Industrial Entomology

Transcription

1 Industrial Entomology

2 Omkar Editor Industrial Entomology

3 Editor Omkar Department of Zoology University of Lucknow Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) Library of Congress Control Number: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore , Singapore

4 Preface While dealing with certain topics in entomology to undergraduate and postgraduate students of zoology over the last three decades, I realized a dearth of information on certain topics indicating a strong need of a specialized book dealing with those topics. In this way, the title Industrial Entomology came into existence in my mind. The term industrial entomology refers to the use of insects, their activities, or products on industrial scale for the human welfare. In the same context, I contacted with certain real experts for the selected topics covered under the umbrella of industrial entomology. The book starts with a brief write up on industrial entomology, followed by honey bee diversity, bee keeping, diseases, and natural enemies of honey bees; lac insects, lac cultivation, and lac culture; mulberry sericulture; diseases and natural enemies of Bombyx mori; tropical tasar culture; temperate tasar culture; ericulture and muga sericulture; insect pollinators, insects as food, and insect pharmaceuticals; and mass production of natural enemies for biocontrol of insect pests. To my knowledge, there is no such book dealing with these specialized topics by the real experts. I am sure that the book will be quite useful in studies not only to undergraduate and postgraduate students but to all those interested in practicing these areas besides the policy planners. I am thankful to all the contributors and subject experts including Professors M.R. Srinivasan, D.D. Barsagade, and M.S. Khan and Drs. Pradyumn Kumar, K.K. Sharma, P. Kumar, T.P.S. Chauhan, R.K. Goel, Mukesk Tayal, Babulal, A.A. Siddiqui, Bijoy K. Singh, Geetanjali Mishra, and Sunita Yadav, among others, from the inner core of my heart for instantly agreeing to my proposal and sparing time from their routine and hectic schedule to finalize and submit the chapters assigned to them within the time frame. I am especially thankful to my research team consisting of Dr. Geetanjali Mishra (associate professor), M/S. Shashwat Singh, Desh Deepak Chaudhary, Garima Pandey, Swati Saxena, Apoorva Shandilya, Priya Singh, and Chandani Verma for continued support during this venture. I greatly appreciate the last few weeks support from Dr. Geetanjali Mishra in finalizing this book. v

5 vi Preface I am also thankful to my wife, Mrs. Kusum Upadhyay, for her encouragements and silent sacrifice during the entire course of this project. Thanks are also due to Dr. Mamta Kapila, Ms. Manjusha Nalamolu, Mr. Raman Shukla, and Mr. Joseph Daniel from Springer Group for motivating me and also for keeping me alert from time to time, thus helping me in completing this book in time. Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Omkar

6 Contents 1 An Introduction to Industrial Entomology Omkar 2 Honeybee: Diversity, Castes and Life Cycle Sunita Yadav, Yogesh Kumar, and Babul Lal Jat 3 Beekeeping in India M. Kishan Tej, R. Aruna, Geetanjali Mishra, and M.R. Srinivasan 4 Diseases and Enemies of Honeybees Sunita Yadav and H.D. Kaushik 5 Lac Culture Y.D. Mishra and P. Kumar 6 Lac Insects and Host Plants K.K. Sharma 7 Lac Crop Harvesting and Processing K.K. Sharma 8 Mulberry Sericulture T.P.S. Chauhan and Mukesh K. Tayal 9 Silkworm Diseases and Pests Mukesh K. Tayal and T.P.S. Chauhan 10 Tropical Tasar Sericulture D.D. Barsagade 11 Temperate Tasar Culture Rakesh K. Goel 12 Ericulture B.K. Singh and S.A. Ahmed 13 Muga Sericulture Babulal, A.A. Siddiqui, and S. Chouhan vii

7 viii Contents 14 Insect Crop Pollinators M.S. Khan and Manish Kumar Yogi 15 Insects as Food Geetanjali Mishra and Omkar 16 Entomoceuticals Geetanjali Mishra and Omkar 17 Mass Production of Biocontrol Agents of Insect Pests Pradyumn Kumar, Jaswinder Kaur, J.C. Sekhar, Soujanya P. Lakshmi, and S.B. Suby

8 Contributors S.A. Ahmed Central Muga Eri Research & Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Lahdoigarh, Assam, India R. Aruna Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Babulal Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Pampore, Jammu and Kashmir, India D.D. Barsagade Department of Zoology, MJF Educational Campus, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India T.P.S. Chauhan Ex-Scientist, Central Silk Board, Niranjanpur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India S. Chouhan Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Pampore, Jammu and Kashmir, India Rakesh K. Goel Central Silk Board, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India Babul Lal Jat Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India Jaswinder Kaur Indian Institute of Maize Research, Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, India H.D. Kaushik Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India M.S. Khan Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India M. Kishan Tej Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India P. Kumar Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Namkum, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India Pradyumn Kumar Indian Institute of Maize Research, Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, India ix

9 x Contributors Yogesh Kumar Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India Soujanya P. Lakshmi Indian Institute of Maize Research, Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, India Geetanjali Mishra Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Y.D. Mishra (deceased) Omkar Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India J.C. Sekhar Indian Institute of Maize Research, Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, India K.K. Sharma Lac Production Division, Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Namkum, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India A.A. Siddiqui Former Scientist, Central Silk Board, Kalyanpur, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India B.K. Singh Central Muga Eri Research & Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Lahdoigarh, Assam, India M.R. Srinivasan Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India S.B. Suby Indian Institute of Maize Research, Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, India Mukesh K. Tayal Regional Sericultural Research Station, Central Silk Board, Miransahib, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India Sunita Yadav Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India Manish Kumar Yogi Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

10 About the Editor Professor Omkar has been actively engaged for over three decades in teaching and for nearly four decades in research. He is currently working as professor and head at the Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India. He is a fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India, and seven more professional bodies. He is a recipient of the Young Indian Zoologist of 20th Century Gold Medal by the Zoological Society of India (2000); Prof. T. N. Ananthakrishnan Foundation Award by the Prof. T. N. Ananthakrishnan Foundation, Chennai (2012); Rescholar Award of Excellence in Agricultural Entomology by the Association of Entomologists, Patiala (2014); and Prof. G. S. Shukla Gold Medal by the Academy of Environmental Biology, India (2014). He has authored books including Concepts of Toxicology, Experimental Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Kin Recognition and Oviposition Strategies in Aphidophagous Ladybirds, and Monitoring and Management of Mango Fruit Fly and edited books such as Pesticides, Man and Biosphere, Prof. S. B. Singh Commemoration Volume of Zoological Society of India, Modern Approaches to Insect Pest Management, Predaceous Ladybirds of Uttar Pradesh, and Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security. Professor Omkar has published about 150 research papers in international journals and 62 in Indian journals, 21 book chapters, and 14 popular science articles. Most of his research revolves around identifying and harnessing the potential of beneficial insects, in particular ladybird beetles, for which he is globally recognized. He has supervised 20 Ph. D. theses and completed about ten research projects funded by state and central government agencies. He is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, and chief editor of the Journal of Applied Bioscience besides being president of the International Society of Applied Biology. He works as a referee for about 40 international and 20 Indian journals of repute in addition to working as a subject expert in grant applications for the Swiss National Science Foundation, Switzerland, and a few central and state government funding agencies. He is the recipient of prestigious travel awards from the Indian National Science Academy, through which he has traveled, collaborated, and worked with global experts on ladybird biology at the University of East Anglia, UK, and the University of South Bohemia and Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic. xi