Manure application rates. Manure Application Effects on Soil Quality. Manure and Soil Quality. Page. Research indicates:

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1 Mnure Appliction Effects on Soil Qulity Crig Cogger WSU Puyllup Mnure nd Soil Qulity Reserch indictes: Mnure cn improve iologicl nd physicl soil qulity nd supply nutrients to plnts Higher ppliction rtes led to greter soil qulity enefits We will exmine soil qulity in the context of intensive vegetle cropping systems Mnure ppliction rtes Appliction rtes vry widely, depending on nutrient vlue of mnure. For intensive cropping systems, rtes cn rnge from 1 to 15 or more dry tons/cre. Acceptle ppliction rtes depend on: Concentrtion nd vilility of mnure nutrients Slt concentrtion nd potentil for slt prolems (see Mnure Appliction to Legumes Wecst, section y C. Shpiro)

2 Review of Mnure N Avilility nd Effect on Appliction Rtes Detils in previous wecst: Nitrogen Avilility from Orgnic Sources y Dn Sullivn Summry in next three slides Mnure decomposition in soil Decomposition (%) Broiler litter Dys Decomposition (%) Fresh Diry solids Composted diry solids Dys Plnt Aville N Fresh Compost PAN (%) Broiler litter C:N = 9 PAN (%) Diry solids C:N = C:N = 27 Dys Dys

3 Amendment C:N vs. plnt-ville N (field) Full-Seson PAN (% of mendment N) 1 1 Broiler litter Diry solids Rit mnure Yrd trimmings Specilty products Composts Amendment C:N Comprison of Effects of Broiler Litter nd Mixed On-Frm Compost on Soil Qulity Dt collected from WSU Puyllup Orgnic Vegetle Crops Systems experiment. Orgnic Systems Reserch strted 3 Nutrient Mngement Weed Ecology nd Mngement Soil Qulity Economics of Crop Production Crop Yield nd Qulity Insect Predtors nd Pests

4 Soil Amendments Chicken (Broiler) litter: low C ppliction (CKN) ( dt/c) Mixed on-frm compost: high C ppliction (OFC) (13-17 dt/cre) Rely plnted Legume (RLY) Cover Crops Post-Hrvest Short-term Cerel & legume Grss-legume (PH) Psture (LEY) Mesurements: Soil Qulity Bulk Density Infiltrtion Prticulte OM Enzyme ctivity Nemtodes Compction Collemol Aggregtion of prticles Nitrogen cycling Microil community structure Wter holding cpcity

5 Soil ph, K, nd OM 6 ph Exch. K OM mg/kg g/kg Ley Fll Rely Low C High C CC x md Bulk density ffected y mendment Bulk Density, g/ml CKN OFC CKN OFC CKN OFC Infiltrtion ffected y mendment nd rottion 7 Ley Post Hrvest Rely 6 Infiltrtion, mm/min CKN OFC CKN OFC CKN OFC Amendment

6 Smll Amendment Effect on Soil Compction After 4 yers of Applictions High OFCC CKN Low C Depth, mm ns Cone Index, kp Prticulte Orgnic Mtter (POM) C ffected y mendment Low CKNC ll dtes 18 High OFCC 16 POM C, g/kg soil Jn 4 Jun Jn 5 Jun Jn 6 Jun Jn 7 Jun Jn 8 Dehydrogense ctivity, ug TPF/g soil/h Dehydrogense s n indictor of iologicl ctivity Low CKNC High OFCC 1. Jn 4 Jun Jn 5 Jun Jn 6 Jun Jn 7 Jun Jn 8

7 A soil nemtode community Aporcelimelluspredtor; 1.9 mm Rhditide; cterivore Cephloidecterivore;.5 mm.1mm Aphlenchoidesfungivore;.3mm 1 1 Totl nemtodes Totl responded Nemtodes more to N thn to C dditions. CKN OFC Nemtodes 1 cc -1 1 Jn 5 Jul Jn 6 Jul Jn 7 Jul Jn Nemtode ecologicl indices Enrichment Index Mturity Index 1 2. Enrichment Index 95 9 Mturity Index SU 6-SU 7-SU 1. 5-SU 6-SU 7-SU CKN OFC

8 Summry Amendment hd significnt effects on ulk density, infiltrtion, dehydrogense, nemtodes, nd orgnic C Nemtodes more numerous following roiler litter (low C), ut more diverse following compost (high C) Cover crop hs hd rottionl effects; other effects re still evolving.