.25) <1 (<.25) a 192-h tests. 5

6 At 13 C INCONEL alloy C-276 N6455 INCONEL alloy C-276 At 125 C N62 N622 INCONEL alloy 22 At 135 C N659 At 14 C N Maximum Crevice Corrosion Depth (mm) Figure 9. Relative resistance of nickel base alloys to crevice corrosion as a function of temperature in Green Death solution (11.9% H 2 SO % HCl + 1.% FeCl % CuCl 2 ). Special Metals laboratory test data. Table 12 - Critical Crevice and Critical Pitting s in an Acidified 6% Ferric Chloride Solution (ASTM G48, Methods C & D) Alloy Critical Crevice Critical Pitting C F C F >85 >185 >85 >185 UNS N659 >85 >185 >85 >185 INCONEL alloy >85 >185 UNS N >85 >185 UNS N >85 >185 INCOLOY alloy 27-7MO >85 >185 UNS N >85 >185 INCOLOY alloy 25-6MO INCOLOY alloy AISI 316 Stainless Steel < <

7 Corrosion Resistance - Marine Applications exhibits excellent resistance to general, galvanic, and localized corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement in seawater (Tables 14,15 and 16). In addition, seawater has only a minor effect on the fatigue strength of the alloy (Figure 2). Thus, alloy 686 is an ideal material for marine service. Alloy 686 fasteners (bolts, nuts, studs, etc.) perform well in marine service. Alloy 686 can be strengthened by cold working to yield strength levels of 15 ksi if high strength bolting is required. These high strength fasteners offer essentially the same resistance to corrosion in seawater as annealed material. welding products (INCO-WELD 686CPT) are ideal for overlay of ferrous components for marine service. With their high alloy content and low iron content, overlays deposited with alloy 686 welding products offer excellent corrosion resistance. It is often possible to use thinner overlay deposited with fewer weld layers when using alloy 686 products as compared with other commonly used welding products (e.g., alloy C-276 welding products). Table 14 - Resistance to Crevice Corrosion in Chlorinated Seawater at 6 C for 6 days Material Tested Depth of Crevice Attack (mils) AISI 316 SS 2 DUPLEX SS INCONEL alloy Table 15 - Resistance to Crevice Corrosion in Quiescent Seawater at 25 C (77 F) for 6 Days Wrought Materials.23 Yes.1 (.4) INCONEL alloy Yes.2 (.8).1652 Yes.12 (5.) INCONEL alloy C-276 Sites Attacked/Available Maximum Attack, mm (mils) /6. () INCONEL alloy 625 2/6.11 (4) INCONEL alloy C-276 /6. () C-276 (UNS N1276)* /6.2 (1) Weldments Sites Attacked/Available Maximum Attack, mm (mils) INCO-WELD FM 686CPT /6. () INCONEL FM 625 1/2.49 (19) *Not SMC manufacturer. Table 16 - Resistance to Crevice Corrosion in Flowing Seawater at 14.4 C (58 F) for 18 Days Alloy Mass Loss (g) Crevice Corrosion Max. Depth of Attack, mm (mils) Nil No () Nil No () Nil No () Nil No () Table 13 - Resistance to Crevice Corrosion in Solution Saturated with Sodium Chloride and Sulfur Dioxide at 8 C (176 F) a Crevice Corrosion Edge Pitting Alloy Crevices Maximum Attack Maximum Attack Number of Pits Attacked, % mils mm mils mm Plate 1.3 <1 <.25 INCONEL alloy 22 b INCONEL alloy C-276 c Sheet <1 <.25 INCONEL alloy 22 b INCONEL alloy C-276 c a One week test duration. Each value is the average of three tests. b Contained shallow pits in random areas. c Contained deep pits in random areas. 7

8 INCONEL alloy 686 Fabrication is readily fabricated. Forming operations can be by standard methods used for other high-nickel alloys such as INCONEL alloys C-276, 22 and 625. Work hardening during cold forming may make intermediate annealing necessary. Hot forming should be between 16 and 225 F (87 and 123 C), with all heavy forming above 2 F (19 C). is normally annealed at F ( C) with rapid cooling. Welding is readily weldable and needs no post-weld heat treatment to restore corrosion resistance. Recommended welding products are INCO-WELD welding electrode 686CPT for shielded-metal-arc welding and INCO- WELD filler metal 686CPT for gas-metal-arc and gas-tungsten-arc processes. Information on joining is available in the Special Metals publication Joining or on our websites and Machining Information on machining is available in the Special Metals publication Machining or on our website Table 17 - Recommended Conditions for Turning with Single Point Tools Hardness Depth of Cut Surface Speed High Speed Steel in mm fpm m/min ipr mm/rev fpm m/min fpm m/min ipr m/rev 85R b / 1/4 T / 1/4 C-2 45R c /25 1/5 M /25 1/5 C-2 is designated as UNS N6686 and Werkstoff Number (NiCr21Mo16W). Allowable design stresses for ASME Section VIII, Division 1 construction for service up to 8 F are defined in ASME Code Case Alloy 686 is approved by VdTÜV for use at temperatures up to 4 C in Werkstoffblatt 515/ This alloy is approved under NACE MR175 for oil and gas service. is available in the following product forms: pipe, tube, sheet, strip, plate, round and hexagonal bar, forging stock, wire and wire rod in coil, and welding products. Relevant specifications for the various alloy products are: Rod, Bar, Wire and Forging Stock - ASTM B 564 / ASME SB 564, ASTM B 574 / ASME B 574, ASTM F 467, ASTM F 467 / F 476M, ASTM F 468 / F 468M, SAE J2271/ J2271M, SAE J228, SAE J2295, SAE J2484, SAE J2485, DIN 17752, DIN 17753, DIN Plate, Sheet and Strip - ASTM B 575 / ASME SB 575, ASTM B 96 / ASME SB 96, DIN 1775 Feed Available products and specifications Pipe and Tube - ASTM B 163 / ASME SB 163, ASTM B 619 / ASME SB 619, ASTM B 622 / ASME SB 622, ASTM B 626 / ASME SB 626, ASTM B 751 / ASME SB 751, ASTM B 775 / ASME SB 775, ASTM B 829 / ASME SB 829, DIN Welding Products - INCO-WELD Filler Metal 686CPT - AWS A5.14 / ERNiCrMo-14, INCO-WELD Welding Electrode 686CPT - AWS A5.11 / ENiCrMo-14 Tool Brazed Tool Surface Speed Carbide Throw Away Feed Tool 8

9 INCO-WELD 686CPT Welding Products INCO-WELD 686CPT welding products are used for joining nickel alloys such as INCONEL alloys 686, C-276 or 22, and UNS N622, N659 and N62 as well as duplex, super-duplex and super-austenitic stainless steels like INCOLOY alloys 25-6MO and 27-7MO, and UNS N8367, NO8926, and NO831. They are also useful for dissimilar metal welding, offering protection against preferential weld-metal attack when used for joining Mo-containing alloys or alloy-clad steels The corrosion resistance of welds made in these materials using the 686CPT consumables is consistently greater than that of welds made using matched composition welding products and usually better than that of the base metals themselves. They are used in chemical and petrochemical processing, pollution control, oil and gas extraction, oil refining, and in marine environments. INCO-WELD welding electrode 686CPT is an all-position shielded-metal-arc electrode. Filler metal 686CPT is used for gas-metal-arc and gas-tungsten-arc welding, and for submerged-arc welding using INCOFLUX NT12. Electroslag overlaying can also be carried out using INCO-WELD weldstrip 686CPT with INCOFLUX ESS1. For more information on INCO-WELD 686CPT and other welding products, contact Special Metals Corporation or visit our websites ( and www. specialmetalswelding.com). Table 18 - General corrosion resistance in 1% H2SO4 + 2% HCl, at 8 C, for 7 days a Base Metal/ Filler Metal GTAW sheet / 686CPT 16 (.4) 19 (.5) 23 (.6) INCONEL alloy 22/ 686CPT 45 (1.1) 42 (1.1) 43 (1.1) INCONEL alloy 22/ (1.4) 46 (1.2) 49 (1.2) UNS N622/ 686CPT 49 (1.2) 45 (1.1) 61 (1.5) UNS N622/ N (1.2) 5 (1.3) 7 (1.8) INCONEL alloy C-276/ 686CPT 29 (.7) b 24 (.6) 33 (.8) INCONEL alloy C-276/ C (.7) 26 (.7) 27 (.9) a Average corrosion rates from 2 tests, mpy (mm/a). b Slight heat-affected zone attack. GMAW-P sheet SMAW plate Table 19 - Pitting Results for Welded Plate Specimens* Base Metal Alloy Weld Filler Metal Maximum Pitting Depth of Attacks, mils (mm) Average Results for Duplicate Specimens GTAW GMAW-Pulsed SMAW Base Metal Weld Metal Base Metal Weld Metal Base Metal Weld Metal INCO-WELD 686CPT INCONEL alloy 22 INCO-WELD 686CPT 12 (.3) INCONEL alloy 22 INCONEL alloy (.3) UNS N622 INCO-WELD 686CPT 16 (.4) 8 (.2) UNS N622 N (.7) 54 (1.4) 49 (1.2) 45 (1.1) 33 (.8) 48 (1.2) INCONEL alloy C-276 INCO-WELD 686CPT 29 (.7) 18 (.5) 26 (.7) 19 (.5) 28 (.7) 3 (.8) INCONEL alloy C-276 INCONEL alloy C (.1) 34 (.9) 24 (.6) 41 (1.) 2 (.5) 43 (1.1) *Saturated SO % NaCl at 8 C for 336 hours. 9

10 INCONEL 686CPT Overmatched Welding Products Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys are widely used in pollution control, chemical processing, marine, pulp and paper, and oil and gas industries for their resistance to corrosion by many aggresive media, high strength, ease of fabrication, and versatility. Most applications require that the alloy products be welded. Because of the differences in melting points of the elements within these alloys (especially molybdenum) and the rapid solidification and cooling rates associated with welding, elemental segregation often occurs in welds. This results in some components of the as-cast weld structure being enriched in alloying elements while others are depleted. Thus, weldments can exhibit compromised corrosion resistance compared to the wrought base metal. To counter this effect, such alloys are joined with welding products with overmatching chemical composition. In other words, welding products with increased contents of the elements which tend to segregate, principally molybdenum, are used to offset the effects of segregation. For example, molybdenum-bearing austenitic and super-austenitic stainless steels (e.g., AISI Grades 316 and 317 stainless steel and INCOLOY alloy 25-6MO) are joined using INCONEL 622 or 625 welding products. Just as these welding products are successfully used with moderately alloyed grades, INCO-WELD 686CPT welding products produce overmatching weldments in highly alloyed, corrosion-resistant materials. The effectiveness of the 686CPT products in resisting corrosion when deposited in various corrosion-resistant alloys is seen in the data presented in Table 2 and the accompanying figures. While matching composition weldments are severely attacked by the aggressive media, the 686CPT weldments are fully resistant. welded with INCO-WELD Filler Metal 686CPT. Table 2 - Pitting Test Results for Welded Specimens in Green Death solution (11.9% H 2 SO % HCl + 1%FeCl 3 + 1% CuCl 2 )* Base Metal Alloy Weld Filler Metal Maximum Pitting Depth of Attacks, mils (mm) Average Results for Duplicate Specimens GTAW GMAW-Pulsed Base Metal Weld Metal Base Metal Weld Metal INCO-WELD 686CPT INCONEL alloy 22 INCO-WELD 686CPT INCONEL alloy 22 INCONEL alloy (4.8) 4 (.1) 33 (7.7) UNS N622** INCO-WELD 686CPT 35 (.9) 185 (4.7) 8 (.2) UNS N622** UNS N (.7) 224 (5.7) 63 (1.6) 118 (3.) INCONEL alloy C-276 INCO-WELD 686CPT INCONEL alloy C-276 INCONEL alloy C (6.2) 134 (3.4) UNS N62 INCO-WELD 686CPT - - UNS N62 UNS N62 94 (2.4) - - UNS N659 INCO-WELD 686CPT - - UNS N659 UNS N (1.3) - - *Boiling at 13 C for 72 Hours. **Not Special Metals Corporation manufacture. 1

11 INCO-WELD 686CPT INCONEL alloy C-276 welded with INCO-WELD Filler Metal 686CPT. INCONEL alloy C-276 welded with matching filler metal. INCONEL alloy 22 welded with INCO-WELD Filler Metal 686CPT. INCONEL alloy 22 welded with matching filler metal. VDM alloy 59 welded with INCO-WELD Filler Metal 686CPT. VDM alloy 59 welded with matching filler metal. 11

12 Hastelloy C-22 alloy welded with INCO-WELD Filler Metal 686CPT. Hastelloy C-22 alloy welded with matching filler metal. Hastelloy C-2 alloy welded with INCO-WELD Filler Metal 686CPT. Hastelloy C-2 alloy welded with matching filler metal. U.S.A. Special Metals Corporation 32 Riverside Drive Huntington, WV Phone +1 (34) (8) Fax +1 (34) Middle Settlement Road New Hartford, NY Phone +1 (315) (8) Fax +1 (315) United Kingdom Special Metals Wiggin Ltd. Holmer Road Hereford HR4 9SL England Phone +44 () Fax +44 () Special Metals Welding Products 141 Burris Road Newton, North Carolina 28658, USA Tel: (828) Fax: (828) Regal Road, Stratford-upon-Avon Warwickshire CV37 AZ, UK Tel: +44 () Fax: +44 () Controlled Products Group 59 Seaman Street, Stoney Creek Ontario L8E 4H1, Canada Tel: (95) Fax: (95) *HASTELLOY, C-2, and C-22 are trademarks of Haynes International, Inc.