Antimicrobial Textiles in Sports Activities Application, Assessment and Safety Aspects

Transcription

1 Antimicrobial Textiles in Sports Activities Application, Assessment and Safety Aspects Dr. Anja Gerhardts Hohenstein Institute Performance Days COMPETENCE IN TEXTILES

2 No. 2 General requirements for a reasonable use of antimicrobial textiles Efficacy and Safety This means proof of an application-oriented effectiveness exclusion of harmful effects to people or environment due to biocide usage folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 2; Hohenstein Institute

3 No. 3 Antimicrobial textiles: active substances and fields of application Active substances Fields of application folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 3; Hohenstein Institute Silver (metal salts) Quaternary Ammonium compounds (Quats) Polyhexamide PHMB Copper Chitosan Regenerable N-halamine polymeric biocides Triclosan Dyes (biocide spacer dye) Protection Fibreprotection-microbial corrosion Prevention of infections - reduction of pathogens, e.g. in medical facilities & nursing homes Odour Odour reduction and control Therapy Support of therapies in wound infection Atopic dermatitis - effect on microflora disorders

4 No. 4 Antimicrobial textiles: product specifications depend on the fields of application Fields of application Product specifications folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 4; Hohenstein Institute Fibre protection Prevention of infections Odour reduction (sports) Wound management Active principle Active substance Level of effectiveness Specifity of effectiveness Duration of effectiveness (onset and durability) Safety (e.g. effects on skin and microflora)

5 No. 5 Requirements for antibacterial sportswear Efficacy against bacteria on the textile surface Duration of efficacy (fast onset of action / duration of sporting activity) Challenge Test according to ISO and modifications Hygiene folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 5; Hohenstein Institute Exclusion of skin reactions (allergy, irritation) or negative influence on skin microflora Basic tests: cytotoxicity test, sensitization test Wearing trials: skin microflora and local skin parameters a) Sweat odour reduction subjective assessment b) Sweat odour reduction objective assessment Test methods in vitro and in vivo Safety Odour

6 No. 6 Hygiene Tests for antimicrobial efficacy Standard methods ISO (JIS L 1902) Absorption method, quantitative test (bacteria and virus) folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 6; Hohenstein Institute ISO (JIS Z 2801) Film contact method, quantitative test (bacteria and virus) EN Agar diffusion test, qualitative test (mould fungi)

7 No. 7 Hygiene Tests for antimicrobial efficacy Assessment criteria Marketing instruments defined by Hohenstein Laboratories currently accepted worldwide Antibacterial activity* No Growth reduction [log 10 CFU] < 0.5 folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 7; Hohenstein Institute Slight Significant Strong 0.5 to < 1 > 1 to < 3 > 3 *against test strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352

8 No. 8 Hygiene Modified tests for antimicrobial efficacy Application-oriented modifications of standard methods Variation of test strains odour causing germs (e.g. skin microflora) hygiene-relevant germs (e.g. germs of the oral cavity, dermatophytes and others) folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 8; Hohenstein Institute decomposers (Aspergillus niger, Penecillium spec., etc.) wound or nosocomial germs (e.g. MRSA, enterococci incl. VRE, Candida albicans, norovirus, etc.) Kinetics of antimicrobial activity (e.g. shorter contact time)

9 No. 9 Hygiene Modified tests for antimicrobial efficacy Modification of test strain for efficacy against athlete s foot Example: Dermatophytes differ in susceptibility to biocides folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 9; Hohenstein Institute Control DDAC PHMB Tr = Trichophyton rubrum, Tm = Trichophyton mentagrophytes

10 No. 10 Hygiene Sportswear / efficacy against bacteria Suspension test according to DIN EN ISO folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 10; Hohenstein Institute Functional fiber 1 Functional fiber 2 Functional fiber 3 Integrated silver Source: wikipedia Specifity: - S. aureus - germs of microflora Log reduction: 2-3 Silver coating Source: wikipedia Specifity: - S. aureus - germs of microflora Log reduction: 4-5 Source: wikipedia Fiber finished with silver Specifity: - S. aureus - germs of microflora Log reduction: 3.5-4

11 No. 11 Hygiene Sportswear / onset of efficacy against bacteria Modified suspension test following DIN EN ISO germ count control cfu / sample 1,E+05 1,E+04 1,E+03 1,E+02 1,E+01 functional fiber 1 functional fiber 2 functional fiber 3 1,E+00 0 h 1 h 2 h 4 h folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 11; Hohenstein Institute Source: wikipedia ~ 1h ~ 6h Source: wikipedia

12 No. 12 Safety Suspicion of risks silver/skin and silver/microflora Silver / Skin Human toxicity?? Toxicity for human cells Mutagenicity Sensitizing potential folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 12; Hohenstein Institute Silver / Skin microflora Binding to negatively charged bacterial cell walls Disruption of metabolism and cellular respiration of bacteria

13 No. 13 Safety Tests on biological safety / human toxicity Biological Assessment Marketing instruments ISO :2009 Test for in vitro cytotoxicity folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 13; Hohenstein Institute ISO :2003 Tests for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity ISO :2010 Tests for irritation and skin sensitization

14 No. 14 Safety Tests on biological safety / human toxicity Cytotoxicity Genotoxicity Cytotoxicity Test (ISO ) Ames Test Comet Assay folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 14; Hohenstein Institute In vitro tests for the assessment of biological risks

15 No. 15 Safety Mechanische Irritationen Tests on biological safety / human toxicity Epicutaneous test (ISO ) In vitro sensitization test (THP-1 test) Allergens Allergen binds to receptor folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 15; Hohenstein Institute Immune cell Change of surface Wearing trials & cell test for the assessment of biological risks

16 No. 16 Safety Silver and the human skin microflora Patch test on the forehead Functional fiber normal skin textile control functional fiber CFU / cm² 100 folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 16; Hohenstein Institute 10 1 test person 1 test person 2 test person 3 test person 4 Wearing period 12 h No effects on human skin microflora by normal use of textiles

17 No. 17 Safety Silver and the human skin microflora Field study with 60 subjects (21 65 years) Microbiological and dermatological supervision Halved shirts (verum/placebo) were worn Wearing for 8 h/d over a period of 5 weeks folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 17; Hohenstein Institute

18 No. 18 Safety Hohenstein BioSkin and artificial skin microflora Hohenstein developed an artificial skin and its colonization with bacteria of the human microflora folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 18; Hohenstein Institute

19 No. 19 Safety Hohenstein BioSkin and artificial skin microflora folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 19; Hohenstein Institute Wearing simulation of antibacterial textile on the artificial skin No negative effect on bacteria of the human microflora

20 No. 20 Odour Substances responsible for sweat odour folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 20; Hohenstein Institute Volatile Sulfur Compounds Short Chain Fatty Acids Carbolic Acids Steroids.

21 No. 21 Odour Hohenstein in vitro test systems for odour reduction Agar test for antimicrobial activity against odour causing germs of the skin (e.g. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium jeikeium, Micrococcus luteus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 21; Hohenstein Institute

22 No. 22 Odour Hohenstein in vitro test systems for odour reduction Binding and release studies using radioactive labelled sweat odour molecules Quantification of odour molecules on the textile 100 folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 22; Hohenstein Institute Release of odour substance [%] Sweat transfer (0h) Storage for 24h Storage for 24h + 2h 35 C PA 140 g/m² PES 140 g/m² CO 150 g/m²

23 No. 23 Odour Hohenstein in vivo test system for odour reduction Artificial sweat studies (mixture of key sweat odour molecules) Sniffing test (olfactometry) with odour panellists Used for material comparison folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 23; Hohenstein Institute efficacy testing of laundry processes

24 No. 24 Odour Hohenstein field test system for odour reduction Wearing trials with test persons (antibacterial sportswear vs. control) Sniffing test with odour panellists folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 24; Hohenstein Institute Sporting activity > 1 hour Sweat odour Olfactometry

25 No. 25 Odour Hohenstein field test system for odour reduction 30 folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 25; Hohenstein Institute Sweat odour intensity textile control functional fiber 2 Significant differences in the assessment of odour intensity Strong and fast odour reducing efficacy of the antibacterial textile 0h 48h

26 No. 26 Testing and assessment of antimicrobial textiles in sport activities Antimicrobial textiles are a plus at the point of sale Antimicrobial activity has to be adapted to the specific sport activitiy (onset, duration) Keep safety aspects in mind (biocides) The performance of all day fresh can be evaluated folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 26; Hohenstein Institute

27 No. 27 Department Hygiene, Environment & Medicine The Team Prof. Dr. Höfer Handel Murmann Balluff Nolle Dr. Mucha Berner- Dannenmann folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 27; Hohenstein Institute Deigner te Boekhorst Ilgner Hilbert- Hackenberg Dr. Hammer Christiani Kraus Rickert Dr. Gerhardts Secker Dr. Eichler Laucher Szegedi

28 No. 28 Thank you very much for your interest! folien/xxx.ppt Folien Nr. 28; Hohenstein Institute Dr. Anja Gerhardts Hohenstein Institute Schloss Hohenstein Bönnigheim Phone Fax