GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN HUNGARY. Transgreen Conference Budapest, 4 April 2019
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1 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN HUNGARY...hogy élni tudjunk a természet adta lehetőségekkel Transgreen Conference Budapest, 4 April 2019 Katalin Török, Eszter Tanács, Anikó Kovács- Hostyánszki, László Kollányi MTA ÖK ÖBI, Ormos Imre Alapítvány
2 OUTLINE Introduction need for Green Infrastructure Methods for survey and development in Hungary State of the project, preliminary results Further steps
3 INTRODUCTION The problem: Land degradation, urban land use and loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services at global regional scale IPBES 2018 SPM Land Degradation and Restoration
4 IPBES 2018 SPM. Land Degradation and Restoration HDI Human Development Index
5 IPBES 2018 SPM Europe and Central Asia
6 ADDRESSING LAND DEGRADATION 1. Safeguard biodiversity (protection, restoration) 2. Low-consumption lifestyles (vegetable-based diet, renewable housing etc.) 3. Global human population growth near zero (improve gender equality) 4. Circular economy (reduced food waste, recycling) 5. Low-input production systems and resource management (more land-, water-, material-efficient, low-emmission production) 6. Sustainable land management (avoid, reduce, reverse land degradation)
7 WHAT IS NEEDED TO SCALE UP RESTORATION? Perring, M. P., Erickson, T. E., & Brancalion, P. H. (2018). Rocketing restoration: enabling the upscaling of ecological restoration in the Anthropocene. Restoration ecology, 26(6),
8 POLICY RESPONSES Policy committments SDG 2030 etc. Target 2 of the EU Biodiversity Strategy requires 15% of degraded ecosystems and their services to be restored by 2020, by establishing green infrastructure same as Aichi Target 15 of the CBD
9 HOW HUNGARY PLANS TO COMPLY WITH THE TASKS? KEHOP VEKOP projekt with 4 pilars; 6 consortium members, NATURA: Knowledge development on species and habitats of community importance (field survey and actions) LANDSCAPE CHARACTER: Strategy development of the preservation of natural and landscape resources at landscape level ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: National ecosystem service elvaluation and mapping GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE: Framework development for the further improvement of green infrastructure
10 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES = BENEFITS PEOPLE OBTAIN FROM ECOSYSTEMS
11 AIMS OF THE ECOSYSTEM SERVICE ASSESSMENT 1. build up spatial databases of ecosystems (map) 2. assess their state 3. select most important ES to be mapped 4. assess the relations between ES and human well-being 5. ensure the involvement of other sectors, stakeholders
12 ES index for 8 ES (TESI8) Maes et al Landscape ecology, 30,
13 ECOSYSTEM TYPE MAP (77 categories at country level)
14 ECOSYSTEM CONDITION: MANY INDICATORS (No. of invasive tree spp. in forests)
15 NATURAL CAPITAL INDEX Total left: 9.78 %
16 SELECTION OF ES TO BE MAPPED THROUGH PARTICIPATORY PROCESS PROVISIONING ES 1. Cultivated crops 2. Reared animals and their outputs 3. Plant-based energy resources REGULATION AND MAINTENANCE ES 4. Mediation of waste, toxics 5. Erosion control 6. Hydrological cycle 7. Flood protection 8. Pollination 9. Global climate regulation 10. Microclimate regulation CULTURAL ES 11. Hiking and ecoturism 12. Cultural heritage
17 METHOD: CASCADE MODEL OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICE ASSESSMENT For each ES Based on Haines-Young & Potschin 2010
18 WHAT IS GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE? Green infrastruture (GI) is a strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas (including water bodies, blue GI) with other environmental features designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services in both rural and urban settings (EC 2013b).
19 TASKS 1. Development of methodology for GI assessment GI typology 2. Identification of GI elements and their pattern 3. Elements of GI in settlement 4. GI development prioritization 5. Settlement group: case studies 6. GI development opportunities
20 ELEMENTS OF GI 22.2 % of Hungary under protection (2.07 M ha): ha (9,1%) national protection ha (21,4%) Natura 2000 area
21 HUNGARIAN ECOLOGICAL NETWORK Baseline GI assessment: Identification of GI elements Evaluation of the state of the elements Mapping of the present GI network Core area Buffer zone Corridor Barrier
22 Huse et al Land Use Policy STATE ASSESSMENT OF GI Elements and connectivity of green space in Debrecen Size, pattern, distance, connectivity matter
23 NATURAL STATE & ES COUNT IN GI STATE ASSESSMENT
24 GI DEVELOPMENT - RESTORATION PRIORITIZATION Restoration criteria Need for restoration - level of degradation - rarity - unicality (Pannon region) - disturbance - level of protection - decrease of certain ES - pattern -. Potential approaches - restore all habitat types by 15% - habitat priritization - balance costs, barriers - level of threat Restorability - regeneration potencial - availability of seeds - costs - community acceptance - landuse conflicts -
25 HOW TO MEASURE RESTORATION? Restoration Prioritization Framework (RPF) the four-level approach (Lammerant et al. 2013) (suggested by the EC as a method for Green Infrastructure development 2018) Level 1 close to natural Level 2 light degradation Level 3 severe degradation Level 4 highly modified Any raise on the ladder counts to the 15 % as restoration
26 THE FOUR LEVELS IN HUNGARY Classification of ecosystems to condition levels MAJOR ECOSYSTEMS (MAES) LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4 total ha WOODLAND & FOREST (HEATHLAND) & SHRUB GRASSLAND SPARSLY VEGETATED WETLANDS RIVERS & LAKES CROPLAND URBAN % 9.6 % 20.5% 63.3%
27 ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION BETWEEN About 1% of restoration so far
28 STATE & PATTERN MATTER GI development - 2 approaches eliminating barriers increasing permeability
29 Figure 1. Cost-weighted distance modeling. McRae BH, Hall SA, Beier P, Theobald DM (2012) Where to Restore Ecological Connectivity? Detecting Barriers and Quantifying Restoration Benefits. PLOS ONE 7(12): e
30 Figure 3. Barrier analysis of landscape. Barrien detection after restoration McRae BH, Hall SA, Beier P, Theobald DM (2012) Where to Restore Ecological Connectivity? Detecting Barriers and Quantifying Restoration Benefits. PLOS ONE 7(12): e
31 DIFFICULTIES Lack of data at sufficient scale and precision No published data on restoration Missing monitoring of interventions Communication among disciplines, sectors Transfer of message Stakeholder involvement needs much effort Science-policy need to reach decision makers Further infrastructure development
32 ROAD DEVELOPMENT PLAN BY 2034
33 VISION Development of scientific basis for GI development Introduction to present/new legislation Streamlining of biodiversity in sectors Reach international targets
34 TRANSITION PATHWAYS Many Sustainable Development Goals rely on biodiversity directly or indirectly
35 IPBES TRANSITION SCENARIOS (SPM ECA)
36 STILL LONG WAY TO GO Research Societal transformation Mainstream policy / economy Green public perception Other worlds views (ILK)
37 ...hogy élni tudjunk a természet adta lehetőségekkel THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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