CCS in Europe. John Gale General Manager IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme

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1 CCS in Europe John Gale General Manager IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme

2 One BIG issue - geography Source: IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme, Report No. 2005/2, Building the Costs Curve for CCS in Europe

3 The Impact of Geography 100 s of kms between nearest sources and stores If you go one to one you use up best and cheapest stores first Stranded sources Need a back bone pipeline Cost for a on-shore to off-shore pipeline network in 2005 estimated at 120bn km back bone pipeline system carrying Issues: Who pays for it? Do you need a impurity specification? Who manages its? Assigning liability for any leakage?

4 Hubs and Clusters Port of Rotterdam Port of Antwerp (Belgium) LeHavre (France) Humberside Baltic Sea Energy Co-operation (BASREC)

5 The impact of Geography Numerous studies (Governmental and Private sector) have failed to show a business case for CO2-EOR for North Sea Distances, quantities of CO2, cost of platform refurbishment etc., etc., Norway has considered aquifer buffer storage first then extending network later for EOR Mongstad case

6 3rd BIG Problem Storage Experience

7 Role of Dutch Pilot projects GDF Suez/CATO CO2 injection project in depleting gas field in North Sea CATO programme funded characterisation work on K18 and K19 fields Research allowed the Storage permit for ROAD Project to be gained from EC First time EU Directive permitting requirements tested

8 Learnings from 1 st UK Competition FEED studies Hydrocarbon fields Don t be complacent not all gas/oil fields are CO2 ready Oil and gas field safety regulations don t translate directly to use of CO2 o Different physical properties Expect the unexpected!! o Unexploded WWII ordnance caused significant rerouting of Kingsnorth off shore pipeline Reusing existing infrastructure can be a headache

9 CO 2 Storage & Wells Longannet / Golden Eye Depth: 2500m Pressure when abandoned: ~138 bara Original Pressure: ~265 bara Re-use of gas production platform in the Central North Sea Re-completion of 5 existing wells Kingsnorth / Hewett Depth: 1300m Current Pressure: 3 bara. Original Pressure: 137 bara New-build platform in the Southern North Sea 3 initial new wells, 1 contingency, 5 additional for full phase = 9 Depleted gas field connected to aquifer Very low pressure gas reservoir 13 abandoned E&A wells outside immediate area of store Continuity from gas producer to CO2 storage Multiple existing wells in store Working entirely with 3 rd party data

10 Changes in focus CCS started off in gas supply industry - Sleipner Increasing interest in CCS on gas fired in Europe Norway formerly had most advanced plans for gas fired CCS Mongstad full scale plant FID deferred until 2020 UK now stepping up its activity ETI call for 5MW pilot plant Peterhead gas fired CCS power plant selected in 2 nd UK CCs competition

11 EU Zero Emission Platform Report 2013 EU 2011 Roadmap for a competitive low carbon economy in 2050, Emission reductions will be required to take place in all sectors, CO2 emissions from the industrial sectors reduced by 34% to 40% by 2030, and by between 83% to 87% by Only CCS can provide the required large-scale emission reductions in EU industry

12 CCS Research in EU Industry SectorS Steel Sector ULCOS Project EU Funded Multi-partner research programme o Developing oxy blast furnace with top gas recycle and capture o Demonstration to be undertaken at Florange, France now deferred Cement Sector o European Cement Research Association (ECRA)» Phased development project for pilot scale demonstration of oxy fuel firing of cement kiln in late o NORCHEM/CLIMIT & ECRA» Pilot scale project for post combustion capture on cement kiln in 2013/14

13 Why is CCS in the doldrums today in Europe? Europe is GREEN at its centre There are too many EU Directives that compete with each other Latest Emissions/Renewables edicts 40% cut in emissions by 2030 from 1990 levels 27% renewable target across EU o Not binding on individual nations o Low carbon nuclear included? Good news or bad news for CCS o Jury s out!!!

14 CCS in Europe - What Next? UK White Rose FEED agreed waiting on NER300 announcement Peterhead FEED under negotiation A project from a UK competition Contracts for Difference in place to fund project (s) Netherlands Dutch parliament to approve additional 150m to bridge ROAD funding Norway await outcome of parliamentary enquiry Spain CUIDEN oxy-cfb project will shut down in next 2 years Switzerland & Sweden could start pilot storage projects

15 October 5 9 TWO THOUSAND FOURTEEN AUSTIN, TX USA Call for papers 27 th September 2013 Deadline for abstracts 10 th January 2014 Registration opens 7 th March 2014 Authors notified 2 nd May 2014 Early bird closes 13 th June 2014