COASTAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY Similarities, Differences & Coordination

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1 SOC5200 Coastal Community Development COASTAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY Similarities, Differences & Coordination By Khairul Hisyam Kamarudin, PhD MBA-Out Campus April 2017

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3 VARIOUS MINISTRIES AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES RELATED TO DEVELOPMENT

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7 Three (3) tiers of government Federal Level State Level Local Level

8 Level of government Federal / national level Horizontal components Differentiation of government departments by function Ports Fisheries Environment Tourism Foreign affairs State/ provincial level Local level Differentiation of government departments by function Ports Fisheries Environment Tourism Land planning Differentiation of government departments by function Engineering Park & recreation Health Land planning Vertical components Example of national system of coastal management governance vertical and horizontal components (Kay and Alder, 1999)

9 Physical features landward limit, or seaward limit of submarine platform (2 km each for Sri Lanka) Variables of coastal community Coastal boundaries are not fixed, but vary according to range of variables.. Biological features landward limit of a coastal vegetation complex, or seaward limit of a fringing reef Constructed landmarks roads, canals, railways, well-known buildings Administrative boundaries which determined by municipalities

10 Planning Strategic planning Operational planning Management Strategic management Strategic plan Strategic management plan Strategic operational plan Operational management Operational plan Management plan Coastal community management plan types according to strategic or operational focus (Kay and Alder, 1999)

11 General policy e.g. (1) regional or national planning guidance (2) planning guidelines Fully integrated coastal management plans Integrated (area) plans Subject (sector) plans Watershed catchment area plan Estuary estuary management plan Open coast coastal strategy Coastal protection and flood defense shoreline management plans Nature conservation special area of conservation management plans Fisheries framework plans Coastal industry harbor management plans Socio-economic plans Subject policy e.g. environmental guidelines; Habitat Directive; Heritage coast policy; fishery policy

12 Federal Level Name of Agency/Ministry Remarks 1 Kementerian Pelancongan & Kebudayaan Homestay, destination dev 2 Kementerian Tenaga, Teknologi Hijau & Air Physical, tech 3 Kementerian Pertanian & Industri Asas Tani Micro credit, tech, physical 4 Kementerian Kemajuan Luar Bandar & Wilayah Various 5 Kementerian Pembangunan Wanita, Keluarga & Masyarakat Women, training, credit 6 Kementerian Sumber Manusia Training 7 Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi Education, training 8 Kementerian Belia & Sukan Youth development 9 Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Koperasi & Kepenggunaan Training, credit 10 Kementerian Sumber Asli & Alam Sekitar Enforcement, edu 11 Kementerian Komunikasi & Multimedia Tech, marketing, PI1M 12 Kementerian Kesejahteraan Bandar, Perumahan & Kerajaan Tempatan Housing 13 Jabatan Perdana Menteri BR1M

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19 Regional Level Role of Regional Economic Corridors (ECER; NCER; Iskandar Malaysia, SCORE, SDC) Role of Regional Development Agencies (KETENGAH, PERDA) NGOs WWF Malaysia

20 Economic focus/ sustainability Social focus/ sustainability Create job, increase income, new job with more stable income, entrepreneurship, BCP Environment, resource focus/ sustainability Create awareness, sustainable consumption, reduce pollution, DRR Poverty reduction/ eradication, social networking, education and health

21 Issue: problem to get consensus during planning stage OK solved difficulty to implement the plan Three major components of implementation 1. Managing the resources and resource users 2. Ensuring that stakeholders expectations are met 3. Meeting statutory requirements in a cost effective manner

22 Managerial Resources Stakeholders / activities users Optimum implementation Managerial activities Managerial activities Interaction of the major components in implementing coastal community development plans Statutory requirements

23 Coordination between agencies? (example: Program Bantuan Rumah, PBR) Regional Economic Corridors (ECER) Implementation & Coordination Unit, ICU, JPM VS Farming projects, 1AZAM,training, entrepreneur, animal rearing, etc. Regional Development Agencies (KETENGAH) Issue: Coordination between implementation agencies particularly for development projects funded by Federal Ministries/Agencies at Regional and State levels (or, the more the better?)

24 MOTOUR MoAgri KKLW Museum & Antiquity Forestry (NRE) National Parks Community-based tourism project in coastal area RDAs JAKOA NGOs ECER, NCER Issue: monitoring of project s performance and achievement of objectives too many agencies compete in providing the project, but not clear who should lead the monitoring and identification of ROI

25 Conclusions