PURE GENIUS N9 PURE SILVER AN INSPIRED SOLUTION IN ANTIMICROBIAL PROTECTION

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1 PURE GENIUS N9 PURE SILVER AN INSPIRED SOLUTION IN ANTIMICROBIAL PROTECTION

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3 N9 Pure Silver 3 N9 Pure Silver from Carrington is the first of a new generation of silver anti-microbial technologies. This breakthrough technology delivers outstanding long lasting antimicrobial performance combined with impeccable environmental credentials. Carrington is a dynamic market leader and the largest producer of workwear fabrics in the UK. We produce over 30 million metres of fabric annually, exporting to more than 70 countries worldwide. Throughout Europe, and beyond, millions of people go about their tasks in workwear made from our fabrics. Based in Lancashire, where the roots of British textiles began, we have over 125 years experience of textile processing and finishing. This is supported by massive investments in one of Europe s largest fully integrated textile processing and finishing operations. Working closely with garment manufacturers and rental laundries, we have an unrivalled knowledge of their evolving needs - and a well established reputation for responding with innovative solutions. Now, with the introduction of N9 Pure Silver, we have taken protection and proven superiority in antimicrobial performance to a much higher and enduring level that sets a new benchmark across a whole spectrum of work apparel. With its combination of properties, N9 Pure Silver will change attitudes, raise expectations and reduce risks in an age of growing concern with regard to contamination. At Carrington, we pride ourselves on introducing exciting ideas that drive the industry forward and help our customers seize new opportunities. Ideas backed by total support through a global network of agents and offices. This is based on our specialisation in the development of fabrics and finishes with exceptional performance in the most demanding workplace environments.

4 N9 Pure Silver What makes N9 Pure Silver different from other silver antimicrobials? N9 Pure Silver is a pure metallic silver in ultra-pure de-ionized water. The actual silver loading in each gram of N9 Pure Silver is incredibly low. However, the configuration of the individual N9 Pure Silver particles makes them highly effective at deactivating bacteria and other microbes even with this low silver loading. N9 Pure Silver is non-leaching. It remains intact on the treated surface and works where needed to protect it from bacteria and other microbes. This means that there is minimal loss of silver into the environment or onto the skin. N9 Pure Silver is bacteriostatic and gently defensive. It stays on the surface to which it is applied and protects that surface against bad bacteria, without affecting the skins natural balance.

5 N9 Pure Silver 5 How does N9 Pure Silver work? N9 Pure Silver works in 3 different ways: l Immobilising the bacteria by depleting oxygen l Rupturing the bacterial cell membrane l Destroying the reproductive receptor Bacteria moves onto fabric surface N9 Pure Silver particles are on fabric surface and are ready to act Fabric Surface Ruptures the bacteria cell membrane Silver ion generation is very low and happens only when the silver is in contact with bacteria on demand release Immobilizes the bacteria by depleting oxygen Destroys the reproductive receptor

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7 N9 Pure Silver 7 Antimicrobial testing of N9 Pure Silver for textile applications Comparison of antimicrobial test methods There are two categories of silver based products present in the market place. Each of them requires different test methods and performance criteria, because they behave differently in some key aspects. Hence an understanding of the product characteristics and relevant testing protocols are essential for carrying out successful antimicrobial tests. The two categories of silver products are: 1. Silver salt (ion) based technology 2. Silver particle based technology (For example silver chloride N9 Pure Silver ) Limitations of silver salt (ion) technology Silver ion types are very common and are a leaching type of antimicrobial. Their limitations are related to the following: Ions are highly aggressive Ions require a high application dosage and silver content Ions have low wash durability and a high leaching tendency Ions have potential aquatic toxicity Ions cannot be fine tuned for specific applications Ions are sensitive to ligands Ions are not bound and hence follow a mass kill approach which results in bacteria building resistance

8 N9 Pure Silver The unique and innovative features of N9 Pure Silver particulate technology N9 Pure Silver is a patented silver particle technology. N9 Pure Silver is bound to textiles on a molecular scale. Its mode of action is to physically damage the cell wall, biochemically attaching to and deactivating microbes on contact. N9 Pure Silver is a pure metallic silvers in ultra-pure de-ionized water, with negligible quantities of silver ions present. In the presence of bacteria, it shows no zone of inhibition. The particles have a large surface area for better contact with textiles and are designed to hook onto textiles, to deliver wash durability and be highly effective in deactivating microbes quickly. The mechanism of N9 Pure Silver compared to silver ions is different, in that it attracts and attaches to bacteria. Hence N9 Pure Silver shows bacteriostatic properties and is observed as being highly non-leaching.

9 N9 Pure Silver 9 Understanding antimicrobials - what is an antimicrobial? Leaches and kills all microbes quickly Sterilisation >99.999% Steriliser Leaches and kills most microbes quickly Disinfectant/Antiseptic Leaches and kills microbes over a period of time Bactericidal/Sanitizer Stops and kills microbes on contact area. Contact inhibition. Bacteriostatic Stops the growth of microbes. Static effect Any product which has a negative impact on a microbe is called an Antimicrobial. Most antimicrobial fabrics show to some extent both bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal properties. If antimicrobial activity is claimed, it should be at a level that would be considered useful to prevent both fabric spoilage and reduce the chance of malodour forming in the fabric. However, it should not be expected to provide infection control. The scale varies as shown. Slows the growth of microbes. Partly bacteriostatic <95% Weak bacteriostat

10 N9 Pure Silver Antimicrobial test methods - background Microbiological tests used to characterize antimicrobial fabrics vary and are dependent on the required outcomes. In general, the methods commonly used to test antimicrobial fabrics are designed to detect low-level activity over long periods of time. Many of the commonly used antimicrobial fabric test methods do not have success criteria at all. Interpretation of the test results is entirely up to the interested parties. Antimicrobial tests are carried out to establish biocide release data, rate of kill data, label claims, robustness of application, product efficacy, quality assurance and consumer trust. Antimicrobial Testing overview There are several test methods in existence for testing antimicrobials, with special relevance for treated textiles. The suitability of a test method for a given antimicrobial product and specific textile needs careful consideration. The qualitative methods are subjective and use a rating based on the zone of inhibition. The quantitative methods measure the actual microbe counts and report log reduction of microbial contamination. JIS L 1902 and ISO can be both qualitative and quantitative methods Furthermore, some of the older and well-established tests which measure performance in broth and around the fabric, tend to favour the kind of behaviour associated with early types of antimicrobial technologies namely leaching products, which exhibit a zone of inhibition. A new technology such as N9 Pure Silver, that is both highly durable and nonleaching, is capable of failing such a test. An example of this is the classic AATCC 100 test which tests performance in broth. However a modern test protocol, which is capable of measuring performance exactly where needed, ie on the textile itself, is highly suitable for non-leaching antimicrobials such as N9 Pure Silver. Amongst the many industry standards, the test methods JIS L 1902 and ISO best meet the criteria for quantitative testing of N9 Pure Silver.

11 N9 Pure Silver 11 JIS L 1902: 2008 : (Absorption method) MOST SUITABLE for testing N9 Pure Silver JIS L 1902 is a Japanese standard protocol on textiles for the determination of antibacterial activity and efficacy on textile products. This method is very similar to ISO described previously. This standard specifies the testing method for evaluating the antibacterial activity of bacteria and also enables the antibacterial performance of finished textile products to be measured. Various methods can be used to determine the antibacterial activity. The most appropriate method is determined by considering the intended application and how the textile product is to be used. The three possible methods are: a) Absorption: test bacterial suspension is inoculated directly onto samples b)transfer: test bacteria is placed on an agar plate and then transferred onto samples c) Printing: test bacteria is placed on a filter and then printed onto samples The colony plate count method and the ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate) luminescence methods are also specified for measuring the number of bacteria. The International Standard corresponding to this JIS Standard is the ISO 20743: 2007 Textiles - Determination of antibacterial activity of antibacterial finished Products (MOD (modified)). The only difference in the two methods is the way the final results are reported. In ISO 20743, results are reported as log reduction, whilst in JIS, they are reported as a percentage of bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity. Rapid Screening Test on Fabric: SUITABLE for testing N9 Pure Silver We have developed a proprietary method based on the principles of JIS L 1902 which introduces bacteria directly onto the fabric surface, allows it to grow (or not) over time, and then measures the activity on N9 Pure Silver treated fabrics compared to an untreated control. This correlates closely with JIS 1902 and ISO but is much more rapid and suitable for screening multiple applications of N9 Pure Silver quickly and thus can be used as a predictor of the full JIS L 1902 test. For products treated with N9 Pure Silver, the absorption method (Section 10) is simple and more suitable as this method focuses on direct testing on fabric rather than in broth.

12 N9 Pure Silver Brief overview of tests used for testing textiles treated with N9 Pure Silver ISO 20743: (Absorption method) SUITABLE for testing N9 Pure Silver ISO is a standard protocol for textiles to determine the antibacterial activity of finished products with an antibacterial finish. This International Standard is applicable to all textile products, including fabric, wadding, thread, clothing material, home furnishings and miscellaneous goods regardless of the type of antibacterial agent used (organic, inorganic, natural or man-made). Also it is independent of the method of application (built-in, post-treatment or grafting). Based on the intended application and on the environment in which the textile product is to be used, the user can select the most suitable of the following three methods for the determination of antibacterial activity: For products treated with N9 Pure Silver, the absorption method is simple and more suitable as this method focuses on direct testing on fabric rather than in broth. The International Standard corresponding to this JIS Standard is the ISO 20743: 2007 Textiles - Determination of antibacterial activity of antibacterial finished Products (MOD (modified)). The only difference in the two methods is the way the final results are reported. In ISO 20743, results are reported as log reduction, whilst in JIS, they are reported as a percentage of bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity. a) Absorption method is an evaluation method in which test bacterial suspension is inoculated directly onto samples b) Transfer method is an evaluation method in which test bacteria are placed on an agar plate and transferred onto samples c) Printing method is an evaluation method in which test bacteria are placed on a filter and printed onto samples The colony plate count method and the ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate) luminescence methods are also specified for measuring the number of bacteria.

13 N9 Pure Silver 13 Unsuitable test protocols for N9 non-leaching Silver products AATCC 147: Antibacterial Activity Assessment of Textile Materials (Parallel Streak Method) AATCC 100: Standard method (testing in broth) ASTM E 2149: Dynamic Shake Flask Overall conclusion The demand for bound antimicrobials rather than leaching antimicrobials is increasing due to environmental, safety and health reasons. Antimicrobials should be bound, remain active through typical wash and wear conditions, and stable to detergent chemistries. Incorporation of an antimicrobial into coatings and finishes is preferred over fibre extrusion, because of the higher degree of flexibility in application combined with excellent durability. N9 Pure Silver is the most relevant choice of antimicrobial for a broad range of textile applications including those with high skin contact, meeting all the above criteria. Recommendation from N9 Innovations: It is recommended to use JIS L 1902 or ISO to quantitatively test for non-leaching and strongly bound antimicrobials such as N9 Pure Silver.

14 N9 Pure Silver Proven performance lasting 150+ washes Exhaust application onto textiles Safe l Carrington is totally committed to the safety and protection of the environment in the design, manufacture and use of N9 Pure Silver Bacteria growing on control (untreated) l N9 Pure Silver is non-leaching and strongly binding: remains intact on treated textile and works where needed to protect it l Bacteriostatic and gently defensive: protects textiles against bacteria without affecting the natural skin balance. (Bactericidal seek and kill all bacteria.) l Dermatologically tested Gentle on the environment Fungus growing on control (untreated) l N9 Pure Silver contains minimal silver loading. Designed to hook onto textiles, it remains in place through the natural lifetime of the garment. Extremely low amount of silver is released, even after multiple washes l Low silver loading and low release through washing is orders of magnitude lower than older generation silver antimicrobials l Generates extremely low levels of silver ions l Proven to be completely non-leaching: no zone of inhibition Protected with N9 Pure Silver Fabric stays black Bacteria free Protected with N9 Pure Silver Fabric stays black Fungus free

15 N9 Pure Silver 15 N9 Pure Silver is the ideal antimicrobial for textiles Easy to apply Stable, easy to apply. Colours stay bright and no yellowing on whites The unique bene ts of High performance Highly e ective, long lasting freshness (150+ washes) Gentle on the environment Minimal silver loading - low release through wash Low Ag+ emission Safe Safe on skin and does not leach: does not interact with natural body chemistry High performance l Tested against a wide range of microbes including bacteria and fungi l Effective on different fabric types: pure cotton, synthetics and blends. Particle s large surface area allows optimum contact making N9 Pure Silver highly effective at deactivating microbes l Tested under typical exhaust and padding conditions - with and without traditional finishes l Tested under the most stringent conditions, following internationally recognised test protocols l Performance unimpaired by repeated industrial laundering (tested to 150+ wash cycles)

16 N9 Pure Silver Gentle on the environment New generation Metallic Particulates combine low silver loading with low release of silver through wash High Ionic silvers: High silver loading and poor retention after washing Silver Nitrate Silver loading Bulk Silver Metal Silver Chloride Silver zeolite Silver glass N9 Pure Silver : Low silver loading and excellent retention after washing Metallic Particulate Low Low Release of silver through wash High New generation silver chemistry combines low silver loading with very low silver ion release Silver chloride based antimicrobials show a zone of inhibition, due to Ag+ formation or release of loosely bound silver particles. With zone of inhibition N9 Pure silver shows no zone of inhibition: it is non-leaching has negligible Ag+ generation and very low release of silver. No zone of inhibition

17 N9 Pure Silver 17 All food business operators are required to implement and maintain hygiene procedures based on HACCP principles European Hygiene Legislation Ready for use Dirty Laundry The processed laundry should never leave the laundry in the same containers or transport vehicles it arrived in Processed Laundry Tunnel Finishing THE HACCP PROCESS Barrier Washer Laundry Segregation The operators of the laundry should never be in contact with potentially contaminated laundry it is most important that there is a clear seperation between contaminated laundry and clean laundry Workwear with the new N9 Pure Silver TM treatment perfectly complements HACCP. It ensures that freshly laundered and issued workwear remains hygienic in use, protecting against contamination by the wearer or contact with bacteria on surfaces such as hands, machinery or other clothing.

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19 N9 Pure Silver 19 Easy to apply l Easily applied through standard finishing processes - exhaust and padding l No special equipment required l Can be applied in combination with other textile finishes l Does not affect colour or feel; whites remain white, brights remain bright Comparing N9 Pure Silver to 1st Generation Technologies N9 Pure Silver New Generation Technology Highly durable - stays on fabric Low silver loading still delivers 150+ washes Not water soluble - survives washing No yellowing - easy to apply Delivers at low silver content - efficient, environmentally sound technology Negligible silver ions - negligible impact on aquatic toxicity 1st Generation Technologies Ionic silver technologies - much less durable High to very high silver loading Water soluble - wash off easily Can yellow - some application issues Requires high silver content - less efficient technology (environmental issues) Highly ionic - aqatic toxicity concerns A much fresher approach to casual and consumer wear. With the advanced technology of N9 Pure Silver TM, long lasting freshness can now be offered as a standard feature in a wide range of corporatewear garments.

20 Contact Head Office (UK) Carrington Workwear Ltd Market Street Adlington Lancashire PR7 4HJ Tel: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0) France Carrington France Sarl 83 Rue de la Gare Croix France Tel: +33 (0) Fax: +33 (0) Germany Carrington Deutschland GmbH Hembergstr Worpswede Germany Tel: +49 (0) Fax: +49 (0)