What level of government has the most amount of the power?
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- Roderick Daniel
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1 Governments
2 Form of Government Confederation What level of government has the most amount of the power? What level of government has the least amount of power? Example Unitary System Federal System
3 Confederation Government Weak Central Government *Confederate Govt.: voluntary members retain most power, and give a little power to a weak central government for benefits Examples: European Union (EU), OPEC & Articles of Confederation (America s first government)
4 Unitary Government Strong Central Government * Definition: Most of the power belongs to national government states have little power Examples: Great Britain, Israel, and Japan.
5 Federal System of Government * Federal Government: Power is divided & shared among the local, state and the national government Examples: United States, Russia, Mexico
6 Autocracy Rule by one person with unlimited power Citizens have little or no voice in government Examples: Absolute monarch inherits the right to rule Dictatorship usually takes control and rules by force
7 Oligarchy Rule by a few with power Examples: wealthy landowners Citizens have little or no voice or choice in government
8 What is a Democracy? * Democracy: control of govt. in hand of people - demos = people - kratos = rule *Types: - Representative vs. Direct - Presidential vs. Parliamentary
9 Direct vs. Representative Democracy * Direct Democracy: - all people decide on individual issues - Example: Switzerland * Indirect/Representative Democracy: - people select representatives to decide the issues - Example: USA
10 Presidential vs. Parliamentary Democracy (cont.) * Parliamentary: Definition: Legislative branch elects the leader (executive/president/prime minister) of country - Legislative branch = Very Powerful - Example: Great Britain, Israel Voters (elect) Members of Legislative Branch (Legislative branch elects) Chief Executive
11 Presidential Democracy * Definition: Legislative branch & Executive branch are separate & independent of each another Separation of Powers exists Example: USA Voters Voters (Elect) Members of the Legislative Branch Voters (Elect) The Chief Executive
12 Comparing Presidential & Parliamentary Democracies Presidential Democracy Parliamentary Democracy
13 Type of Government Definition Example Monarchy Dictatorship/ Autocracy Oligarchy Totalitarian
14 Types of Unlimited Governments * Monarchy: - Definition: Single leader (King/Queen) that inherits power - Example: King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia * Dictatorships/Autocracy: - Definition: Single leader that gets power after struggle - Example: Saddam Hussein
15 Types of Unlimited Governments * Oligarchies: - Definition: small group rules country - Example: Guatemala (50 s & 60 s) * Totalitarian: - Definition: govt. has total control of people s lives - Example: Hitler s Germany
16 Economic Systems * Economic Systems: organized structures that answer 3 economic questions about making, selling, and using goods & services : (1) What to produce? (what good/service being sold?) (2) For whom to produce? (who buys goods/services?) (3) How to Produce? (methods used in making goods)
17 Economic Decisions (1) A company decides to install more machines and lay off some of its workers. Which economic question is being directly addressed? (a) How to produce (b) What to produce (c) For whom to produce
18 Type of Economy Traditional Definition Who decides: What to Produce? Who decides: How to Produce? Who decides: For Whom to Produce? Command Market Mixed- Market
19 Traditional Economy * Definition: economic decisions are based on habit, tradition, or custom * What to Produce? - past traditions * How to Produce? - past traditions * For Whom to Produce? - past traditions
20 * Definition: - govt. makes econ. decisions * What to Produce? - government * How to Produce? - government Command Economy * For Whom to Produce? - government
21 Market (Capitalist) Economy * Definition: - buyers and sellers make economic decisions - business strives to make profit * What to Produce? - consumer wants businesses produce * How to Produce? - business owners cost effective * For Whom to Produce? - consumers income determines who buys goods
22 Mixed Market Economy * Definition: - a blend of economies market & command economies Government Inspector * What to Produce? - business owners govt. regulations * How to Produce? - business owners govt. regulations * For Whom to Produce? - customer wants/needs govt. regulations
23 The United States Mixed Market 1. Govt. regulates business/trade - Ex: FDA 2. Govt. steps in with social services - Ex: Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, Food Stamps 3. Govt. spends $ in markets - Ex: Military Spending Economy
24 Reviewing America s Constitutional Principles
25 American Principles **The govt. follows these principles when making Laws, taking actions and making Decisions 1. Popular Sovereignty 2. Federalism 3. Rule of Law 6 Guiding Principles: 4. Separation of Powers 5. Checks and Balances 6. Judicial Review
26 Popular Sovereignty * Meaning: People are source of govt. power (1) Popular = People (2) Sovereignty = Power or Controller * Example: - elections - peaceful demonstrations
27 Federalism * Meaning: power is divided and shared between national (central), state, local govts. * Example: - Shared Power = Amendment Process - Federal Power = Prints Money - State Power = Driver s License
28
29 Rule of Law * Meaning: laws apply to all people - No one is above the law * Example: - The President pays taxes like we do
30 Separation of Powers * Meaning: - govt. power is divided btw. legislative, executive, & judicial branches
31 Checks & Balances * Meaning: each branch has powers over the other 2 branches Creates Balanced Branches &
32 * Meaning: judicial branch (courts) decide if govt. acts violate constitution - Marbury v. Madison created judicial review Judicial Review * Example: - Brown v. Board of Ed. Supreme Court ruled that segregation was illegal in public places
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