COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN NEWLY ESTABUSHED 'MS' AND 'R' UNES IN RABI SORGHUM

Transcription

1 Indian J. Agric. Res.. 39 (4) : COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN NEWLY ESTABUSHED 'MS' AND 'R' UNES IN RABI SORGHUM P.N. Murumkar, S.B. Atale, R.S. Shivankar, M.P. Meshram and A.D. Bhandarwar Department of Agricultural Botany. Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth. Akola India ABSTRACT The combining ability was studied in the Fl' male and female parents of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicoior L.) using Line x Tester design. The results revealed that the hybrid AKMS 43.4 A x R 354 and hybrid AKMS 43.4 A x R 338 rank I and II in per se performance for yield. Both hybrids exhibited significant sea effect in desirable direction for number of primaries and panicle length. Female line AKMS 43.4 A and ms 104 A are categorized as good general combiner females in combination with good combiner males viz., R 354, Rb 338 and Rb 335 have better hybrids, could be utilized for further hybrid programme. INTRODUCTION During recent years, the sorghum hybrids in kharifare facing a serious problem, most of the released kharif hybrids are early (100 to 105 days) or mid late (115 to 120 days) in maturity. Regular occurrence of rains in late Septemberand early October coincides with the grain filling to maturing stage of kharif hybrids. Exposure of sorghum crop to wet weather at this stage deteriorates seed quality badly. Therefore, during recent years area under rabi sorghum is increasing and thusthere is intense need to develop high yielding hybrids in rabi sorghum. The object of present investigation is to study the combining ability of newly stabilized male sterile and restorer lines of rabi adaptation for their commercial utilization. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experimental material consisted of five cytoplasmic male sterile lines (ms 104 A, AKMS 43.2 A, AKMS 47.1 A, AKMS 43.4 A. ms 53 A) and eight restorer lines (Rb 16.1, Rb 320, Rb 332, Rb 334, Rb 336, Rb 335, Rb 338, R 354) obtained from Sorghum Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. Parental material was planted during summer 2001, each female (line) was crossed with each male (tester) as per line x tester mating design and the seed of 40 hybrids was obtained. The seeds of these forty crosses along with selfed seed of eight male lines and five maintainer lines were grown in randomized block design with three replications during rabi at Sorghum Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukli Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. Observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants from each replication on twelve important characters including grain yield per plant. Statistical analysis for combining ability, their effects and the test of significance were carried out by the method given by Singh (1976). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Analysis of variance for combining ability showed significant differences among the female for all the characters except for days to 50 per cent flowering while males showed significant differences for all the characters except 50 per cent flowering, number of primaries, test and grain yield (Table 1). Genetic variation due to line x tester interaction was also found to be significant for all the characters except days to 50 per cent flowering, number of primaries, grain yield, panicle etc. Chaudhary et a/., 1983, Ghorade, 1991!lnd Biradar, 1995 have reported similar results. The knowledge of combining ability is necessary in selection of appropriate parent since it gives an idea whether particular parent

2 No. of grain per panicle " ' " " " No. of grain per panicle " " " " " " " 0.40 Panicle " 72.28" 83.73" 7570" " " Panicle " " " " 0.18 Grain yield 52.37' 43.80' 42.43' 49.94' ' " Test " " 65.06" 9.69' " 5.12 Test 17.61' ' 0.11 f'v 0' ol'> o 'Tl 8Ci c I Source df Fertility restoration Repllioc " Days to 50% flowering Table 1. Analysis of variance for various characters Plant height (em) ' No. of Panicle Panicle No. of No. of leaves length breadth whorls primaries (cm) (cm) ' Parents " " 1.67" 29.66" 4.38" 11359' 2.584" Females " ' 2.01" 25.34" 4.42" " 5.35" z o c::a Males " " 1.44" 21.72" 2.88" Female vs Males " " 1.91" 102.5" 14.68" Hybrids " ' " 4.35" 21.04" 7.48" 83.20' 2.894' Parent vs hybrids " " " 58.54" 87.54" 44.29" " Error Table 2, Analysis of variance for combining ability Source Females 4 df Fertility restoration " Days to 50% flowering 1.40 Plant No. of Panicle Panicle No. of No. of height leaves length breadth whorls primaries (cm) (cm) (cm) " 2.72" 43.64" 18.85" ' 5.01" Males " " 3.97" 3892" 4.33" ' Females x males " " 4.68" 13.34" 6.65" " Error olf " 0.51" aim 37.39' " ' o"gca alsea 11895" 183" " 1.48" 4.03" 2.14" ' a"gcalalsca 0.11 Significant at 5% level Significant at 1% level Grain yield " " " 40.05' " 0.40

3 l\j 0' (]l Table 3. General combining ability effect Source Fertility Days to Plant No. of Panicle Panicle No. of No. of No. of Panicle Grain Test restoration 50% height leaves length breadth whorls primaries grain yield flowering (em) (em) (em) per panicle Females Ms53A 4.35"" "" "" 0.75"" " "" -6.07"" -5.11"" -1.14"" Ms 104A 4.32"" " 0.30"" 0.44"" " " -0.Q7 AKMS47.1 A -2.06"" "" -0.15" -0.50"" 0.17" " Jt15"" -1.95"" -2.04"" 0.39 AKMS43.4A 3.57"" 0.38" 703"" 0.32"" 2.11"" 0.63"" 3.89"" 0.77"" 6.53"" 12.09"" 11.40"" 1.16"" AKMS43.2A -1.48"" "" -0.49"" -1.42"" -1.47"" "" 4.07"" 4.96"" -0.5 SE(gl)± " CD at 5% w CD at 1% :z Males 9 Rb "" "" -0.88"" -2.91"" "" 2.92"" 3.81"" Rb *" " "" " "" -5.35"" -4.81"" l\j Rb "" "" "" -2.48"" -4.81*" Rb "" 1.31"" -9.88"" 0.35"" 1.48"" " "" -3.45"" -4.81*" -1.06" (]l Rb "" -0.36" " -0.80" " Rb "- 3.52" " -2.65" -3.06" 0.68 R " " 0.86" 2.38"" 0.80-" 3.03" 0.65"" "" " 17.74" Rb " 1.31*" " "" -5.68" " SE(gl)± CD at 5% CD at 1% "Significant at 5% level "Significant at 1% level.

4 (Contd. l'>: Table 4. Specific combining ability effect Hybrids Fertility Days to Plant No. of Panicle Panicle No. of No. of No. of Panicle Grain Test restoration 50% height leaves length breadth whorls primaries grain yield flowering (em) (em) (em) per panicle 53Ax Rb " -2.00' 24.63" " -0.72' " -4.16' -1.74' 53A x Rb ** " 0.25' " " 53 A x Rb " " 1.30" ** " " 53A x Rb O.O? 4.63' -2.54" 1.53" 1.09" A x Rb " " 1.61" 1.63" 2.25" *' 8.04" 4.26" 53A x Rb " 2.00' " -0.30' -4.11" , ' 5.04' 2.94" Z 0 53A x Rb " " " ** ** " " > 53Ax Rb " ** 0.92" 2.07" 0.66' ' 3.47' z 104A x Rb " -3.62" 5.99" -0.74" ' " " " c: A x Rb " 3.44" " " c ::0 104A x Rb ' 1.22" " " r- 104A x Rb " " ' z» 104Ax Rb " -2.29" 9.86" 0.60" ' ' " -3.44' Ax Rb ** 0.50' 0.97' 0.99' ' "TI» 104A x Rb " -0.49' " " 24.39" 15.42" 1.21 Cl 104A x Rb " " -0.52" " AKMS 47.1A x Rb " " " " " -5.89' 1.01 c AKMS47.1AxRb " ** 1.76" -0.99" ' Ci AKMS 47.1 A x Rb ' ** " (ji c AKMS 47.1 A x Rb ** 0.47' ' " 3.28' 5.43' 0.14 r- AKMS 47.1 A x Rb " " " " ' ::0 AKMS 47.1A x Rb " -1.89" 1.11" -1.42" " rn AKMS 47.1A x Rb " " " -8.49" AKMS 47.1 A x Rb " " " " ::0 (") AKMS 43.4 x Rb " 1.73" 2.43" ' " 27.38" 24.00" 1.57 :c AKMS 43.4 x Rb " " LOS" 1.20" " " AKMS 43.4 x Rb " " -1.66" ' " -5.35' 0.89 AKMS 43.4 x Rb " ** ** '* -7.35** AKMS 43.4 x Rb ** -1.99** -4.86** -0.41* ** -1256** -8.80*' 0.29 AKMS 43.4 x Rb ** 0.81** 2.00" ** ** 14.43'* ** AKMS 43.4 x Rb ** 0.72** 2.07** 1.03* *' ** 19.31*' 21.73** AKMS 43.4 x Rb *' ** -0.41* -1.93** -0.99* ** ** -9.94** AKMS 43.2 x Rb * 2.25** " 1.09*' -7.35' AKtvlS 43.2 x Rb ** -1.68* '* -1.44** -0.97* 1.51** 6.13* * C]\ C]\

5 Vol. 39. No ::g :D \0 r-. \0 0 \0 \0. r--:r--: (.:J J> "OC\l('"")C\lOO... ('"")\O '";"' l/l _.9! o <0.. 'S.E.... l/l 0-':.0.gi... '" o ;;.. III o Q) Z-.. C\I'!lt'-L!)OOOOVt'-L!)... C\lO\o('"")OVC\l... ci9oo66 O'ONO('"")VtJ')('"")O' OO... v \0 OOC\l 000' 0U;;r'c-.iU;;...i(V"j..or' C\I OOt'-v... L!) t'- 000""" 0 C\lVL!) 0"";9...ioooo combineswell in cross. It is not only the per se performance but also the combining ability which decide the fate of parents and specific cross combination in commercial exploitation (Rao, 1994). General combining ability effects The gca effects of parent is indicative of its value as a parent to be used in hybrid breeding programme and is not always associated with the per se performance of the parents. Among lines AKMS 43.4 A exhibited significant gca effect in desirable direction for all characters except days to 50 per cent flowering (Table 2). Thus female AKMS 43.4 A appeared to be a good combiner for all characters and the first two top hybrids in present investigation are based on this female line. Whereas AKMS 43.4 A, ms 104 A is found to be good combiner. It exhibited significant gca effect for fertility restoration (%), number of leaves, panicle length, panicle and grain yield in desirable direction. While female ms 53 A, AKMS 43.2 and AKMS 47.1 A appeared to be poor combiner. Among males R-354 exhibited significant gca effect for fertility restoration (%), panicle length, panicle breadth, number of grains per panicle, panicle and grain yield. While remaining restorers, Rb 338 and Rb 335 exhibited significant gca effect in desirable direction for number of leaves and panicle length respectively including grain yield and can be considered as good general combiners. Specific combining ability Specific combining ability is indicative of heterosis. It can be revealed from the Table 3 that hybrid ARMS 43.4 A x R 354 and hybrid AKMS 43.4 x R 338 rank I and II in per se performance for yield. But they are on rank II and I sca effect respectively. Both hybrids exhibited significant sea effect in

6 268 INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH desirable direction for number of primaries and panicle length. Cross ms 53 A x Rb 320 showed significant sea effect for number of primaries in desirable direction. Thus all these hybrids can be considered as promising. Hybrids AKMS 43.4 A x R 354, AKMS 43.4 A x Rb 338, ms 104 x R 354, AKMS 47.1 A x R 354 showed better fertility restoration. Rest of hybrids did not exhibit significant sea effects for more characters. Rao et al. (1994) pointed out that crosses where sea effects are high should be selected for yield. Raju et al. (1980), Hugar et al. (1986), Patel et al. (1990), Salunke et al. (1996) and Ambekar and Nandanwankar (1985) reported the importance of non-additive gene action for yield and yield contributing characters and indicated superior crosses on the basis of sea effects thus identification of superior crosses on the basis of per se performance, sca effect for yield and components. From this point of view the hybrids AKMS 43.4 A x R 354 and AKMS 43.4 A x Rb 338 appeared on rank first and second. These hybrids also exhibited good fertility restoration and standard heterosis of 20.90% and 6.56% respectively for grain yield. In general, it can be concluded that female lines AKMS 43.4 A and ms 104 A which are categorized as good general combiner femaies in combination with good combiner males viz., R-354, Rb 338 and Rb 335 etc. have given better hybrids Therefore, it appears that for getting goods hybrid combination gca of the parents is also very important. REFERENCES Ambekar. S.S. and Nandanwankar. K.G. (1985). Sorghum News Letter. 28: 11. Biradar, B.D. (1995). Ph. D. Thesis (Unpub.) submitted to Univ. Agric. Sci.. Dharwad. Chaudhary. H.R. et al. (1983). American Soc. Agron., 59: 60. Ghorade. R.B. (1991). M. Sc. (Agril.) Thesis (Unpub.) submitted to Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth. Akola. Hugar. C.B. et al. (1986). Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 7(1): 1-5. Patel. R.H. etal. (1990). Madras Agric. J., 77(9-12): Raju. D. etaj. (1980). MysoreJ. Agric. Sci., 14(2): Rao. N.G.P. et al. (1994). Indian J. Genetics, 30(2): Salunke. C.B et aj. (1996). J. Maharashtra Agric. Univ., 21(3): Singh. D. (1976). Indian J. Genetics, 26(2):