Improved calcium fluoride shapes
|
|
- Eustace Lambert
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Ames Laboratory SC Technical Reports Ames Laboratory mproved calcium fluoride shapes D. R. Wilder owa State College E. S. Fitzsimmons owa State College Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Ceramic Materials Commons, and the Metallurgy Commons Recommended Citation Wilder, D. R. and Fitzsimmons, E. S., "mproved calcium fluoride shapes" (1954). Ames Laboratory SC Technical Reports This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Ames Laboratory at owa State University Digital Repository. t has been accepted for inclusion in Ames Laboratory SC Technical Reports by an authorized administrator of owa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact digirep@iastate.edu.
2 mproved calcium fluoride shapes Abstract The properties of calcium fluoride are discussed with relation to utilization in refractory crucibles or liners. Conventional methods of slip casting and dry pressing are found to be practical. Expansion, shrinkage, density, and porosity characteristics of the fired material are considered. Keywords Ames Laboratory Disciplines Ceramic Materials Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Metallurgy This report is available at owa State University Digital Repository:
3
4 U N C L A S S F E D SC-514 UNTED S T A T E S A T 0 M C E N E R G Y C 0 M M S S 0 N MPROVED CALCUM FLUORDE SHAPES by D. R. Wilder and E. S. Fitzsimmons September l, 1954 Ames Laboratory at owa State College F. H. Spedding, Director Contract W-7405 eng-82 U N C L A S S F E D
5 2 SC-514 This report is distributed according to the category Metallurgy and Ceramics as listed in TD-4500, July 15, 1954.
6 SC MPROVED CALCUM FLUORDE SHAPES by D. R. Wilder and E. S. Fitzsimmons ABSTRACT The properties of calcium fluoride are discussed with relation to utilization in refractory crucibles or liners. Cbnventional methods of slip casting and dry pressing are found to be practical. Expansion, shrinkage, density, and porosity characteristics of the fired material are considered.. NTRODUCTON Calcium fluoride, with a melting point of approximately 1350 c, has long been employed as a flux and mineralizer in cement and other.products. ts.use as a refractory is limited by its melting point and also to conditions permitting the presence of fluorides and for which the common oxide materials are unsuitable. These requirements occur in certain bomb reductions and in the melting of some metals. This brief, exploratory study was made to ascertain the feasibility of application of conventional forming procedures to calcium fluoride. The techniques employed are possible in many laboratories and are suited to occasional production of small pieces. Some of the properties which govern the usefulness of the resulting specimens were also determined.. PREVOUS NVESTGATONS The literature contains much information pertaining to the fluxing and mineralizing action of CaF2(l,2,3), but little mention is made of the refractory properties. Dony-Henault and Polydoroff (4) discuss the use of linings capable of withstanding 1248 c. Eichner and Caillat (5) used calcium fluoride as a crucible for uranium metal and fluorine compounds at temperatures as high as 12oo c. Gray (6) reported attack of calcium fluoride by molten cerium.
7 4 SC-514 Allison and Murray (7) studied many of the fundamental properties of CaF2 in a sintering investigation. They found the coefficient of thermal expansion varied from approximately 21 x 10-6 to 26 x 10-6 depending on the density of the specimen considered. Murray and Taylor (8) found free lime formation to be responsible for failure in crucibles formed from technical grade CaF2 containing small amounts of silica. Tricalcium silicate was formed during firing and decomposed to form free lime when cooled. Subsequent hydration of the free lime caused disintegration.. NVESTGATON All of the material employed was chemically pure reagent grade calcium fluoride.* The powder was placed in fired calcium fluoride crucibles and calcined for one hour at 1000 C. The calcine was then dry milled in a porcelain ball mill for 23 and 48 hours at 60 rpm. t was washed from the mill and dried. The particle size distributions were determined by the hydrometer method (9) and are shown in Figure 1. Pellets were formed from the dried powder in g hardened steel die. The pressures employed were approximately 10,000; 20,000; and 30,000 psi. A 10% water addition was made to facilitate pressing. The dry pressed bars used for thermal expansion were formed at approximately 6,600 psi with a similar water addition. Bar shaped. specimens were also slip cast in plaster molds from both ~article distributions using hydrochloric acid and ammonium hydroxide to adjust the ph. n preparing these slips, the variation in viscosity _with ph was studied with a MacMicheal viscosimeter. V. RESULTS The ph-viscosity relation occurring in aqueous suspensions of calcium fluoride is noted in Figure 2 for one specific gravity. The same general curve was also found to occur at lower specific gravities. The influence of particle size is especially noticeable in these curves. The most satisfactory ph for slip casting was found to be approximately 5 for this specific gravity. This gave casts which were fairly rapid, freed from the mold in a reasonable length of time, and gave less mold attack than more acidic slips. The specific gravity of 2.1 was found to be satisfactory for the casting of small crucibles and solid shapes. The linear shrinkage occurring on firing dry pressed and slip cast calcium fluoride in air is shown in Figure 3. All specimens were held at temperature one hour. The highest shrinkage occurs in the pellets compacted at the lowest pressure, 10,000 psi. This *Supplied by Baker and Adamson.
8 SC EQUVALENT DAMETER(") Figure 1 - Particle Size Distributions. Ball Milled Calcium Fluoride.
9 6 SC-514 loj gl20 z loj (,) ~ HOURS iii 0 (,) en > HOURS \ 40 \ \ \ ph 14 Figure 2 - ph-viscosity Relations of Aqueous Suspensions of Calcium Fluoride.
10 SC hr 10,000 psi 1& hr Cl) c 48 hr ~ z 20,000 psi ' () 23 hr G: :J: Cl) 48 hr 8 30,000 psi ' G: 23 hr c 1&.1 z + 48hr :::; at 6 4 TEMPERATURE c Figu~e 3 - Linear Shrinkage of Dry Pressed Calcium Fluoride.
11 8 SC-514 is as expected since the dry pressing compaction is additive to the compaction or sintering produced by elevation in temperature. When the compacts are measured after pressing, the additional dimensional change produced by heat treatment will be less in the compacts of original greatest density. As will be seen later, the highest shrinkage does not indicate greatest density nor lowest porosity in a pressure sensitive material such as calcium fluoride. The shrinkage occurring in slip cast bars is average as compared to the dry pressed specimens. Crucibles cast from this same batch were found to be water tight and relatively impervious. The relative density was determined on a basis of 3.18 gm/cc as the theoretical crystal density. The results of this determination are shown graphically in Figure 4. The highest values are all very close, the maximum density developed is with the finest material compacted under the greatest pressure. This maximum is achieved at about 1000 C and has a shrinkage, as noted in Figure 3, of a little over 8%. The slight indication of a bloating condition, not apparent in the pieces, but obvious from the decrease in the relative densities above 1000 C makes it desirable to fire at this temperature. Higher firing does not improve the properties. The total porosities; i.e., all open and closed pores in the fired volume, are plotted in Figure 5. Again a minimum is found at approximately 1000 C. Many of the points are below 10%, indicating a very dense body. Many of these specimens would be water tight under moderate pressures. Thermal expansion data for the bars formed are shown in Figure 6. The variation is slight betweeq the different forming and firing conditions. The average coefficient of thermal expansion, between 500 C and 900 C is approximately 27.9 x This indicatgs low thermal shock resistance as compared to values of 8 x 10- for alumina and 14 x 10-6 for magnesia (10). V. CONCLUSONS 1. Calcium fluoride may be slip cast in aqueous suspensions. For the particle distributions studied, a ph of 5 and specific gravity of 2.1 were found satisfactory. Particle size has a noticeable effect on the viscosity at any ph. 2. Dry pressing was found to be a satisfactory method of forming. ncreased compacting pressures increased the density and decreased the total porosity. Specimens fired to 1000 C were quite dense and had low porosity. 3. Firing to temperatures above 1000 C is not required nor desirable. A decrease in relative density and an increase in total porosity were found to occur above this temperature.
12 SC >-... (/) z LU ~ ---- ~ A~--'-& f 8~ <1: A 48 hr LU >......J LU 28 a: Q4 500 TEMPERATURE oc 0 hr ' 48 hr 20,000 C> 23 hr A 48 hr 23 hr 10,000 psi psi 30,000 psi Figure 4 - Relative Densities Calcium Fluoride Specimens.
13 10 SC-514 ' 60 >-... J) 0 ~..J <X... ~ ~ 4 ~ 48 hr 0 23 hr 10,000 psi ' ' 48 hr () 2 3 hr 48 hr 2 3 hr 20,000 psi 30,000 psi TEMPERATURE oc Figure 5 - Total Porosities Calcium Fluoride Specimens.
14 SC DRY PRESSED FRED 1000 C 6 SLP CAST 1000 C a DRY PRESSED 1200 C D SLP CAST C r D b. b. p D z 2... c b. (.!) z 0.J ~ ~ Figure 6 - Thermal Expansion of Calcium Fluoride Bars.
15 12 SC Thermal expansion was found to be quite similar in all of the specimens measured. Thus changes in forming procedure or firing temperature are not successful in reducing the susceptibility of calcium fluoride to thermal shock. V. LTERATURE CTED Wilhelm ;Eitel, The Physical Chemistry of the Silicates, University of ChicagoP'ress, Chicago, llinois, p (1954). c. Booth and W. J. Rees, "Basic Refractories, ' Their Use in the Linings of nduction Furnaces," ron Steel nst. (London) Carnegie Schol. Mem. 26, (1937). 3. V. F. Zhuravlev,. G. Lesokhin, and R. G. Tempel'man, "Kinetics in the Formation of Calcium Aluminates and the Role of Mineralizers," Zhur. Priklad. Khim. (J. Applied Chern.) 21, (1948) Dony-Henault and B. Polydoroff, "Preliminary Statement on the Preparation of New Ceramic Linings Made from Metallic Fluorides," Bull. Classe Sci. Acad. Roy. Belg. 28, No. l/3, (1942) C. Eichner and R. Caillat, "Manufacture of Objects in Fritted Pure Calcium Fluoride, 11 Bull. Soc. Chern. France, p. 139 (1951). 6. P. M. J. Gray, "The Production of Pure Cerium Metal by Electrolytic and Thermal Reduction Process," Trans. nt. Mining Met. (London) 61, p. 4 (in Bull. No. 542, (1952)). 7. E. B. Allison and P. Murray, "A Fundamental nvestigation of Sintering Phenomena," Atomic Energy Research Establishment Report M/R 1099 (1953). 8. P. Murray and J. Taylor, "Free Lime in Sintered Calcium Fluoride Crucibles, 11 At omic Energy Research Establishment Report M/R 1097 ( 1953). 9. A. Casagrande, Hydrometer Method for Determination of Fineness Distribution in Soils, Julius Springer, Berlin ( F. H. Norton, Refractories, Third Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, p. 320 (1949).
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University [Girls], Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt **
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria Rok 33 Zeszyt 4 2009 Marwa A.G. Elngar*, Fatma M. Mohamed**, Salwa A.H. El-Bohy*, Carmen M. Sharaby*, Mohamed El-Menshawi H. Shalabi** FACTORS AFFECTED THE PERFORMANCE OF FIRE
More informationAn Attempt to Develop Sulfate Bonded Alumino Silicate Refractories
An Attempt to Develop Sulfate Bonded Alumino Silicate Refractories D. Sarkar 1*, P.Sengupta 1, N.R. Bhattacharya 1, S. Das 1, P.K. Das. Poddar 2 1 Sarvesh Refractory (P) Ltd, Power House Road, Rourkela
More informationMSE 351 Engineering Ceramics I
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Ceramic Processing Oxide for ceramics have high melting points. MSE 351 Engineering Ceramics I Ing. Anthony Andrews (PhD) Department of Materials
More informationEffect of Nano-Sized Fe 2 O 3 on Microstructure and Hydration Resistance of MgO-CaO Refractories
Int. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., Vol. 12, No. 1, March. 2016, pp. 19-26 Effect of Nano-Sized Fe 2 O 3 on Microstructure and Hydration Resistance of MgO-CaO Refractories S. G. Kahrizsangi*, A. Nemati, A.
More informationHaseeb Ullah Khan Jatoi Department of Chemical Engineering UET Lahore
Haseeb Ullah Khan Jatoi Department of Chemical Engineering UET Lahore Greek word Keramikos which means Burnt Stuff indicating that desired properties of these materials are normally achieved through a
More informationProcessing of Ceramic Materials
MME 131: Introduction to Metallurgy and Materials Lecture 25 Processing of Ceramic Materials AKMB Rashid Professor, MME Dept BUET, Dhaka Today s Topics Glass Forming Processes Ceramics Forming Processes
More informationEffects of slag chemistry and temperature on wetting and penetration of refractories by slags
TRAN, T., XIE, D. and CHENG, Y.B. Effects on slag chemistry and temperature on wetting and penetration of refractories by slags. VII International Conference on Molten Slags Fluxes and Salts, The South
More information1.6.3 Measurement of Linear Coefficients of Thermal Expansion Thermal Strains Thermal Shock
1 The Properties of Refractory and Heat Insulation Materials... 1 1.1 Classifications and Some Words About Quality Control... 1 1.2 Density, Porosity, and Related Characteristics; Types of Porosity....................................
More informationTECHNICAL CERAMICS.
2018 Specialty Aluminas FOR TECHNICAL CERAMICS www.alteo-alumina.com markets & applications Alumina is one of the most important oxide materials for technical ceramics and is used in a wide range of applications.
More informationSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITION AND TEMPERATURE FOR ALUMINA CRUCIBLE FABRICATION
Suranaree J. Sci. Technol. Vol. 20 No. 4; October - December 2013 317 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITION AND TEMPERATURE FOR ALUMINA CRUCIBLE FABRICATION Nonglak Meethong 1, Jariyaporn Sirirot 1, and
More informationTHEORY AND APPLICATION OF MAGNESIA RAMMING MATERIAL IN FERROALLOY REFINING FURNACES
THEORY AND APPLICATION OF MAGNESIA RAMMING MATERIAL IN FERROALLOY REFINING FURNACES S. Wang 1, Y. Jin 2 and G. Li 2 1 Jilin Ferroalloy Company Limited, No.21 Heping Street, Jilin, 132062, China. E-mail:
More informationEffects of Cement Type and Fly Ash on the Sulfate Attack Using ASTM C 1012
Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol.16 No.1, pp.13~138, February, 24 today s construction industry. Effects of Cement Type and Fly Ash on the Sulfate Attack Using ASTM C 112 Nam-Shik Ahn 1)* Dept.
More informationDr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University Mech 421/6511 lecture 12/2
POWDER METALLURGY Characterization of Engineering Powders Production of Metallic Powders Conventional Pressing and Sintering Alternative Pressing and Sintering Techniques Materials and Products for PM
More informationInvestigation of Appropriate Refractory Material for Laboratory Electritic Resistrance Furnance
Investigation of Appropriate Refractory Material for Laboratory Electritic Resistrance Furnance Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria E-mail: joe_agboola@yahoo.com
More informationInventor: Christopher P. Boring CERMET CRUCIBLE FOR METALLURGICAL PROCESSING. DOE Docket S-7 9,301 DISCLAIMER
I I P ~ ~ T E u~sj- -- A 8 I gb3bq DOE Docket S-7 9,301 0 0 d d c-4 d F 4 k 0 m CERMET CRUCIBLE FOR METALLURGICAL PROCESSING Inventor: Christopher P. Boring DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an a
More informationLecture Outline. Mechanical Properties of Ceramics. Mechanical properties of ceramics. Mechanical properties of ceramics
Mechanical properties of ceramics Lecture Outline Mechanical properties of ceramics Applications of ceramics abrication of Glasses Glass properties Processing of Ceramics Dr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept.
More informationFabrication and thermal properties of Al 2 TiO 5 /Al 2 O 3 composites
Materials Science-Poland, Vol. 28, No. 3, 2010 Fabrication and thermal properties of Al 2 TiO 5 /Al 2 O 3 composites M. LI, F. CHEN, Q. SHEN *, L. ZHANG State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials
More informationCERAMIC MATERIALS I. Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ. Office Hours: Thursday, 09:30-10:30 am.
CERAMIC MATERIALS I Office Hours: Thursday, 09:30-10:30 am. akalemtas@mu.edu.tr, akalemtas@gmail.com, Phone: 211 19 17 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department CLASSIFICATION OF CERAMICS Ceramic
More informationIMPROVING THERMO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TABULAR ALUMINA CASTABLES VIA USING NANO STRUCTURED COLLOIDAL SILICA
254 Nanomaterials: Applications and Properties (NAP-2011). Vol. 2, Part II IMPROVING THERMO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TABULAR ALUMINA CASTABLES VIA USING NANO STRUCTURED COLLOIDAL SILICA Alireza Souri *,
More informationAdvanced Master Course Process Technology of Metals
Institut für Eisenhüttenkunde Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen Advanced Master Course Process Technology of Metals (Part: Ferrous Process Metallurgy) Prof. Dr.-Ing. D. Senk 16-04-2010
More informationWaste Colored Glasses as Sintering Aid in Ceramic Tiles Production
Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol. 5, No.2, pp 119-129, 2006 jmmce.org Printed in the USA. All rights reserved Waste Colored Glasses as Sintering Aid in Ceramic Tiles
More informationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AL/CALCINED DOLOMITE METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE BY POWDER METALLURGY ROUTE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AL/CALCINED DOLOMITE METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE BY POWDER METALLURGY ROUTE B.Johar, N.A.Rejab, N.K.Su, M.S.Talib, A.F.Osman, N.M.S.Adzali, M.H.Musa, UniMAP, Academics Complex-Jejawi
More informationProperties of Concrete. Properties of Concrete. Properties of Concrete. Properties of Concrete. Properties of Concrete. Properties of Concrete
CIVL 1112 Contrete Introduction from CIVL 1101 1/10 Concrete is an artificial conglomerate stone made essentially of Portland cement, water, and aggregates. While cement in one form or another has been
More informationInvestigation and Comparison of the Strength Properties of Lightweight Concretes Containing LECA and Waste Glass
J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., (12S) 21-26, 201 201, TextRoad Publication ISSN: 2090-4274 Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences www.textroad.com Investigation and Comparison of the Strength
More informationAfyon Kocatepe University, Afyon Engineering Faculty Department of Ceramic Engineering / Afyon-TURKEY
Key Engineering Materials Online: 2004-05-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 264-268, pp 965-968 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.264-268.965 2004 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Effect of CaF 2 Addition
More informationNew Developments in Glass Contact Refractory Channel Blocks
New Developments in Glass Contact Refractory Channel Blocks The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a new refractory material specifically for use as forehearth channel blocks. However
More informationPROPERTY OPTIMIZATION IN SYNTHETIC PRODUCTION OF PLASTER OF PARIS FOR USE AS DENTAL MATERIAL
PROPERTY OPTIMIZATION IN SYNTHETIC PRODUCTION OF PLASTER OF PARIS FOR USE AS DENTAL MATERIAL Abstract An alternative resource for the procurement of dental plaster, a material predominantly used in dentistry
More informationMSE 352 Engineering Ceramics II
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana MSE 352 Engineering Ceramics II Ing. Anthony Andrews (PhD) Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering
More informationInvestigating the Effects of High Alumina Cement and Silica Sand on the Suitability of Ikere Ekiti Clay for Refractory Applications
American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-issn: 2320-0847 p-issn : 2320-0936 Volume-6, Issue-6, pp-24-28 www.ajer.org Research Paper Open Access Investigating the Effects of High Alumina Cement
More informationMicrostructure and characteristics of BaTiO 3 ceramic with 4PbO B 2 O 3 (sintering aid)
Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 116 [7] 797-802 2008 Paper Microstructure and characteristics of BaTiO 3 ceramic with 4PbO B 2 O 3 (sintering aid) Chun-Huy WANG Department of Electronic Engineering,
More informationA Study on Injection Moulding of Two Different Pottery Bodies
A Study on Injection Moulding of Two Different Pottery Bodies M. Y. Anwar 1, M. Zubair 1, M. Ajmal 1, and M. T. Z. Butt 2 1. Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, UET Lahore. 2. Faculty
More informationEffect of Materials Design on Properties of Porcelain Insulators
Effect of Materials Design on Properties of Porcelain Insulators Substitution of alumina for silica improved the mechanical properties of high-voltage porcelain insulators but did not have a significant
More informationEFFECT OF BULK DENSITY VARIATION ON THE COMPRESSION STRENGTH OF CLAY-SODIUM SILICATE-BONDED MOULDING SAND
EFFECT OF BULK DENSITY VARIATION ON THE COMPRESSION STRENGTH OF CLAY-SODIUM SILICATE-BONDED MOULDING SAND S. A. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Osun
More informationQuestion 6.1: Copper can be extracted by hydrometallurgy but not zinc. Explain. The reduction potentials of zinc and iron are lower than that of copper. In hydrometallurgy, zinc and iron can be used to
More informationProduction of Porous Refractory Metals with Controlled Pore Size
Production of Porous Refractory Metals with Controlled Pore Size Neal Myers, Tim Meuller, and Randall German Abstract: High porosity Nb, Mo-Re, and Ir metals with controlled pore size have been produced
More informationPowder metallurgy. R.D.Makwana, IT, NU
Powder metallurgy History 1829 Woolaston- paper published Edison-electric light-filament 1909 Coolidge tungsten worked at elevated temperature New method of fabrication-refractory metals 1 Advantages of
More informationPhysical Properties of Materials
Physical Properties of Materials Manufacturing Materials, IE251 Dr M. Saleh King Saud University Manufacturing materials --- IE251 lect-7, Slide 1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 1. Volumetric and Melting
More informationTable of Contents. Section 1 Introduction Introduction Cast Iron Defi nition Description of Properties...1-5
Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction... 1-1 Introduction...1-2 Cast Iron Defi nition...1-3 Description of Properties...1-5 Section 2 Gray Iron... 2-1 Gray Iron Description of Grades...2-2 G1 Partially
More informationPROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF ULTRAFINE GRAIN NZP CERAMICS. Project #DE-FGOI -95EE Quarterly Progress Report #3.
PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF ULTRAFINE GRAIN NZP CERAMICS Project #DE-FGOI -95EE15598 Quarterly Progress Report #3 for the Period October 28,1995 - January 27,1996 Prepared by J.J. Brown c Materials
More informationDensification and dielectric properties of barium neodymium titanium oxide ceramics
Materials Science and Engineering B98 (2003) 33/37 www.elsevier.com/locate/mseb Densification and dielectric properties of barium neodymium titanium oxide ceramics Chung-Hsin Lu *, Yung-Hsiang Huang Electronic
More informationLaboratory Investigations of the Electrical Resistivity of Cokes and Smelting Charge for Optimizing Operation in Large Ferrochrome Furnaces
Southern African Pyrometallurgy 2006, Edited by R.T. Jones, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Johannesburg, 5-8 March 2006 Laboratory Investigations of the Electrical Resistivity of Cokes
More informationEffects of CaO B 2 O 3 Glass on Sintering and Microwave Properties of Cordierite Ceramics for Low-Temperature Cofired
Ahmed M. Jasim * Hussain J. Hameed Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babil, Hilla, Babil, IRAQ * ahmedm80@hotmail.com Effects of CaO B 2 O 3 Glass on Sintering
More informationGeneral Principle of Isolation of Elements (NCERT)
Question 6.1: Copper can be extracted by hydrometallurgy but not zinc. Explain. The reduction potentials of zinc and iron are lower than that of copper. In hydrometallurgy, zinc and iron can be used to
More informationGENARAL INTRODUCTION TO METALLURGY :Std: XI-CHEMISTRY
GENARAL INTRODUCTION TO METALLURGY :Std: XI-CHEMISTRY 1. What is matrix? The ore is generally associated with rock impurities like clay, sand etc. called gangue or matrix 2. What is mineral? The natural
More informationMost castables and gun mixes. Better Refractories through NANOTECHNOLOGY
SPECIAL FOCUS REFRACTORIES A robot applies the colloidal silica bonded shotcrete material to a blast furnace. Better Refractories through NANOTECHNOLOGY by Michael Anderson, Senior Research Engineer, Magneco/
More informationPerformance of alusilica as mineral admixture in cementitious systems
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Feb 01, 2019 Performance of alusilica as mineral admixture in cementitious systems Chi, Lin; Jensen, Ole Mejlhede Published in: Publication date: 2016 Document Version
More informationRAPID PATTERN BASED POWDER SINTERING TECHNIQUE AND RELATED SHRINKAGE CONTROL
RAPID PATTERN BASED POWDER SINTERING TECHNIQUE AND RELATED SHRINKAGE CONTROL Jack G. Zhou and Zongyan He ABSTRACT Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Drexel University 3141 Chestnut Street
More informationChapter 11: Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys
Chapter 11: Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys ISSUES TO ADDRESS... What are some of the common fabrication techniques for metals? What heat treatment procedures are used to improve the mechanical
More informationLime Group Australia. Australian supplier & distributor of premium Hydrated Lime
Lime Group Australia Australian supplier & distributor of premium Hydrated Lime Hydrated Lime manufactured to meet the highest standards of quality. Who we are Lime Group Australia is a leading supplier
More informationEffect of high temperature and type of cooling on some mechanical properties of cement mortar
Effect of high temperature and type of cooling on some mechanical properties of cement mortar Faisal Abdulhussei 1, Waleed Abbas 2 and Qais Frayyeh 2, * 1 Madenat al-elem University College, Baghdad, Iraq
More informationCeramic and glass technology
1 Row materials preperation Plastic Raw materials preperation Solid raw materials preperation Aging wet milling mastication Mixing seving Grain size reduction Milling Crushing Very fine milling Fine milling
More informationMSE 352 Engineering Ceramics II
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana MSE 352 Engineering Ceramics II 3 Credit Hours Ing. Anthony Andrews (PhD) Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Chemical
More informationREFRACTORIES. Definition Classification Properties Manufacture of refractory bricks Properties and applications of Refractory bricks
Topics REFRACTORIES Definition Classification Properties Manufacture of refractory bricks Properties and applications of Refractory bricks Definition Substances which can with stand high temperature without
More informationA MODEL ALUMINA BASED INVESTMENT CASTING CERAMIC CORE BODY SYSTEM
Journal of Materials Science and Engineering with Advanced Technology Volume 2, Number 1, 2010, Pages 11-25 A MODEL ALUMINA BASED INVESTMENT CASTING CERAMIC CORE BODY SYSTEM Industrial Technology Research
More informationMethods of manufacture
1 Methods of manufacture For Ceramics (see (b)) Crush raw materials Shape the crushed raw materials (various means) Dry & fire Apply finishing operations, as needed; to achieve required dimensional tolerances
More informationPROTECTING REFRACTORIES AGAINST CORUNDUM GROWTH IN ALUMINUM TREATMENT FURNACES. C. Allaire and M. Guermazi
PROTECTING REFRACTORIES AGAINST CORUNDUM GROWTH IN ALUMINUM TREATMENT FURNACES C. Allaire and M. Guermazi CIREP-CRNF, Dept. of Eng. Physics & Materials Engng., Ecole Polytechnique (CRIQ campus), 8475 Christophe
More informationGENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS
INTEXT QUESTIONS GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS Question 6.1: Which of the ores mentioned in Table 6.1 can be concentrated by magnetic separation method? If the ore or the gangue
More informationCost effective manufacturing of tungsten heavy alloy foil and sheet material
Manuscript refereed by Mr Dov Chaiat (Tungsten Powder Technology, Israel) Cost effective manufacturing of tungsten heavy alloy foil and sheet material D. Handtrack, B. Tabernig, H. Kestler, L.S. Sigl PLANSEE
More informationEffect of Silicon Carbide on Reactions between Molten Steel and Fused Magnesia Silicon Carbide Composite Refractory
Effect of Silicon Carbide on Reactions between Molten Steel and Fused Magnesia Silicon Carbide Composite Refractory Interactions between MgO SiC composite and liquid steel resulted in decomposition of
More informationELECTRICAL CONTACTS BY POWDER METALLURGY. Submitted by Priyanshu Jain (12518)
ELECTRICAL CONTACTS BY POWDER METALLURGY Submitted by Priyanshu Jain (12518) 1 OUTLINE Electrical contacts: Introduction Desirable Properties of contact material Contact material selection Manufacturing
More informationStudy on Strength Properties of Concrete by Partially Replacing Fine Aggregate as Steel Slag
Study on Properties of Concrete by Partially Replacing Fine Aggregate as Steel Slag J. Vidhya, R. Dhilipkumar Assistant Professor, The Kavery College of Engineering, Mecheri,Salem Abstract Most of the
More informationMgO modification of slag from stainless steelmaking
ERIKSSON, J and BJÖRKMAN, B. MgO modification of slag from stainless steelmaking. VII International Conference on Molten Slags Fluxes and Salts, The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2004.
More informationTitleTHE SASAKI LABORATORY Author(s) Sasaki, Nobuji Citation The Commemoration volume for the si 117 Issue Date 1951-02-15 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/74792 Right Type Article Textversion publisher
More informationChemical reactivity of oxide materials with uranium and uranium trichloride
Korean J. Chem. Eng., 27(6), 1786-1790 (2010) DOI: 10.1007/s11814-010-0410-5 INVITED REVIEW PAPER Chemical reactivity of oxide materials with uranium and uranium trichloride Sung Ho Lee, Choon Ho Cho,
More informationPorous NiTi alloy prepared from elemental powder sintering
Porous Ti alloy prepared from elemental powder sintering Bing-Yun Li, Li-Jian Rong and Yi-Yi Li Laboratory of Atomic Imaging of Solids, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang
More informationExperimental O 3. Results and discussion
Introduction Surface coatings to protect against oxidation extend the service temperature and the service life of basic metals. The commercially used coating systems can be divided into three main groups:
More informationOriginal papers. M. R. Pouyamehr, Z. A. Nemati*, M. A. Faghihi Sani*, R. Naghizadeh**
Original papers The effect of dolomite type and Al 2 O 3 content on the phase composition in aluminous cements containing spinel M. R. Pouyamehr, Z. A. Nemati*, M. A. Faghihi Sani*, R. Naghizadeh** Materials
More informationMetals are generally ductile because the structure consists of close-packed layers of
Chapter 10 Why are metals ductile and ceramics brittle? Metals are generally ductile because the structure consists of close-packed layers of atoms that allow for low energy dislocation movement. Slip
More informationFRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR CERAMIC TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS IKTS CENTER OF COMPETENCE POWDER TECHNOLOGY
FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR CERAMIC TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS IKTS CENTER OF COMPETENCE POWDER TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT DESIGN READY-TO-PRESS-POWDER (PREMIX) POWDER FOR THERMAL CLADDING AND SPRAYING FUNCTIONAL POWDERS
More informationComparison Thermal and Hardness of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O5 Glass from Different Sources of Kaolin Minerals as Main Raw Mineral
International Journal of Current Science, Engineering & Technology Original Research Article Open Access AMCT 2017 Malaysia Special Issue ISSN : 2581-4311 Comparison Thermal and Hardness of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O5
More informationConcrete Technology. 1- Neville, AM and Brooks J.J." Concrete Technology" Second Edition, 2010.
Syllabus. Introduction 2. Cement 3. Aggregate 4. Fresh Concrete 5. Strength of Concrete 6. Elasticity, Shrinkage and Creep 7. Concrete Durability 8. Concrete Mix Design 9. Special Concretes Text Book -
More informationDegree of Hydration and Strength Development of Low Water-to-Cement Ratios in Silica Fume Cement System
International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 05 10 Degree of Hydration and Strength Development of Low Water-to-Cement Ratios in Silica Fume Cement System Dillshad
More informationCEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS Definition: Defined as a product material obtained by calcination of calcareous (a material containing lime) and argillaceous (a material which contain silica) materials. According
More informationMineral-based secondary binders, utilization, and considerations in mix design. Exercise 5
Mineral-based secondary binders, utilization, and considerations in mix design Exercise 5 Mineral-based secondary binders Fly ash filler secondary binder (pozzolan) Ground granulated blastfurnace slag
More informationAl2O3-MgO system: magnesia and spinel Magnesia
Al 2 O 3 -MgO system: magnesia and spinel 1-1.2. Magnesia Magnesium oxide (MgO, magnesia) occurs naturally as the mineral periclase; a metamorphic mineral formed by the breakdown of dolomite, CaMg (CO
More informationSTRENGTH PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER MORTAR CONTAINING BINARY AND TERNARY BLENDS OF BENTONITE
STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER MORTAR CONTAINING BINARY AND TERNARY BLENDS OF BENTONITE K. Srinivasan and A. Sivakumar Structural Engineering Division, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India E-Mail:
More informationUnit-V Chemistry of Engineering Materials
Unit-V Chemistry of Engineering Materials Basic terms and definition Cement A material possesses adhesive and cohesive properties and capable of bonding materials like bricks, stones, building blocks,
More informationFIXED PROSTHODONTICS Page 1 Lecture: "Dental Porcelains" REVIEW OF CERAMICS AND PORCELAINS: A. Review of Definitions and Terminology:
FIXED PROSTHODONTICS Page 1 Lecture: "Dental Porcelains" REVIEW OF CERAMICS AND PORCELAINS: A. Review of Definitions and Terminology: 1. Ceramic = Any compound involving metallic and non-metallic elements.
More informationSUITABILITY STUDY OF SOYBEANS HUSK ASH AS A MIXING MATERIAL TO OPC: EFFECT OF CALCINATION TIME-PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS SUITABILITY STUDY OF SOYBEANS HUSK ASH AS A MIXING MATERIAL TO OPC: EFFECT OF CALCINATION TIME-PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ABSTRACT 1 Taku K. J. *, 2 Amartey Y. D. 1
More informationPARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN CONCRETE WITH SUGAR CANE BAGASSE ASH- BEHAVIOUR IN HCl SOLUTION
http:// PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN CONCRETE WITH SUGAR CANE BAGASSE ASH- BEHAVIOUR IN HCl SOLUTION ABSTRACT K Meeravali 1, K V G D Balaji 2, T. Santhosh Kumar 3 1 PG Student, 2 Professor, 3 Assistant
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CEMENT BINDERS REINFORCED WITH WOLLASTONITE MICRO-FIBRES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CEMENT BINDERS REINFORCED WITH WOLLASTONITE MICRO-FIBRES Norman M. P. Low Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada J. J. Beaudoin
More informationTHE EFFECT OF MAGNESITE ADDITION ON THE PROPERTIES AND PRODUCTION PROCESS OF LOW POROSITY PORCELAIN TYPE CERAMICS
Presentation 13/01/2003 THE EFFECT OF MAGNESITE ADDITION ON THE PROPERTIES AND PRODUCTION PROCESS OF LOW POROSITY PORCELAIN TYPE CERAMICS C.A.Sikalidis (1), Th. Zampetakis (2), C. Dagilas (2) (1) Department
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF TRIETANOLAMINE (TEA) ON CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESH AND HARDENED MORTARS CONTAINING LIMESTONE POWDER
NATURA MONTENEGRINA, Podgorica, 9(3):867-881 THE INFLUENCE OF TRIETANOLAMINE (TEA) ON CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESH AND HARDENED MORTARS CONTAINING LIMESTONE POWDER Jozefita MARKU*, Vaso KOZETA**, Caja SHQIPONJA
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL ALLOYING DURATION ON SELECTED PROPERTIES OF SINTERED DISTALOY SE SAMPLES
ANNALS of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara International Journal of Engineering Tome XIV [2016] Fascicule 2 [May] ISSN: 1584-2665 [print; online] ISSN: 1584-2673 [CD-Rom; online] a free-access multidisciplinary
More informationCan Fluorspar be replaced in steelmaking? Eugene Pretorius Baker Refractories
Can Fluorspar be replaced in steelmaking? By Eugene Pretorius Baker Refractories I) Introduction The use of fluorspar in steelmaking is a controversial issue. A number of studies have shown that there
More informationChemical Activation of Low Calcium Fly Ash Part 1: Identification of Suitable Activators and their Dosage
Chemical Activation of Low Calcium Fly Ash Part 1: Identification of Suitable Activators and their Dosage P. Arjunan 1, M. R. Silsbee 2, and D. M. Roy 2, 1 Custom Building Products, 6515, Salt Lake Ave,
More informationConcrete Technology. Brief Recap
Concrete Technology Brief Recap Manufacturing Process of Portland Cement Raw material for cement Calcareous Materials e.g. limestone Chalk marl Argillaceous materials e.g. Clay Shale Calcarious:Composed
More informationDIRECT LASER SINTERING OF BOROSILICATE GLASS
DIRECT LASER SINTERING OF BOROSILICATE GLASS F. Klocke, A. McClung and C. Ader Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany Reviewed, accepted August 4, 2004 Abstract Despite the
More informationEFFECT OF LIMESTONE FILLERS AND SILICA FUME POZZOLANA ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SULFATE RESISTANT CEMENT PASTES
Original papers EFFECT OF LIMESTONE FILLERS AND SILICA FUME POZZOLANA ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SULFATE RESISTANT CEMENT PASTES E. A. EL-ALFI, A. M. RADWAN, S. ABED EL-ALEEM * National Research Center,
More informationMould fluxes for steelmaking - composition design and characterisation of properties. Research Institute, Stockholm
Mould fluxes for steelmaking - composition design and characterisation of properties Carl-Åke Däcker KIMAB, Corrosion and Metals Research Institute, Stockholm The main functions for mould powder - and
More informationPreparation and Investigation of Cu-Co- Al2O3 Nanocrystalline Metal Matrix Composites
Preparation and Investigation of Cu-Co- Al2O3 Nanocrystalline Metal Matrix Composites R.Venkatesh Research Scholar Sathyabama University, Chennai TamilNadu, India S.Kumaraguru U.G Student Department of
More informationInfluence of forming method and sintering process on densification and final microstructure of submicrometre alumina ceramics
Processing and Application of Ceramics 2 [1] (2008) 13-17 Influence of forming method and sintering process on densification and final microstructure of submicrometre alumina ceramics Monika Mikoczyová
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF BLENDED CEMENT FROM ACTIVATED AND SINTERED FLY ASH
CHAPTER 6 DEVELOPMENT OF BLENDED CEMENT FROM ACTIVATED AND SINTERED FLY ASH 6.1. Activated Sintered Flyash as blending material for cement. Investigations have been made to develop flyash-blended cements
More informationINC. MEL Chemicals Inc management system in the USA meets the requirements of ISO/TS 16949:2002.
Ceramics INC. LUXFER GROUP Luxfer is a technology company with operations around the world that works closely with customers to find innovative solutions to their needs for advanced materials, components
More informationUndergraduate Laboratory Experience for Ceramics
Session 3464 Undergraduate Laboratory Experience for Ceramics Mohamed N. Rahaman, William G. Fahrenholtz Department of Ceramic Engineering University of Missouri-Rolla Abstract An appreciation for experimental
More informationBRICKS MANUFACTURING PROCESS & TYPES OF BRICK APRIL 1 ST 2018
BRICKS MANUFACTURING PROCESS & TYPES OF BRICK APRIL 1 ST 2018 DEFINITION OF BRICK A brick is building material used to make walls, pavements and other elements in masonry construction. A brick can be composed
More informationMICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SILICA BONDED MAGNESITE CASTABLE REFRACTORIES
Iranian Journal of Materials Science & Engineering Vol. 8, Number 1, Winter 211 MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SILICA BONDED MAGNESITE CASTABLE REFRACTORIES N. Hamedani Golshan, H. Sarpoolaky*
More informationCrystallization of Ruthenium Dioxide during Vitrification of HLW, and its Effect on Leachability of the Glass
Crystallization of Ruthenium Dioxide during Vitrification of HLW, and its Effect on Leachability of the Glass - 9032 Youichi Enokida, Kayo Sawada, and Kazuyoshi Uruga EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya
More informationRuthenium-Containing Conductive Ceramics (RCCC) for High Ohm Value Resistors on Al 2 O 3 / AlN Substrates and High Temperature Firing HTCC Structures
Ruthenium-Containing Conductive Ceramics (RCCC) for High Ohm Value Resistors on Al 2 O 3 / AlN Substrates and High Temperature Firing HTCC Structures August 15 th, 2015 Outline 1. A Necessity in Conductive
More information