STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities. Biomolecules. Cell Structure and Function. The Charles A. Dana Center at The University of Texas at Austin

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1 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities ell Structure and Function The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin 115

2 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities 116 The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin

3 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities ell Structure and Function Teacher Pages Purpose The purpose of this activity is to reinforce students understanding of the structure and function of different types of biomolecules and the limitations of models. orrelations to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills Note: Text with a line through it indicates this part of the TEKS is not being addressed in this activity. Some TEKS statements printed here end with a semicolon or the word and with nothing thereafter this indicates that further TEKS statements follow but are not included here. (9) Science concepts. The student knows the significance of various molecules involved in metabolic processes and energy conversions that occur in living organisms. The student is expected to: (A) compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; (Readiness standard) (2) Scientific processes. The student uses scientific methods and equipment during laboratory and field investigations. The student is expected to: () communicate valid conclusions supported by the data through methods such as lab reports, labeled drawings, graphic organizers, journals, summaries, oral reports, and technology-based reports. (Incorporated) (3) Scientific processes. The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions within and outside the classroom. The student is expected to: (E) evaluate models according to their limitations in representing biological objects or events; and (Incorporated) Materials Molecular model sets for building three-dimensional models of glucose, amino acid, and lipid molecules The following materials are included in the blackline masters for this station, which are available in color on the enclosed DVD. Station Information sheet (1 per station) Structural and hemical Formulas for Glucose sheet (1 per station) Structural and hemical Formulas for Lipid sheet (1 per station) Structural and hemical Formulas for Protein sheet (1 per station) Student Pages (1 copy per student) The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin Teacher Pages 117

4 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Supplementary Resources lecture. Retrieved on May 16, 2011 from the website of John Scalo, professor of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin: education/ spring05/scalo/lectures/309l-2bbiomola.pdf. : Introduction. Retrieved from the TutorVista.com website on May 16, 2011: biomoleculesindex.php. Glucose. Retrieved on May 16, 2011 from the 3Dhem.com website: molecules.asp?id=423. Phospholipid bilayer: Wiki. Retrieved on May 16, 2011 from The Full Wiki at Four lasses of. Retrieved on May 18, 2011 from the website of the hemistry Department at the University of Southern Maine: The Four. Retrieved on May 18, 2011 from Scribd.com: /. Advance Preparation 1. Print one copy of all the blackline masters for this station from the enclosed DVD using a color printer. olor is essential to the station activities. Make one copy of the student pages (including the glossary) for each student. 2. Use the molecular model set to assemble a glucose biomolecule, a protein biomolecule, and a lipid biomolecule. Use the structural and chemical formula cards as guides. The atoms may need to be glued into place before the models are placed at the station. 3. Laminate the structural and chemical formula cards representing glucose, lipid, and protein biomolecules. Station Setup 1. Laminate a copy of the Station Information sheet and secure it to the station table. Students will use this to confirm the station is set up correctly. 2. Place the three-dimensional models of the glucose, lipid, and protein biomolecules at the station. 3. Put the structural and chemical formulas sheet for each biomolecule by the appropriate 3-D model. 118 Teacher Pages The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin

5 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Procedures 1. Tell students to check the station setup against the station information sheet when they arrive at the table. If anything is missing or out of place, they should notify you. 2. Pass out a copy of the Student Pages to each student. Instruct students to work through the procedures and answer the questions with their teammate(s). 3. As students work through the station activity, circulate around the room, checking their work and responding to questions. Guide to Student Responses Note: The answers to the student questions represent the best answer and appear in italics. Actual student responses may vary. Essential Question are organic molecules produced by living organisms. Which biomolecule is produced during the process of photosynthesis and used as an energy source in cellular respiration? The biomolecule produced during photosynthesis is glucose, , and it is used as the energy source in cellular respiration. Activities and Questions 1. Which elements do all biomolecules have in common? arbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 2. are molecules that are synthesized by living cells. Why are biomolecules important? These molecules control almost every aspect of life processes. 3. Most biomolecules are macromolecules. ow do a biomolecule s size and the number of bonds it contains affect the amount of energy that is available? As the molecule size increases, so does the number of chemical bonds needed to hold the structure together. These bonds contain energy, which enables the molecule to perform its functions. The more energy contained within the molecule, the more work the structure can do once the energy is released. Energy is released when the bonds holding the atoms together are broken. The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin Teacher Pages 119

6 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities 4. The station has three different models of each biomolecule: a 3-D model, a structural formula, and a chemical formula (mathematical model). Locate the 3-D model of glucose. ount and record, in the table below, the number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms represented in the model. Type of atom Number present carbon 6 oxygen 6 hydrogen ow does the chemical formula for glucose, , compare to the table above? The chemical formula for glucose, , indicates the same number of atoms for each element as the chart shows. 6. omplete the table. Summarizing Type of Biomolecule Example of Biomolecule Elements in the Biomolecule Structure Function(s) of the Biomolecule arbohydrate glucose (sugar),, Provides most of the energy for cell processes Lipid fats,, Building block of biological membranes, makes coverings waterproof, stores energy Protein enzymes insulin growth hormone,,, N ontrols rates of reactions, regulates cell processes, forms bones and muscles, transports materials in and out of cells, fights diseases sugar Nucleic acid DNA RNA nitrogen base phosphoric acid Stores and transmits hereditary information,,, N, P 120 Teacher Pages The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin

7 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities 7. What are some advantages and limitations of these models? All three models are larger than the actual molecules. The 3-D model makes it possible to examine the bond angles contained within the shape of the molecule, unlike the 2-D structural and chemical formula models. The 3-D model and structural formula model allow for actual identification of each element and its placement within the molecule. I need to remember... Sugars, the smallest carbohydrates, serve as fuel. Lipids store large amounts of energy. A protein s function depends on its unique sequence of amino acids. Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information. rganic molecules contain carbon hydrogen bonds and are produced by organisms. The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin Teacher Pages 121

8 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities 122 Teacher Pages The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin

9 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities ell Structure and Function Blackline Masters ontents Station Information sheet Structural and hemical Formulas for Glucose sheet Structural and hemical Formulas for Lipid sheet Structural and hemical Formulas for Protein sheet Student Pages The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin Blackline Masters 123

10 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Station Information Sheet ell Structures and Functions Station Information: Lipid molecule Lipid molecule 2 Glucose molecule 6126 Fatty acids cerol 3(2)142 Protein molecule Ser Ser Amino acid N N peptide bond Ser Serine (Ser) 37N3 N 25N2 Ser cine () Amino acid Ser ollins-dana enter Amino acid Protein nine () 124 Blackline Masters ollins-dana enter ollins-dana enter 37N2 The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin

11 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Structural and hemical Formulas for Glucose Glucose molecule The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin Blackline Masters 125

12 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Structural and hemical Formulas for Lipid Lipid molecule (triglyceride) cerol Fatty acids 3 ( 2 ) Blackline Masters The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin

13 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Structural and hemical Formulas for Protein Amino acid N Serine (Ser) 3 7 N 3 Protein molecule Ser Ser peptide bond Ser Amino acid N nine () 3 7 N 2 Ser Amino acid N cine () 2 5 N 2 Ser Protein The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin Blackline Masters 127

14 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities 128 Blackline Masters The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin

15 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities ell Structure and Function Student Pages Purpose The purpose of this station is to reinforce your understanding of the structure and function of different types of biomolecules and the limitations of models. Before You Begin... heck to see that all the items are present and organized according to the Station Information sheet. If you notice a problem, notify the teacher immediately. Materials Station Information sheet Three-dimensional models of glucose, lipid, and three amino acid molecules Structural and hemical Formulas for Glucose sheet Structural and hemical Formulas for Lipid sheet Structural and hemical Formulas for Protein sheet Activities and Questions are organic molecules produced by living organisms. Which biomolecule is produced during the process of photosynthesis and used as an energy source in cellular respiration? Discuss the essential question with your teammate(s) and record your answer in the space below. The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin Student Pages 129

16 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Locate the three structural formula cards for glucose, lipid, and protein. Use the information on the cards to identify each of the 3-D biomolecule models located at the station. Use the key below to help identify the types of elements present in the biomolecules. bond (gray) hydrogen (white) oxygen (red) carbon (black) nitrogen (blue) 1. Which elements do all biomolecules have in common? 2. are molecules that are synthesized by living cells. Why are biomolecules important? 3. Most biomolecules are macromolecules. ow do a biomolecule s size and the number of bonds it contains affect the amount of energy that is available? 130 Student Pages The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin

17 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities 4. The station has three different models of each biomolecule: a 3-D model, a structural formula, and a chemical formula (mathematical model). Locate the 3-D model of glucose. ount and record, in the table below, the number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms represented in the model. Type of atom Number present carbon oxygen hydrogen 5. ow does the chemical formula for glucose, , compare to the table above? The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin Student Pages 131

18 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities 6. omplete the table. Summarizing Type of Biomolecule Example of Biomolecule Elements in the Biomolecule Structure Function(s) of the Biomolecule arbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic acid 7. What are some advantages and limitations of these models? 132 Student Pages The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin

19 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities 8. Now that you have completed these questions, return to the essential question at the beginning of the activity. Would you like to modify or change your answer? Write any modifications to your answer below. Note: Because other students are going to do the activity after you, be sure to put all the materials at the station back as you found them. Sometimes there will be materials that need to be renewed or replaced. If you need assistance or have any questions, ask your teacher. The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin Student Pages 133

20 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities I Need to Remember... omplete this part after class discussion of this station. I need to remember Student Pages The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin

21 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Glossary arbohydrate A sugar, such as a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, or a polysaccharide. Lipid ne of a family of biomolecule compounds that are insoluble in water, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids. Nucleic Acid A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of these proteins, for all cellular activities. Protein A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different amino acids. The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin Student Pages 135

22 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities 136 Student Pages The harles A. Dana enter at The University of Texas at Austin