I Planted a Cover Crop Now Where s My Nitrogen?

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1 24/5/212 Soil Chrcteristics I Plnted Cover Crop Now Where s My Nitrogen? Lur L. Vn Eerd Univ. of Guelph, Ridgetown Cmpus ph x63644 lvneerd@ridgetownc.uoguelph.c ph 6.6 Soil texture Sndy lom 62:22:16 % OM 3.8 CEC (MEQ/1g) 11.5 P (ppm) 34 K (ppm) 188 C (ppm) 1719 Mg (ppm) 15 Rottions Fll-seeded cover crops Tril #1 Cover crops Sweet corn Cover crops Whet Cover crops Tomtoes Tril #2 Cover crops Cucumers Cover crops Cucumers 1) No cover crop 2) Ots 72 l/c 3) Fll rye 6 4) rdish 14 5) Rye + oilseed rdish ) Forge pe 125 7) Hiry vetch

2 24/5/212 Fll N uptke Spring Roundup - residue incorported Min crop N 1) no nitrogen pplied 2) Full N rte l/c tomtoes, sweet corn - 75 l/c cucumers Hrvest - Yield nd qulity - Nitrogen in plnt nd soil (-6cm) - Economics (seed costs, custom plnt + spry) Plnt ville nitrogen Plnt ville N Plnt vil le Nitrogen (l/c) A BC rdish Ots Fll rye rdish + fll rye C No cover crop le N (l/c) Plnt vil Rye Ot OSR+rye No cover OSR OSR+rye Rye No cover Ot Sweet corn hrvest Plnt ville N No Nitrogen Credit l/c Don t recommend lowering N rtes sed on cover crop If you wnt N credit plnt red clover No Cover +N Rye OSR Ot Pe Vetch No Cover No N No N No N No N No N No N Cucumer hrvest

3 24/5/212 Dve Vn Segrook 9 c vegetles (russels sprouts, pes, tomtoes, sugr eets) 8 c corn, soyens, whet 2 c cover crops plnted Red Clover: Cost-Benefits Seeding Rte (l./ac.) Expense Clover Seed, $1.45/l. $1.15 $11.6 $13.5 Spreding, $3./Ac. to $4./Ac. $3. $3. $3. Crop Insurnce, $3.7/Ac. for Stndrd Forge Seed (covers $4/c) $3.7 $3.7 $3.7 Totl Expenses : $16.85 $18.3 $19.75 Benefit Nitrogen Credit (l. N/Ac.) : UAN 28%: t $28/MT cost or $.45/l. N $13.5 $18. $22.5 t $41/MT cost or $.66/l. N $19.8 $26.4 $33. Ure : t $46/MT cost or $.45/l. N $13.5 $18. $22.5 t $62/MT cost or $.61/l. N $18.3 $24.4 $3.5 Benefit per cre (lowest) : $13.5 $18. $22.5 Benefit per cre (highest) : $19.8 $26.4 $33. ** Likely: 4 l. N credit: $ $18.3 = $4. svings/ac. Long term reserch plots Dr. Bill Deen University of Guelph Red clover effects on N credit, yield nd profit of conventionl-till corn 1 Dr. Bill Deen University of Guelph Corn Price 2 N Cost Cover crop MERN 3 N credit Profit 5 $ u $ / c kg N h -1 $ h -1 No-Red clover Red clover 79 57#/c 1382 No-Red clover Red clover 74 49#/c 889 No-Red clover Red clover 74 49#/c No-Red clover Red clover 63 39#/c Anlysis conducted using 19 pired comprison of red clover-no-red clover 2 Corn price fter drying, hndling nd mrketing 3 Mximum economic rte of nitrogen clculted using qudrtic function -1 5 Profit sed on nitrogen rte nd corn yield t MERN nd clover estlishment cost of $4 h Red Clover LSD=27.99 LSD=28.99 Actul Actul Reltive Reltive Nitrte Ammonium Nitrte Ammonium No Cover Why is there N credit? Red Clover Fll Spring June/July Red Clover-Fll Control Impct of cover crops on soil nitrte. Serrn, Red Clover-Spring Control Rdish Perennil Ryegrss Ots /9/3 6/1/3 23/1/314/11/314/11/3 12/4/4 26/4/4 1/5/4 26/5/4 9/6/4 21/6/4 19/7/4 1/9/4 29/11/

4 24/5/212 Red clover effects on N credit, yield nd profit of conventionl-till corn 1 Dr. Bill Deen University of Guelph Corn Price 2 N Cost Cover crop MERN 3 MEY 4 Profit 5 $ u $ / c kg N h -1 kg h -1 $ h -1 No-Red clover Red clover Increse ** 5 #N/c 4.5-7% No-Red clover profit 823 of increse Red clover $ to Difference ** in yield ** ** No-Red clover $48/ 1234c Red clover ** No-Red clover Red clover ** 1 Anlysis conducted using 19 pired comprison of red clover-no-red clover 2 Corn price fter drying, hndling nd mrketing 3 Mximum economic rte of nitrogen clculted using qudrtic function 4 Mximum economic yield t MERN -1 5 Profit sed on nitrogen rte nd corn yield t MERN nd clover estlishment cost of $4 h Wht out other cover crops? OSR+Rye No Cover Rye Ot L.L. Vn Eerd. 21. Ridgetown Cmpus University of Guelph Processing Tomto Yield Economics Sweet Corn -27 Mrket le yield (t/c) A rdish fll rye B Ot No cover crop Fll rye profit mrgins ($/h) 2,5 2, 1,5 1, 5 c cd de e Ots + N Rye + N rye + N No cover crop + N Ots + N rye + N No cover crop + N Rye + N cover crop Economics Sweet Corn - 28 Economics Sweet Corn -29 ns ($/h) profit mrgin 7, 6, 5, 4 4, 3, 2, 1, Rye + N N N rye + N c rye + N c c cd cd No cover Ots + N Rye + N No cover Ots + N crop + N crop + N cover crop d t mrgins $/h profi Rye + N N N rye + N Ots + N Rye + N No cover rye + N crop + N cover crop Ots + N No cover crop + N 4

5 24/5/212 Cover crops cucumers Cover crops Pro fit? / c in c o m e $ / No Cover + 8 l N/c c c OSR + N Vetch + N Ots + N Pes + N No Cover + N Rye + N Red clover Mkes economic sense (Profit $28 -$48/c) 6 l/c N credit Slight yield oosts 4.5-7% Other Cover crops Seeing slight yield oosts WHY? Soil orgnic mtter -? Soil helth, soil iot -? Cover Crop Workshop Midwest Cover Crop Council Fe.28 Mr London, ON Lur L. Vn Eerd Anne Verhllen Univ.of Guelph, Ridgetown Cmpus OMAFRA, Ridgetown ph x63644 ph lvneerd@ridgetownc.uoguelph.c nne.verhllen@ontrio.c Cover Crop Funding Prtners Acknowledgements Grower Orgniztions Ontrio Tomto Reserch Institute Seed Corn Growers of Ontrio Ontrio Processing Vegetle Growers Fresh Vegetle Growers of Ontrio OMAFRA Ontrio Ministry of Agriculture, Food +Rurl Affirs UoG Environmentl Sustinility COA OMAFRA Gret Lkes Progrm New Directions OSCIA Nutrient Mngement BMP Demonstrtion Grnt AAFC Agriculturl Adpttion Council CORD IV progrm Grower Coopertors Technicins: Mike Zink Jessic Turnull Grdute Students: Kelsey O Reilly Lindsey Crtier Lnce Ouellette Summer students L.L. Vn Eerd Ridgetown Cmpus University of Guelph 5

6 24/5/212 Thnk You Lur L. Vn Eerd x