AP Exam Review. Chapter 3-4

Transcription

1 AP Exam Review Chapter 3-4

2 Chapter 3 The Constitution

3 Colonies Declaration from the British (chapter 3) The British was imposing taxes on the colonies Boston Tea Party Video (schoolhouse rock boston tea party): 9pDZMRCpQ

4 Colonies Declaration from the British Continued (chapter 3) The Declaration of Independence- Drafted by Thomas Jefferson; proclaimed the right of colonies to separate from Great Britain Signed on July 4th, 1776 idea of the social contract theory-gave colonies the right to resist the British & set up their own rulers

5 The War of Independence (chapter 3) Lasted from April 19, 1775-October 19, 1781 Video (Schoolhouse Rock shot heard around the world) : com/watch?v=rzmmpwtwthc Video (Liberty Kids 1st fourth of July ) : v=eccgj5u_ydc

6 The Articles of Confederation (chapter 3) After the colonies were free from the British, they formed a republic Independent states created a confederation March 1, 1781 the Articles of Confederation were adopted by the 13 states

7 The Virginia Plan (chapter 3) Separated the government into 3 branches Video (Schoolhouse Rock 3 branches ) EISWIY9bG8 also see table in book on pg. 66 Divided the legislature into 2 houses Proportional representation in the legislature

8 The New Jersey Plan (chapter 3) Proposed a single chamber have the power to raise revenue & regulate commerce States have = representation in the legislature & choose its members Multiperson executive be elected by the legislature Supreme tribunal be created with limited jurisdiction Acts of legislature should be binding on the states

9 The Great Compromise (chapter 3) Also called the Connecticut Plan called for a bicameral legislature in which the House of Representatives would be apportioned according to population & the states would be equally represented in the Senate

10 Electoral College (chapter 3) A body of electors chosen by voters to cast ballots for president and vice president Video (Schoolhouse Rock electoral college) v=oyifqf3xh24

11 Additional terms (chapter 3) Extraordinary majority Republicanism Federalism Separation of powers Checks and balances What effect do these terms have on government?

12 Articles of the Constitution (chapter 3) Article I: Legislative enumerated powers necessary & proper clause implied powers Article II: Executive focuses on the president Article III: Judicial focuses on the Supreme Court Judicial review is an inferred power

13 Other Articles (chapter 3) Article IV Supremacy clause

14 The Bill of Rights (chapter 3) *Need to know all of the amendments. Refer to the tables on pg s. 74 & 76

15 Amending the Constitution (chapter 3) Source:

16 Chapter 4 Federalism

17 Federalism what that???? The division of power between the central government (federal government) and regional governments (state/local governments)

18 Major Theories to describe Federalism 1. Dual Federalism The constitution is a compact among soveriegn states, so that the powers of the national governent and the states are clearly differentiated 2. Cooperative Federalism The constitution is an agreement among people who are citizens of both state and nation so there is much overlap between state and national powers

19 Dual federalism Believes: Nat gov is ruled by its enumerated powers ONLY National gov has a limited set of constitutional purposes each government unit (nation and state) is sovereign in it s sphere the relationship between the nat gov and the state gove is best characterized by tension than cooperation States Rights - The idea that all rights not specifically conferred on the national government by the Constitution are reserved to the states

20 Cooperative Federalism Believes: National and state agencies typically undertake government actions jointly, instead of exclusively The nation and states routinely share power Power is not concentrated at any government level or in any agency (Marble cake Federalism)

21 Dynamics of Federalism The exchange of power and relationship between National governments and State governments are usually stimulated by four common forces: 1. National Crisis and Demands 2. Judicial interpretation 3. Grants-in-aid 4. Professionalization of State Governments

22 Ideology and Federalism Conservatives tend to be dual federalist while liberals tend to be cooperative federalists Policy Entreprenuers - Citizens, members of interest groups, or public officials who champion particular policy ideas Mostly work on all levels of legislation, Nat to local

23 Restraint - forbids state governments from exercising a certain power National intervention in State functions Preemption -The power of Congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes total or partial responsibility for a state gov function Mandate - A requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service, in keeping with minimum national standards

24 Coercive federalism A view holding that the national government may impose its policy preferences on the states through regulations in the form of Mandates and Restraints

25 Federalism and Electoral Politics Because most presidents start out in State government positions, their campaigns usually include working with state government and working with their old friends from State government positions

26 Federalism & Electoral pol. cont. Redistricting- This happens at a local level, but it makes congress, a national level of the government, work with state governments

27 GRANTS Grant in aid - Categorical Grant - Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or "categories," of state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions. Block Grants - Federal grant given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services

28 Grants C Formula Grants - Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations. Project Grants - Federal grants given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of the merits of applications. A type of categorical grants available to states and localities.

29 Government and Home Rule Whose responsibility is it to protect the people when small concentrated crisis hits? Local and national government need to work together

30 Government sublevels municipal government - local (single town) government county government school district special district - governments between state and local level

31 Federal and international system Although only the national government can make treaties and international trade agreements, states can push for their own agreements and make state laws about interstate commerce (interstate commerce law)

32 Federalism and

33 1990 FRQ Question: Is Congress effective in exercising legislative oversight of the federal bureaucracy? Support your answer by doing ONE of the following: Explain two specific methods Congress uses to exercise effective oversight of the federal bureaucracy OR Give two specific explanations for the failure of Congress to exercise effective oversight of the federal bureaucracy

34 FRQ Answer & Grading: two specific methods of effective oversight 1 point for taking a stand if Congress is effective or not 2 points for each method (how & why) Budget control Program evaluation Setting guidelines for new agencies Sunset legislation

35 FRQ Answer & Grading Con. : Two failure s to exercise effective oversight 1 point for showing why failure occurs 2 points for each specific explanation (how & why) Lack of budget control Iron triangles cozy relationships with agencies logrolling

36 Video: Memorizing the Bill of Rights v=kd7lk6hgsoe