THERMODYNAMICS OF As, Sb AND Bi DISTRIBUTION DURING REVERB FURNACE SMELTING
|
|
- Paula Goodman
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journl of Mining nd Metllurgy, 38 (1 2) B (2002) THERMODYNAMICS OF As, Sb AND Bi DISTRIBUTION DURING REVERB FURNACE SMELTING N.Mitevsk* *RTB BOR, Copper Institute, Bor, Yugoslvi **University of Belgrde, Technicl fculty Bor, Bor, Yugoslvi (Recived 23 Decembr 2001; ccepted 20 April 2002) Abstrct The results of thermodynmic nlysis of rsenic, ntimony nd bismuth distribution between copper mtte nd discrd slg in reverbertory smelting t 1573 K re shown in this pper. On the bsis of chemicl nlysis of the melt smples tken during stble opertion of the reverb furnce No.2 in the Copper Smelter nd Refinery, RTB Bor (Yugoslvi), the distribution coefficients of As, Sb, nd Bi between copper mtte nd slg re clculted. The influence of the mtte grde on the minor element distribution coefficients between copper mtte nd slg is lso nlyzed, s well s rsenic, ntimony nd bismuth distribution in slg. Keywords: thermodynmics, smelting, distribution, rsenic, ntimony, bismuth 1. Introduction Sulfide copper ores contin minor elements such s Au, Ag (noble metls); Co, Ni, Pt, Pd (Group VIII); Zn, Cd, Hg (Group II-B); Sn, Pb (Group IV-A); Mo (Group VI-B); Bi, Sb, As (Group V-A); Se, Te (chlcogens); nd Cl (hlogen). J. Min. Met. 38 (1 2) B (2002) 93
2 N. Mitevsk It is very importnt to determine the behvior of minor elements in regrd to their effects on the qulity of the copper produced s well s their impct on economicl nd environmentl fctors. Minor elements trnsition from copper mtte into slg cn be consider s impurity elimintion or vluble component losses into slg [1]. Arsenic forms Cu 3 As prticles in nneled copper nd cn reduce the electricl conductivity of the metl by 23% t rsenic content of only 0.1 wt.%. Bismuth in copper t concentrtion of wt.% renders the host metl brittle, nd both ntimony nd rsenic rise the recrystlliztion temperture of copper. So, their concentrtion must be limited in the finl product to ensure its commercil vibility. Becuse of tht, it is essentil to elucidte the thermodynmic nture of As, Sb, nd Bi in order to estblish effective wys of eliminting these impurities during smelting. 2. Industril Investigtion The industril investigtion of rsenic, ntimony nd bismuth distribution between copper mtte nd slg long the furnce length is done by deep sonding of the melt from the reverbertory furnce No.2 seling in the Copper Smelter nd Refinery, RTB BOR (Yugoslvi) [2,3]. 3. Results nd Discussion 3.1. Minor Element Distribution between Copper Mtte nd Slg In times pst ll metls present in fylite slg re consider to be in oxidic form, becuse slg is mixture of oxides simply presented by FeO-Fe 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system [4]. But this stnds only for Co, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn. Investigtions [5,6] showed tht behvior of other elements in slg is different. Depending on nture of the element nd operting conditions, the following mechnisms of chemicl dissolution elements in fylite slg cn be considered [1]: - Oxidic dissolution: Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn; 94 J. Min. Met. 38 (1 2) B (2002)
3 Thermodinmics of As, Sb nd Bi distribution... - Sulfidic dissolution: Co, Cu, Ni, Pb; - Monotomic dissolution: Ag, As, Au, Bi, Sb, Se, Te; - Moleculr dissolution: S, Se, Te; - Hlidic dissolution: Ag, Au, Cu, Pt. The first three dissolution mechnisms cn be confirmed by nlysis of sulfur nd oxygen prtil pressures digrm t 1573K which presents the stbility of metl, sulfide nd oxide of ech element, with presumption tht Me = MeS = MeO, Fig. (1). Figure 1. Sulfur-oxygen potentil for metl-sulfur-oxygen systems t 1573K J. Min. Met. 38 (1 2) B (2002) 95
4 N. Mitevsk Sulfides nd oxides of zinc, coblt, nickel, led nd copper re stble in smelting conditions, so these elements re present in melt in both forms. On the other side, ntimony, rsenic, bismuth nd silver re stble in metllic form. Clculted distribution coefficients of rsenic, ntimony nd bismuth re shown in Fig. (2). Copper hs the highest distribution coefficient, whose concentrtion in the Figure 2. Minor element distribution coefficients copper mtte is 86 times higher thn in the slg. The trnsition of bismuth into the mtte is lmost complete (L>>1). Arsenic hs distribution coefficient little bove one; its concentrtion is higher in copper mtte. But, becuse of the fct tht the slg mss is round 70% of totl furnce melt mss, bigger mount of rsenic is in the slg. And finlly, distribution coefficient of 96 J. Min. Met. 38 (1 2) B (2002)
5 Thermodinmics of As, Sb nd... ntimony is less thn one, so it is concentrting in the slg. This confirms one of the most importnt technologicl functions of discrd slg - refining, for it dissolves unwnted elements from copper mtte. 3.2.Thermodynmic Considertion Thermodynmiclly, the distribution of metl Me between mtte nd slg cn be nlyzed on the bse of its ffinity to sulfur nd oxygen: MeS + FeO = MeO + FeS (1) K 1 = MeO MeS FeS FeO (2) Activities of FeS nd FeO in the copper mtte with verge copper content equl 0.4 [1], thus: K1 = MeO MeS = N N MeO MeS γ γ MeO MeS (3) where re: N MeO - mole frction of MeO in slg; N MeS - mole frction of MeS in copper mtte; γ - ctivity coefficient of MeO or MeS. Therefore, the distribution of metl cn be considered s rtio of mole frction of oxide in slg nd sulfide in copper mtte. The thermodynmic vlues for rsenic, ntimony nd bismuth distribution between slg nd mtte t 1573K is given in Tble 1. Clculted vlues for N MeO / N MeS show tht lmost ll mount of bismuth nd copper re trnsferred into copper mtte, while lmost ll mounts of rsenic nd ntimony re trnsferred into slg. On the bsis of Gibbs free energy vlues t 1573K (Tble 1) it cn be concluded tht the most stble oxides hve rsenic nd ntimony; this mens tht during the smelting process rsenic nd ntimony re oxidized nd J. Min. Met. 38 (1 2) B (2002) 97
6 N. Mitevsk Tble 1: Thermodynmic vlues for minor element distribution between slg nd mtte t 1573K ELEMENT (kj) K γ / γ MeO MeS NMeO / NMeS o G 1573 As Bi Cu Sb trnsferred to slg phse. This mechnism of trnsition into slg is directed by thermodynmic (melting point, boiling point, chemicl equilibrium, distribution coefficient, ctivity, ctivity coefficient, influence of prtil pressure of oxygen nd sulfur), kinetic (density, viscosity, gs nd liquid flow, diffusion coefficient) nd process (temperture, slg composition, furnce construction) prmeters [7]. On the other side, sulfides of rsenic, ntimony nd bismuth hve high vpor pressure (>>1, nd tm, respectively). It is very hrd to remove them by oxidtion ( G o 1573 > 0) nd introduce them into the slg, so they evporte in sulfidic form [8]. Besides, the direct reduction of sulfide to metl vpor is chrcteristic for ntimony nd bismuth. The mechnism of evportion depends on similr prmeters s mechnism of trnsition into the slg [7] Mtte Composition Influence on Minor Element Distribution The influence of copper content in the mtte on rsenic, ntimony nd bismuth distribution coefficients is shown in Fig.(3). The incresing of copper concentrtion in the mtte decrese the vlues of distribution coefficients of ll nlyzed minor elements. 98 J. Min. Met. 38 (1 2) B (2002)
7 Thermodinmics of As, Sb nd Minor Element Distribution in Slg The results of investigtion of minor element distribution in the slg phse long the slg melt depth nd the furnce length re shown in Tble 2 nd Figure 4. The concentrtion of rsenic, ntimony nd bismuth decrese from SL3 to SL6. As mentioned before, sulfides of these elements, s well s Figure 3. Minor element distribution coefficients vs. copper mtte composition metllic ntimony nd bismuth, hve high vpor pressures, so they trverse to gs phse which lowers their concentrtion in the slg. 4. Conclusion On the bsis of chemicl nlysis of the smples tken during stble opertion of the reverb furnce No.2 in Copper Smelter nd Refinery, RTB Bor (Yugoslvi), the distribution coefficients of rsenic, ntimony nd J. Min. Met. 38 (1 2) B (2002) 99
8 N. Mitevsk Tble 2. Minor element content in slg long slg depth nd furnce length SAMPLE ELEMENT As Bi Sb I SL3 II III IV I SL4 II III IV I SL5 II III IV I SL6 II III IV bismuth between copper mtte nd slg re determined. The trnsition of bismuth into the mtte is lmost complete (L>>1). Arsenic hs distribution coefficient little bove one. And finlly, distribution coefficient of ntimony is less thn one, so it is concentrting in the slg. 100 J. Min. Met. 38 (1 2) B (2002)
9 Thermodinmics of As, Sb nd... Figure 4. Minor element distribution in the slg phse J. Min. Met. 38 (1 2) B (2002) 101
10 N. Mitevsk The influence of the mtte grde on the minor element distribution coefficients is lso nlyzed. The incresing of copper concentrtion in the mtte decrese the vlues of distribution coefficients of ll nlyzed minor elements. The distribution of these elements in the slg phse is determined, too. The concentrtion of rsenic, ntimony nd bismuth decrese from SL3 to SL6. Their sulfides, s well s metllic ntimony nd bismuth hve high vpor pressures, so they trverse to gs phse, which lowers their concentrtion in the slg. Acknowledgements The uthors wish to thnk the RTB Bor (Yugoslvi), Copper Institute nd Copper Smelter nd Refinery, for support of this investigtion. The contribution of Petr Šukletovi}, Sš Rdulovi} nd Sš Ivnovi} re grtefully cknowledged. References 1. M.Ngmori, P.J.Mckey, Met.Trns., 9B (1978) N.Mitevsk, Doctorl thesis, University of Belgrde, 2000, p.82. (in Serbin) 3. N.Mitevsk et l., JMM, 3-4 (2000) A.Yzw, Cn.Met.Qurt., 13 (3) (1974) M.Ngmori, P.J.Mckey, P.Trssoff, Met.Trns., 6B (1975) M.Ngmori, P.J.Mckey, Met.Trns., 8B (1977) P.J.Mckey, Cn.Met.Qurt., 21 (3) (1982) M.Devi, A.Lurschi, COPPER 91 Interntionl Symposium, August, Ottw (Cnd), 1991, p J. Min. Met. 38 (1 2) B (2002)
ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT OF THE SITES IMPACTED BY THE PROBO KOALA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING IN ABIDJAN, CÔTE D IVOIRE
ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT OF THE SITES IMPACTED BY THE PROBO KOALA TOXIC WASTE DUMPING IN ABIDJAN, CÔTE D IVOIRE This series of fct sheets ws prepred s prt of UN Environment s environmentl udit of the sites
More informationDeoxidation Equilibrium of Manganese and Silicon in Liquid Iron Nickel Alloys
ISIJ Interntionl, Vol. 43 (003), No. 10, pp. 1487 1494 Deoxidtion Equilibrium of Mngnese nd Silicon in Liquid Iron Nickel Alloys V. Y. DASHEVSKII, A. M. KATSNELSON, N. N. MAKAROVA, K. V. GRIGOROVITCH nd
More informationPY2N20 Material Properties and Phase Diagrams
PY2N20 Mteril Properties nd Phse Digrms ecture 5 P. tmenov, PhD chool of Physics, TCD PY2N20-5 Phse Digrms - Introduction How much cn be done with pure elementl compounds? How mny combintions of elements
More informationChapter 9: Phase Diagrams
Chpter 9: Phse Digrms ISSUES TO ADDRESS... When we combine two elements... wht is the resulting equilibrium stte? In prticulr, if we specify... -- the composition (e.g., wt% Cu - wt% Ni), nd -- the temperture
More informationPhase Equilibria: Solubility Limit PHASE DIAGRAMS 10 0 Solubility 8 0 Limit ENT 145 Materials Engineering (liquid) atu (liquid solution 4 0
Temperture (ºC) ter ugr Temperture (ºC) Phse Equilibri: olubility imit PHE DIGM ENT 145 Mterils Engineering Chpter 9 - olution solid, liquid, or gs solutions, single phse Mixture more thn one phse olubility
More informationIn situ evaluation of DGT techniques for measurement of trace. metals in estuarine waters: a comparison of four binding layers
Electronic Supplementry Mteril (ESI) for Environmentl Science: Processes & Impcts. This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry 2015 Supplementry Informtion for: In situ evlution of DGT techniques for
More informationSTRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN ELECTRON BEAM WELDED JOINTS OF CONTINUOUS SAW BLADES. Dumitru OCHIAN, Ion-Dragoş UŢU, Ion MITELEA
STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN ELECTRON BEAM WELDED JOINTS OF CONTINUOUS SAW BLADES Dumitru OCHIAN, Ion-Drgoş UŢU, Ion MITELEA Politehnic University of Timisor, Pt Victoriei, No. 1, Timisor, Romni, dnochin@yhoo.com,
More informationNOTICE CONCERNING COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS
NOTICE CONCERNING COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS This document my contin copyrighted mterils. These mterils hve been mde vilble for use in reserch, teching, nd privte study, but my not be used for ny commercil
More informationChapter 9: Phase Diagrams
hpter 9: Phse Digrms ISSUES TO ADDRESS... oncepts of Phse, omponent, Equilibrium Phse digrm In prticulr, if we specify... -- composition (e.g., wt% u - wt% Ni), nd -- temperture (T) then... How mny phses
More informationMACROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF CONTINUOUS CASTING INGOTS
Act Metllurgic Slovc, Vol. 20, 2014, No. 2, p. 146-151 146 MACROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF CONTINUOUS CASTING INGOTS Zdzisłw Kudliński 1), Krystin Jniszewski 2)* 1) Silesin University
More informationNumerical Analysis of a Reinforced Concrete Slab-Column Connection Subjected to Lateral & Vertical Loading
, Mrch 15-17, 2017, Hong Kong Numericl Anlysis of Reinforced Concrete Slb-Column Connection Subjected to Lterl & Verticl Loding Mostfiz Emtiz, A.S.M. Aluddin Al Azd, H. M. Shhin b nd Sultn Al Shfin c Abstrct
More informationThree-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Machine with a Short- Circuited Rotor
Exercise 1 Three-Phse Wound-Rotor Induction Mchine with Short- Circuited Rotor EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you hve completed this exercise, you will know how three-phse woundrotor induction mchine cn operte
More informationImpacts of Fe-Based Amorphous HB1 Core Transformers on Energy Efficiency and Environment Protection
Impcts of Fe-Bsed Amorphous HB1 Core Trnsformers on Energy Efficiency nd Environment Protection Chng-Hung Hsu, b, Yeong-Hw Chng Electricl Engineering, Chng Gung University, To-Yun, Tiwn, R.O.C. b Electric
More informationHigh strength fine grained structural steel, thermo-mechanically rolled, for high temperature application
P420M HT High strength fine grined structurl steel, thermo-mechniclly rolled, for high temperture ppliction Specifiction DH-E52-D, edition April 2016 1 P420M HT is high strength thermomechniclly rolled
More informationPY2N20 Material Properties and Phase Diagrams
PY2N20 Mteril Properties nd Phse Digrms ecture 6 P. Stmenov, PhD School of Physics, TCD PY2N20-6 Microstructures in Eutectic Systems: I C o < 2 wt% Sn Result: - t extreme ends - polycrystl of grins i.e.,
More informationPerspectives on European Copper Smelting and Refining. Lisbon, 26th April
Perspectives on European Copper Smelting and Refining International Copper Study Group Lisbon, 26th April Agenda 1. Introduction Aurubis 2. Aurubis Multi-Metal Recycling 3. Challenges 4. Strategy and outlook
More informationChapter 9: PHASE DIAGRAM
Chpter 9: PHASE DIAGRAM ISSUES TO ADDRESS... When we combine two elements... wht is the resulting equilibrium stte? In prticulr, if we specify... -- the composition (e.g., wt% Cu - wt% Ni), nd -- the temperture
More informationSolutions to the Extra Problems for Chapter The temperature is K. To convert to Kelvin, we use Equation (10.4):
Solutions to the Extr roblems for Chpter 0. he temperture is 98. K. o convert to Kelvin, we use Eqution (0.4): K ºC + 73.5 5.0 + 73.5 98. Since we re dding, the significnt figures re determined by precision.
More informationSCH 3U1 Solutions Practice Test...visit class website for answers
Nme: Clss: Dte: SCH 3U1 Solutions Prctice Test...visit clss website for nswers True/Flse Indicte whether the sttement is true or flse. 1. Wter is not very good for dissolving ionic compounds. 2. Adding
More informationEXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF WASTE HEAT RECOVERY FROM CONDENSER OF REFRIGERATOR
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF WASTE HEAT RECOVERY FROM CONDENSER OF REFRIGERATOR Jgtp Vivek D.*, Ghuge N. C. * PG Scholr, Deprtment of Mechnicl Engineering, MCOE. Nshik, Svitribi Phule University Pune. **Assistnt
More informationArc Re-Melting of Ductile Cast Iron after Fesimg Modification
Arc Re-Melting of Ductile Cst Iron fter Fesimg Modifiction Dr. Olexiy A. Tchykovsky, Senior Professor, Deprtment of Foundry of ferrous nd non-ferrous metls, Ntionl Technicl University of Ukrine KPI Kyiv,
More informationCourse Objectives. MSE 260 Phase Transformations. Prerequisites. Course Outcomes 1/16/2017. Forms of Assessment. Course Outline. Dr.
ME 26 Phse Trnsformtions Kwme Nkrumh University of cience & Technology, Kumsi, Ghn Dr. Anthony Andrews Deprtment of Mterils Engineering Fculty of Mechnicl nd Chemicl Engineering College of Engineering
More informationGuided Design of Heating and Cooling Mains for Lower Water and Energy Consumption and Increased Efficiency
Guided Design of Heting nd Cooling Mins for Loer Wter nd Energy Consumption nd Incresed Efficiency Vincent Gololo 1, Thoko Mjozi 1*, Toshko Zhelev 2, Krum Semkov 2 1 University of Pretori, Deprtment of
More informationCORRELATION BETWEEN MELT POOL TEMPERATURE AND CLAD FORMATION IN PULSED AND CONTINUOUS WAVE ND:YAG LASER CLADDING OF STELLITE 6
Proceedings of the st Pcific Interntionl Conference on Appliction of sers nd Optics 4 CORREATION BETWEEN ET POO TEPERATURE AN CA FORATION IN PUSE AN CONTINUOUS WAVE N:YAG
More information[ HOCl] Chapter 16. Problem. Equilibria in Solutions of Weak Acids. Equilibria in Solutions of Weak Acids
Equilibri in Solutions of Wek Acids Chpter 16 Acid-Bse Equilibri Dr. Peter Wrburton peterw@mun.c http://www.chem.mun.c/zcourses/1011.php The dissocition of wek cid is n equilibrium sitution with n equilibrium
More informationThe basic model for inventory analysis
The bsic model for inventory nlysis Lecture Notes for ME515 Prepred by Joyce Smith Cooper Professor of Mechnicl Engineering University of Wshington cooperjs@uw.edu See Chpter 2 of Heijungs nd Suh (22)
More informationChickpeas Respond Well To Inoculation With TagTeam
Chickpes Respond Well To Inocultion With TgTem S.M. Phelps, nd E. Hgele Philom Bios Inc., 318-111 Reserch Drive, Ssktoon, SK S7N 3R2 Abstrct Rhizobi strins were tested in TgTem pet nd grnule formultions
More informationSimulation of Die Casting Process in an Industrial Helical Gearbox Flange Die
Simultion of Die Csting Process in n Industril Helicl Gerbox Flnge Die Mehdi Modbberifr, Behrouz Rd, Bhmn Mirzkhni Abstrct Flnges re widely used for connecting vlves, pipes nd other industril devices such
More informationEffect of Tantalum Additions to a Cobalt-Chromium-Nickel
Effect of Tntlum Additions to Coblt-Chromium-Nickel Bse Alloy A. P. ROWE, W. C. BIGELOW, nd K. ASGAR University of Michign, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michign 48104, USA An investigtion by electron
More information2nd International Conference on Electronic & Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology (EMEIT-2012)
2nd Interntionl Conference on Electronic & Mechnicl Engineering nd Informtion Technology (EMEIT-2012) Comprehensive Evlution of Air Conditioning Cold/Het Source System Bsed on Fuzzy Mthemtics Theory Gng
More informationPerformance of 2,4-dinitrophenol as a positive electrode in magnesium reserve batteries q
. Journl of Power Sources 89 2000 106 111 www.elsevier.comrlocterjpowsour Performnce of 2,4-dinitrophenol s positive electrode in mgnesium reserve btteries q S. Gopukumr ), S. Ntrjn, R. Thirunkrn, M. Skthivel
More informationTHE QUALITY OF CAST IRON SURFACE CREATED AS THE RESULT OF HOT - DIP ZINC GALVANIZING PRECEDED BY HIGH TEMPERATURE OXIDATION
THE QUALITY OF CAST IRON SURFACE CREATED AS THE RESULT OF HOT - DIP ZINC GALVANIZING PRECEDED BY HIGH TEMPERATURE OXIDATION Driusz JEDRZEJCZYK, Mciej HAJDUGA University of Bielsko-Bil, 43-309 Bielsko-Bil,
More informationSCOPE OF ACCREDITATION TO ISO/IEC 17025:2005
SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION TO ISO/IEC 17025:2005 VALE CANADA LTD. COPPER CLIFF ANALYTICAL SERVICES 18 Rink Street Copper Cliff, Ontario P0M 1N0 Canada Mr. Claude Serre Phone: 705 682 7501 CHEMICAL Valid To:
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF COMBUSTION DYNAMICS AT THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF BIOMASS PELLETS
ENGINEERING FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT Jelgv, 25.-27.5.216. DEVELOPMENT OF COMBUSTION DYNAMICS AT THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF BIOMASS PELLETS Ines Brmin, Rimonds Vldmnis, Mij Zke University of Ltvi mzfi@sl.lv
More informationRecycling of Jarosite For Recovery of Valuable Metals and its Utilisation
Interntionl journl of scientific nd technicl reserch in engineering (IJSTRE) www.ijstre.com Volume 1 Issue 4 ǁ July 216. Recycling of Jrosite For Recovery of Vluble Metls nd its Utilistion Mnorm Swin,
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 153 (2016 )
Avilble online t www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedi Engineering 15 (2016 ) 414 418 XXV Polish Russin Slovk Seminr Theoreticl Foundtion of Civil Engineering Bems with corrugted web: clcultion peculirities
More informationTanya Aycan Baser and Marcello Baricco
Glss Rev.Adv.Mter.Sci. forming bility 18(2008) of 1-76 50 (M=none, Al, Nb) bulk metllic glsses 71 GLASS FORMING ABILITY OF (M=NONE, Al, Nb) BULK METALLIC GLASSES Tny Aycn Bser nd Mrcello Bricco Diprtimento
More information6.1 Damage Tolerance Analysis Procedure
6. Dmge Tolernce Anlysis Procedure For intct structure the nlysis procedures for Slow Crck Growth nd Fil Sfe structure re essentilly the sme. An initil flw is ssumed nd its growth is nlyzed until filure
More informationLaboratory Plant for Studies Regarding the Behaviour of the Sintered Materials in Oxygen Isotopic Distillation
6th IASME/WSEAS Interntionl Conference on HEAT TRANSFER, THERMAL ENGINEERING nd ENVIRONMENT (HTE'08) Lortory Plnt for Studies Regrding the Behviour of the Sintered Mterils in Oxygen Isotopic Distilltion
More informationLi Mass = 7 amu Melting point C Density 0.53 g/cm 3 Color: silvery
Blackline Master B02: Mendeleev s Element Cards H Mass = 1 amu Melting point -259 0 C Density 0.0909 g/cm 3 Color: colorless Li Mass = 7 amu Melting point 180.5 0 C Density 0.53 g/cm 3 Be Mass = 9 amu
More informationUmicore Precious Metals Refining. Excellence in recycling
Umicore Precious Metals Refining Excellence in recycling October 2008 Umicore A Materials Technology company A focus on clean technologies A platform for a sustainable future Dealing with natural resources
More informationA Simplified Practical Model for a Walking Beam Type Reheat Furnace with Specific Heat Transfer Characteristics
Journl of Modeling nd Optimiztion 8:2 (2016) A Simplified Prcticl Model for Wlking Bem Type Rehet Furnce with Specific Het Trnsfer Chrcteristics Lingyn Hu College of Informtion Engineering, Dlin University,
More informationHigh performance, low cost thermoplastic coatings for dishwasher baskets and other domestic appliances
Applinces High performnce, low cost thermoplstic cotings for dishwsher bskets nd other domestic pplinces Low mteril prices, excellent customer service Introduction Plscot is the world leder in thermoplstic
More informationCLASS TEST GRADE 11. PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY Test 7: Chemical systems
CLASS TEST GRADE PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY Test 7: Chemical systems MARKS: 45 TIME: hour INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION. Answer ALL the questions. 2. You may use non-programmable calculators. 3. You may
More informationAspects of alumina dissolution during the smelting reduction of chromite in MgO-Al 2. - CaO-SiO 2
Aspects of lumin dissolution during the smelting reduction of chromite in MgO CO slg system t 1650 o C MASIYA, TRUST T 1, TSAPAYI ALLAN, TSOMONDO BODMAN MC, 1 KUIPA PARDON K 3 AND SIMBI DAVID J 3* 1 Institute
More information1 Information, Persuasion, and Signalling
ECON 312: Advertising 1 We will now exmine nother strtegic vrible vilble to firms, tht of dvertising. Industril Orgniztion Advertising 1 Informtion, Persusion, nd Signlling 1.1 Persusion versus Informtion
More informationEconomic Profitability and Sustainability of Canola Production Systems in Western Canada
Economic Profitility nd Sustinility of Cnol Production Systems in Western Cnd Elwin Smith, R. Blckshw, Agriculture nd Agri-Food Cnd (AAFC), Lethridge, AB, N. Hrker, J. O'Donovn, AAFC Lcome AB, S. Brndt,
More informationBest Practices for PCR Assays in Seed Health Tests Version 3.0; June 2018
Best Prctices for PCR Assys in Seed Helth Tests Version 3.0; June 2018 Polymerse Chin Rection (PCR) is currently the most commonly utilized moleculr technique in seed helth testing. This document provides
More information2016 Prelim Essay Question 2
216 Prelim Essy Question 2 In recent yers, the price of nturl fertilisers for orgnic brown rice production hs risen nd helthy living cmpigns re seeing more consumers switching from nonorgnic white rice
More informationLos Alamos NITRIC ACID VAPOR REMOVAL BY ACTIVATED, IMPREGNATED CARBONS. Gerry 0. Wood
Title: NITRIC ACID VAPOR REMOVAL BY ACTIVATED, IMPREGNATED CARBONS Author(s): Gerry. Wood Submitted to U.S. Army Edgewood Reserch, Development nd Engineering (ERDEC) Scientific Conference Los Almos NATIONAL
More informationProtein sources for pig feeding in Yugoslavia
Prote sources for pig feedg Yugoslvi Zltic H. Aumître A. (ed.). The production pig met Mediterrnen Countries Pr : CIHEAM Options Méditerrnéennes : Série Etudes; n. 1989-I 1989 pges 139-145 Article vilble
More informationSUB-Programs - Calibration range Fe Base for "PMI-MASTER Pro" Spark - mode Fe 000
SUB-Programs - Calibration range Fe Base for "PMI-MASTER Pro" Spark - mode Fe 100 Fe 200 *** Fe 250 *** Fe 300 Fe 400 Fe 500 Fe 000 Fe low alloy steel cast iron Cr hard / Ni resist stainless steel tool
More informationThe contemporary Nickel Cycle
Center for Industrial Ecology Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies The contemporary Nickel Cycle (selection only) Barbara Reck April 24, 2006 Note The slides shown hereafter only include a selection
More informationWork hard. Be nice. Name: Period: Date: UNIT 2: Atomic Concepts Lesson 1: Give me an element, any element
1 Name: Period: Date: KIPP NYC College Prep General Chemistry UNIT 2: Atomic Concepts Lesson 1: Give me an element, any element Do Now: By the end of today, you will have an answer to: How do you know
More informationRheological properties and crystallization kinetics of polypropylene block copolymer with repeated extrusion
Kore-Austrli Rheology Journl Vol. 17, No. 1, Mrch 2005 pp. 21-25 Rheologicl properties nd crystlliztion kinetics of polypropylene block copolymer with repeted extrusion Yu-tek Sung, Won Jin Seo, Jong Sung
More informationCHM101 SECOND EXAM 162. Chemistry 101 SECOND Exam (162) Name: Date: 30/4/2017
Chemistry 101 SECOND Exam (162) Name: Date: 30/4/2017 Student no. Section: Useful Information:Gas Constant R= 0.08206 L.atm/K.mol, Specific heat of H 2 O=4.18 J/g. C 1 atm. = 760 mmhg. H 1 He 2 1.000 4
More informationPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID COOLING TOWER BASED ON THE EFFECTIVENESS-NTU APPROACH
Proceedings of the Asin Conference on Therml Sciences 2017, 1st ACTS Mrch 26-30, 2017, Jeju Islnd, Kore ACTS-P00478 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID COOLING TOWER BASED ON THE EFFECTIVENESS-NTU APPROACH
More informationA BEHAVIOR OF ELASTIC AND PLASTIC STRAIN FOR (α+γ) DUAL PHASE STAINLESS STEELS IN ROTATING BENDING TEST
Copyright JCDS - Interntionl Centre for Diffrction Dt 24, Advnces in X-ry Anlysis, Volume 47. 39 ISSN 197-2 A BEHAVIOR OF ELASTIC AND LASTIC STRAIN FOR (+) DUAL HASE STAINLESS STEELS IN ROTATING BENDING
More informationCopyright 1982 by ASME. Combined Cycles
THE AMERICAN OCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEER 345 E. 47 t., New York, N.Y. 117 82-GT-38 ^,+ w The ociety shll not be responsible for sttements or opinions dvnced in ppers or in C discussion t meetings of
More informationCrop Performance and Plant Microbe-Interactions are Affected by the Sequence and Frequency of Pulse Crops in the Canadian Prairie
Crop Performnce nd Plnt Microbe-Interctions re Affected by the Sequence nd Frequency of Pulse Crops in the Cndin Pririe Nvrro-Borrell A 1,2 ; Di M 2 ; Hmel C 1,2 ; Fernndez MR 2 ; Gn Y 2 ; Germid J 1.
More informationTREATMENT OF THE BRASS SMELTER FURNACE FLUE DUST
TREATMENT OF THE BRASS SMELTER FURNACE FLUE DUST Vesna Jovanović Copper Institute, Zeleni Bulevar 35, 19210 Bor Yugoslavia Abstract The objective of this work is to examine method for treatment of flue
More informationGENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS
Unit - 6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS VSA QUESTIONS (1 - MARK QUESTIONS) 1. Name three metals which occur in native state in nature. [Ans. : Au, Ag and Pt] 2. What are collectors
More information12. Which from of copper is called blister copper? 13. What are froth stabilizers? Give two examples. [Ex. : Cresol and aniline].
Unit - 6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS VSA QUESTIONS (1 - MARK QUESTIONS) 1. Name three metals which occur in native state in nature. [Ans. : Au, Ag and Pt] 2. What are collectors
More information(b) Is already deposited in a waste disposal site without methane recovery.
TYPE III - OTHER PROJECT ACTIVITIES Project prticipnts must tke into ccount the generl guidnce to the methodologies, informtion on dditionlity, bbrevitions nd generl guidnce on lekge provided t http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/sscmethodologies/pproved.html.
More informationPAPER CHEMISTRY, APPLETON, WISCONSIN IPC TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES NUMBER 163 W. J. WHITSITT OCTOBER, 1985
163 THE INSTITUTE OF PAPER CHEMISTRY, APPLETON, WISCONSIN O E G? o IPC TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES NUMBER 163 O4 o= o COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH RELATIONSHIPS AND FACTORS, C) t C= c. Md Qy W. J. WHITSITT OCTOBER,
More informationFor more important question's visit :
For more important question's visit : www.4ono.com Unit - 6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS VSA QUESTIONS (1 - MARK QUESTIONS) 1. Name three metals which occur in native state
More informationq p P : Si : : : : Si : : : Si : Si : Si : : Extra free e - Dope Here, energy to get 1/26/10 Lecture Topics: Silicon
EE 143 Microfbriction Technology Lecture 3 Mterils II 1/26/10 Reding portions throughout Jeger Lecture Topics licon licon Dioxide licon Nitride Aluminum & Other Metls In this course, the focus will be
More informationTable 8. Vacuum filter performance for processing municipal sludges conditioned by ferric chloride and lime. a
Tble 8. Vcuum filter performnce for processing municipl sludges conditioned by ferric chloride nd lime. Type of Sludge Solids Loding (lb/hr-ft 2 ) Percent Solids Cke Fresh primry 6-8 25-38 Fresh primry
More informationV94.2 Gas Turbine Thermodynamic Modeling for Estimation of Power Gained by Fog System in Iran Power Plants
V94 Gs Turbine Thermodynmic Modeling for Estimtion of Power Gined by Fog System in Irn Power Plnts Mohmmd Ameri #, Behnm Thvildr * #Combined Het & Power Specilized Unit (CHP), Mechnicl & Energy Engineering
More information1. Supplementary Figures and Legends a b
doi:10.1038/nture09540 1. Supplementry Figures nd Legends Supplementry Figure 1. Scnning trnsmission electron microgrphs (STEM) of NCC., STEM prepred from fst evportion of dilute NCC suspension shows individul
More informationElvaX ProSpector in Exploration & Mining
ElvaX ProSpector in Exploration & Mining Introduction ElvaX ProSpector is a fast, accurate and easy tool for different mining applications. It provides onsite analysis of ore samples with minimal sample
More informationEffect of Austempering Heat Treatment on the Tensile Properties of CamShaft Made of Ductile Cast Iron
Interntionl Refereed Journl of Engineering nd Science (IRJES) ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821 Volume 6, Issue 11 (Novemer 2017), PP. 16-22 Effect of Austempering Het Tretment on the Tensile
More informationmatte phases are calculated with varying matte grades and tion. So, it is very important to understand the behaviors of
A Thermodynamic Model of Nickel Smelting and Direct High-Grade Nickel Matte Smelting Processes: Part II. Distribution Behaviors of Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, As, Sb, and Bi PENGFU TAN and DIETER NEUSCHÜTZ A thermodynamic
More informationESTIMATION AND UTILIZATION OF STRUCTURE ANISOTROPY IN FORMING PIECES
www.cermics-silikty.cz Cermics-Silikáty 61 (), 141-146 (17) doi: 1.13168/cs.17.9 ESTIMATION AND UTILIZATION OF STRUCTURE ANISOTROPY IN FORMING PIECES MAROS MARTINKOVIC Slovk University of Technology in
More informationSTUDY OF ELEMENT FINGERPRINTING IN GOLD DORÉ BY GLOW DISCHARGE MASS SPECTROMETRY
STUDY OF ELEMENT FINGERPRINTING IN GOLD DORÉ BY GLOW DISCHARGE MASS SPECTROMETRY MICHAEL W. HINDS, Ph.D. 1 ELEMENT FINGERPRINTING In 1994, John Whatling* used laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry
More informationCorrosion tests of high temperature alloys in impure helium
Proceedings of the HTR 214 Corrosion tests of high temperture lloys in impure helium Jn Berk 1,2, Jn Klivodov 1, Monik Vilemov 3, Zuzn Skoumlov 4, Petr Brec 4 1 Resrch Centre Rez Ltd. Husinec - Řež, Hlvní
More informationSchedule of Accreditation issued by United Kingdom Accreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK
Schedule of ccreditation United Kingdom ccreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK ccredited to Metals and Minerals Division 2 Perry Road Witham Essex CM8 3TU Contact:
More informationStudy on the Effect of Different Modified Zeolite to Phosphorus Activation in Red Soil
Journl of Environmentl Protection, 216, 7, 236-246 http://www.scirp.org/journl/jep ISSN Online: 2152-2219 ISSN Print: 2152-2197 Study on the Effect of Different Modified to Phosphorus Activtion in Red
More informationSUB-Programs - Calibration range Fe Base for "FOUNDRY-MASTER UV"
SUB-Programs - Calibration range Fe Base for "FOUNDRY-MASTER UV" Fe 100 low alloy steel Fe 150 free cutting steel Fe 200 cast iron Fe 250 Cr-Hard/Ni.Resist Fe 300 stainless steel Fe 400 tool steel Fe 500
More informationWP1. Agricultural biomass quality. Poul Erik Lærke, Na Liu & Uffe Jørgensen, Dept. of Agroecology
WP1. Agriculturl iomss qulity Poul Erik Lærke, N Liu & Uffe Jørgensen, Dept. of Agroecology Influencing fctors Genotype Hrvest time Storge Soil type nd climte Anlyses Work content Yield nd qulity of dedicted
More informationThree-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Machine with Rotor Resistance
Exercise 2 Three-Phse Wound-Rotor Induction Mchine with Rotor Resistnce EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you hve completed this exercise, you will know the effects of vrying the rotor resistnce of three-phse wound-rotor
More informationCopper and its Alloys. Haseeb Ullah Khan Jatoi Department of Chemical Engineering UET Lahore
Copper and its Alloys Haseeb Ullah Khan Jatoi Department of Chemical Engineering UET Lahore Non Ferrous Metals and Alloys Usually metals and alloys are divided categories. 1. Ferrous into two 2. Non-
More informationReturn Temperature in DH as Key Parameter for Energy Management
Interntionl OPEN ACCESS Journl Of Modern Engineering Reserch (IJMER) Return Temperture in DH s Key Prmeter for Energy Mngement Normunds Tlcis 1, Egīls Dzelzītis 2, Agnese Līckrstiņ 2 *JSC Rīgs siltums
More informationChapter 3: The Structure of Crystalline Solids
Chpter 3: The Structure of Crystlline Solids ISSUES TO ADDRESS... How do toms ssemble into solid structures? Exmples of dependence of mteril property on its crystl structure Chpter 3-1 Crystlline mterils...
More informationPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF COOLING TOWER IN PROCESS INDUSTRY
Vol-3 Issue-6 07 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-395-4396 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF COOLING TOWER IN PROCESS INDUSTRY Ygnesh S. Anchn, Srfrz M. Khn, Shym P. Ld 3, Drshnesh B. Ptel 4, Dhruv V. Ptel 5, Jhnbux Mnek Vriv 6
More informationJapanese Iron and Steel Certified Reference Materials April 9, 2012
I. CRMs for Chemical Analysis Japanese Iron and Steel Certified Reference Materials April 9, 2012 I-1. Pure iron series Mass content in % C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo Cu Co Al As Sn B N Na X 001-6 High grade pure
More informationA Thermodynamic Analysis of the Kalina Cycles: Comparisons, Problems and Perspectives
THE AMERICA SOCIETY OF MECHAICAL EGIEERS 345 E. 47 St., ew York,.Y. 117 89-GT-149 The Society shll not be responsible for sttements or opinions dvnced in ppers or in discussion t meetings of the Society
More informationWeb Crippling of Wide Deck Sections
Missouri University of Science nd Technology Scholrs' Mine Interntionl Specilty Conference on Cold- Formed Steel Structures (1990) - 10th Interntionl Specilty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures
More informationZINC RECOVERY FROM WASTES USING SPENT ACID FROM SCRAPPED LEAD ACID BATTERIES
ZINC RECOVERY FROM WASTES USING SPENT ACID FROM SCRAPPED LEAD ACID BATTERIES Zdenek Kunicky, Kovohute Pribram nastupnicka, a.s., Czech Republic Jitka Jandova, Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering,
More informationMetallic Ore Deposits. From where do we mine our metals?
Metallic Ore Deposits From where do we mine our metals? Average Crustal Abundance of Ore Metals Metal Silver (Ag) Gold (Au) Copper (Cu) Iron (Fe) Nickel (Ni) Lead (Pb) Tin (Sn) Zinc (Zn) Average Abundance
More informationThe Effect of SFAS No. 131 on the Diversification Discount
The Effect of SFAS No. 131 on the Diversifiction Discount Seoungpil Ahn Sogng Business School, Sogng University PA706, 35 Bekbeom-ro, Mpo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Kore E-mil: sphn@sogng.c.kr Received: July 2,
More information27 Co Ni Fe Cu Ag Ru Pd Rh Pt Os Ir 192.
UW VERSIONA CHEM152,Sp11 1A 1 H 1.008 3 Li 6.941 11 Na 22.99 2A 4 Be 9.012 UsefulConstants: R=8.314J/mol.K=0.08206liter.atm/mol.K Avogadro snumber:n a =6.022x10 23 molecules/mol Boltzmann sconstant:k=1.38x10
More informationdescribed in further detail in Volumes II and III
.4.6 1 8 A common prctice in both mbient ir monitoring nd i. source emission monitoring includes pretest preprsttionry high.nd representtive monitoring dt. These viding qulity described in further detil
More informationA STUDY OF HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTIONS IN OXIDE-DISPERSION-STRENGTHENED MOLYBDENUM AT REDUCED OXYGEN PARTIAL PRESSURES
A STUDY OF HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTIONS IN OXIDE-DISPERSION-STRENGTHENED MOLYBDENUM AT REDUCED OXYGEN PARTIAL PRESSURES A Thesis Presented to The Acdemic Fculty By Jelil Srh Mohmmed In Prtil Fulfillment
More informationA Fuzzy GM(1,1) Model Based Possibility Check for Predicting CO2 Emissions
Interntionl Journl of Mchine Lerning nd Computing, Vol. 5, No., Februry 05 A Fuzzy GM(,) Model Bsed Possibility Check for Predicting CO Emissions Zhiyi Meng intensity in this region hs incresed quickly
More informationStudy on the initial allocation of carbon emission permits in the. provinces of China based on Shapley method
Study on the initil lloction of crbon emission permits in the provinces of Chin bsed on Shpley method Mu Hilin1, Hung Yuxun1,, Li Nn1, Xue Zhoqun1, LI Longxi1 1805, College of Energy nd Power Engineering,
More informationPREPARATION OF NOVOLACS USING PHENOLIC RICH COMPONENTS AS PARTIAL SUBSTITUTE OF PHENOL FROM BIOMASS PYROLYSIS OILS
, 251-257. ISSN 1011-3924 Printed in Ethiopi 2010 Chemicl Society of Ethiopi PREPARATION OF NOVOLACS USING PHENOLIC RICH COMPONENTS AS PARTIAL SUBSTITUTE OF PHENOL FROM BIOMASS PYROLYSIS OILS Xu Junming
More informationEvaluation of WC-9Co-4Cr laser surface alloyed coatings on stainless steel
Evlution of WC-9Co-4Cr lser surfce lloyed cotings on stinless steel B A Odele 1, P A Olumi 1, S L Pityn 2 nd A P I Popool 1 1 Deprtment of Chemicl nd Metllurgicl Engineering, Tshwne University of Technology,
More informationSlovak Society of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava PROCEEDINGS
Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava PROCEEDINGS 44 th International Conference of the Slovak Society
More informationDisposable bioreactor systems are
Oxygen Mss Trnsfer Correltion for Rocking- Motion Biorector System Erin Shughnessey, Armin Opitz, nd Jck Prior Disposble biorector systems re technologies commonly used in bioprocessing. They provide costeffective
More information