Emerald Ash Borer: The Protection Option in Canada. J. Meating BioForest Technologies Inc. Sept. 28, 2011

Transcription

1 Emerald Ash Borer: The Protection Option in Canada J. Meating BioForest Technologies Inc. Sept. 28, 2011

2 EAB in North America

3 EAB in Canada (Sept. 2011)

4 EAB & DED Panic, doom & gloom! 2009 EAB Workshop RBG Dr. Les Magasi: DED, lessons from the past. Doing something was always better than doing nothing. Inventory Detection Delineation Strategy

5 TreeAzin Systemic Insecticide 5% technical systemic formulation IP developed and owned by the CFS Under worldwide license to BioForest Technologies

6 TreeAzin Systemic Insecticide Neem-based reduced risk bioinsecticide; AI=Azadirachtin extract from seed kernels; High toxicity to wide range of damaging insect pests; Very low mammalian and bird toxicity

7 Azadirachtin: Modes of Action Immature stages: IGR inhibits development Mature stages: Repellant Reduced fecundity

8 TreeAzin Efficacy Trials Host Species Red pine Jack Pine White pine White spruce Balsam fir Cedar Lodgepole pine Red and Bur oak Trembling aspen Ash Maple White birch Hemlock Pest Species Emerald ash borer Gypsy moth Pine false webworm Introduced pine sawfly Cedar leafminer Forest tent caterpillar Eastern spruce budworm Jack pine budworm Birch leafminer Bronze birch borer Hemlock wooley adelgid *Mountain pine beetle *Asian longhorned beetle

9 TreeAzin: Regulatory Status U.S. Azadirachtin registered USEPA registration October 2008 (Reg # ) State registrations ~30+ NY & CA OMRI Listed 2008

10 TreeAzin: Regulatory Status Canada Health Canada, Pest Management Regulatory Agency Pesticide registration in Canada can be TOUGH and EXPENSIVE! Azadirachtin was not registered 2008 Emergency registration TreeAzin Systemic Insecticide 2009, 2010, 2011

11 TreeAzin & EAB Questions: Is it effective against EAB? Will it keep trees alive? How does it work? Bio-assays Field trials Environmental Impact studies Operational trials

12 TreeAzin: EAB Larval Development and Adult Emergence Number of Beetles Number of Developed Adult EAB Beetles in Imidacloprid and Azadirachtin Treated Potted Ash Trees Imidacloprid Azadirachtin Concentration in g of AI/cm dbh

13 TreeAzin: EAB Larval Development and Adult Emergence Number of Galleries Number of Incomplete EAB Beetle Galleries in Imidacloprid and Azadirachtin Treated Potted Ash Trees Imidacloprid Azadirachtin Concentration in g of AI/cm dbh

14 Foliar Residues (mg/kg f.w.) TreeAzin: Initial uptake and Persistence 5 Parkland White Ash 4 r 2 = Concentrations in the 1-5 mg/kg f.w. Range for a period of 1-7 days Time (DAT) Grimalt et al Pest Manag Sci. (in press)

15 TreeAzin: Foliar Residue Dynamics Substantial concentration by DAT 2 Residues decline exponentially throughout the summer At senescence residues approximated 0.01mg/kg Mitigate potential effects on soil and aquatic systems Exposure above threshold for biological effectiveness against EAB larvae and adults Grimalt, S., et al. Foliar residue dynamics of azadirachtins following direct stem injection into white and green ash trees for control of emerald ash borer. Pest Manag. Sci

16 TreeAzin: Environmental Fate What happens when treated leaves fall to the ground or into water bodies? AZA concentrations almost undetectable No impact on soil organisms No impact on aquatic organisms Kreutzweiser, D., et al., Environmental safety to decomposer invertebrates of azadirachtin (neem) as a systemic insecticide in trees to control emerald ash borer. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. (2011), doi: /j.ecoenv

17 TreeAzin: EAB Fecundity & Fertility Control Eggs laid TreeAzin Eggs hatched 99% reduction in EAB population for Year X+1

18 TreeAzin: Mean Cumulative Egg Production # of Eggs H2O Form Blank 0.01 ppm 0.1 ppm 1.0 ppm 5.0 ppm 10.0 ppm 10 0 Day 3 Day 6 Day 9 Day 12 Day 15 Day 18 Day 21 Day 24 Days after Start of Assay Foliar concentrations were not analytically verified in this experiment, but treatment solution concentrations were equivalent to those used in the Everbearing ash study

19 TreeAzin: Two-Year Efficacy? No. trees Treated August 2008 & Assessed Feb 2010 Treated Untreated >5 Woodpecker feeding sites N = 209 ash trees

20 Galleries/100cmsq Avg gallery Length (cm) EAB Galleries: Yr 2 EAB/100cmsq Avg Lt. (cm) TreeAzin Control 0 TreeAzin Control

21 TreeAzin: Two -Year Efficacy Year 1: Significantly impaired growth and development of larvae as well as adult emergence in year one (McKenzie et al. 2010) Year 2: Substantially reduced re-infestation in year two owing to reduced oviposition by EAB adult s maturation feeding in the tree canopy Potential AZA residues in year two inhibit larval development

22 TreeAzin Treatment Strategy What have we learned? Start treatments early! Before signs and symptoms appear High dose Bi-annual treatments We need more surveys to detect and delineate EAB populations

23 Acknowledgements Canadian Forest Service; B. Helson, J. McFarlane, D. Thompson Ontario Ministry Natural Resources; Saskatchewan Environment National Research Council IRAP;