CROP FOLIAR FUNGICIDES PROVIDE VALUE MANAGER. CROWN RUST IN OAT Reduces oat yields and milling quality PG 10

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1 T OP CROP FUNGICIDE GUIDE APRIL 2016 topcropmanager.com MANAGER FOLIAR FUNGICIDES PROVIDE VALUE Field-scale evaluations provide insight PG 3 CROWN RUST IN OAT Reduces oat yields and milling quality PG 10 WESTfungicide2016_KFS.indd :49 PM

2 You need something more than seed genetics alone to protect your canola from blackleg. With tightened canola rotations and sole reliance on R-rated genetics for control, blackleg is on the rise across Western Canada. Your best defence is an integrated approach that includes Priaxor fungicide. Tank mixed with your in-crop herbicide, Priaxor uses the unique mobility of Xemium and the proven benefits1 of AgCelence. Together they deliver more consistent and continuous control of blackleg and larger, healthier plants for increased yield potential2. For more information, visit agsolutions.ca/priaxor or call AgSolutions Customer Care at BASF (2273). AgCelence benefits refer to products that contain the active ingredient pyraclostrobin. 2All comparisons are to untreated unless otherwise stated. 1 Always read and follow label directions. AgSolutions is a registered trade-mark of BASF Corporation; AgCelence, PRIAXOR, and XEMIUM are registered trade-marks of BASF SE; all used with permission by BASF Canada Inc. PRIAXOR fungicide should be used in a preventative disease control program BASF Canada Inc. Fungicide_April_Priaxor.indd 1 2 WESTfungicide2016_KFS.indd :49 1:38 PM

3 03 1:38 PM RESEARCH KNOW. GROW. APRIL 2016 TOP CROP MANAGER WEST Fungicide Guide 2016 RESEARCH Foliar fungicides may provide value by Bruce Barker PHOTO BY BRUCE BARKER Crown rust in oat by Donna Fleury FUNGICIDE CHARTS CEREALS 8 OILSEEDS 8 PULSES 12 POTATOES 12 SPECIALTY CROPS ON THE COVER Crown rust in oat. Photo courtesy of Randy Kutcher, U of S. Top Crop Manager thanks BASF for sponsoring this year s Fungicide Guide. T OP CROP MANAGER Published as part of Top Crop Manager, APRIL 2016, by Annex Business Media PO Box 530, 105 Donly Drive South, Simcoe, ON N3Y 4N5 Canada Tel: (519) Fax: (519) Editor: Janet Kanters Western Field Editor: Bruce Barker Western National Account Manager: Michelle Allison Group Publisher: Diane Kleer Canada s original technical crop production magazine, The Western edition of Top Crop Manager, is published nine times a year. To be sure of your copies, either mail, fax or your name and full postal address to Top Crop Manager, or subscribe at: There is no charge for qualified readers. FOLIAR FUNGICIDES MAY PROVIDE VALUE Field-scale foliar fungicide evaluations provide insight. by Bruce Barker D iseases in field crops often run the range of the good, the bad and the ugly, depending on year, location and environment. For some growers in 2015, dry weather hampered disease and yield, but others in areas where conditions were more favourable for disease development did observe crop diseases. While fungicide performance has been proven in small plots, a field-scale evaluation of foliar fungicides at Indian Head, Sask., provides valuable information on how fungicides perform over larger acreages. According to Chris Holzapfel, research manager with the Indian Head Agricultural Research Foundation (IHARF), at Indian Head, many producers do not routinely use fungicides and are not confident in making the decision of whether or not to invest in this technology. Since 2004, IHARF has been conducting field-scale evaluations on a variety of fungicide products and crops, Holzapfel says. The trials give us some idea of the value of the fungicide treatments. The field-scale trails were replicated a minimum of three times throughout the field with fungicide products applied using a high clearance sprayer with an 80-foot boom. Holzapfel says because the evaluations were completed over a number of years and a wide range of weather and crop conditions, they provide a good assessment of long-term probability and average yield increases. The evaluations were conducted on land that IHARF manages: either land owned by the foundation, land not being used by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) at Indian Head or rental land from local producers. These trials are supported by IHARF, AAFC and the Agricultural Demonstration of Practices and Technologies (ADOPT) initiative under the Canada-Saskatchewan Growing Forward bi-lateral agreement, with in-kind support provided by DuPont, BASF, Bayer CropScience, Dow AgroSciences and Syngenta. In the trials, Holzapfel says spring wheat and canola tended to be the least responsive to fungicide, with significant yield increases detected only 33 per cent of the time and mean yield increases of only 4.3 to 4.4 per cent over the long-term. Field pea responded slightly ABOVE: SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (WEST) - APRIL 2016 WESTfungicide2016_KFS.indd 3 Field-scale evaluations highlight the need to use disease forecasting tools :49 PM

4 Table 1. Field scale evaluation of foliar fungicides # of years Response frequency (%) Check yield (bu/ac) Treated yield (bu/ac) Spring wheat Barley Oat Canaryseed Field pea Crop type Canola Source: Agri-ARM Dec Yield increase (%) more often. Barley and oat responded at least one-half of the time in the trials, while canaryseed responded every year. The frequency of response is really related to weather and yield potential over the years, he notes. The trials give us a look at the magnitude and how often we can expect a fungicide response. They ve been going on long enough to start to piece together a better picture. Wheat yield response one-third of the time Since 2004, a total of six trials evaluated the effects of fungicide application at the flag-leaf stage on hard red spring wheat. The products evaluated over the years varied but included Stratego 250 EC (propiconazole + trifloxystrobin), Headline EC (pyraclostrobin), Tilt 250E, Quilt (azoxystrobin + propiconazole) and Twinline (pyraclostrobin + metconazole). With varying environmental conditions over the years, yields of the untreated check ranged from 43.6 to 80.9 bushels per acre. Averaged across all six years and all products, the average spring wheat yield increase with flag-leaf fungicide application was 2.4 bushels per acre, or 4.4 per cent. In the specific years where a significant yield response was detected, yield increases ranged from four to nine per cent. More recent small plot and field-scale work with spring wheat has focused on later applications to target Fusarium head blight. Canola responsive one-third of the time Canola trials ran from 2007 through 2013, with no trials in 2010 due to excess precipitation and variable crop conditions. Six trials focused exclusively on treatments targeting sclerotinia stem rot (applied at the 20 to 50 per cent bloom stage). In 2011, 2012 and 2013, additional trials evaluated Headline applied at either the four- to six-leaf stage for blackleg control, and at 20 to 50 per cent bloom for alternaria blackspot control. The sclerotinia products evaluated were Lance WDG (boscalid), Proline 480 SC (prothioconazole), Rovral-Flo (iprodione), Astound (cyprodinil + fludioxonil) and Vertisan (penthiopryad). Holzapfel says significant responses were detected in two of the six years, in 2008 and again in Averaged across products and years, fungicide applications targeting sclerotinia have resulted in a four per cent average yield increase. However, in 2012, sclerotinia pressure was very high and responses of nearly 30 per cent were detected in both field-scale trials and also in small plot demonstrations located nearby. Trials in 2014 did not detect a significant yield response in canola. Foliar fungicide application (left) resulted in noticeably less lodging in canaryseed. PHOTO COURTESY OF CHRIS HOLZAPFEL. Malt barley responded >50 per cent of the time Barley responded with significant overall yield increases detected in five of seven trials and in three of five years from 2006 to The products included those used in wheat, and also Acapela (picoxystrobin). In 2014, a significant yield increase of 18 per cent was also observed. Averaged across years and products, not including the 2014 trial, annual fungicide application at the flag-leaf stage resulted in an average yield increase of 11 per cent. In the field trials where significant yield responses were detected (2006, 2012, 2013 and 2014), the observed yield increases ranged from five to 30 per cent. Oat responded one-half of the time Seven field-scale fungicide trials with oat have been completed over five separate growing seasons since 2007, with two separate oat trials in 2011 and 2012 due to space limitations in individual fields. Significant yield increases were observed 50 per cent of the time in 2011 (one of two trials), 2012 (two of two trials) and Fungicides used over the years included Stratego, Tilt, Headline, Carumba and Twinline. The overall average yield increase associated with annual fungicide application was 5.9 per cent, or 8.6 bushels per acre. In the specific trials where responses were detected, the increases ranged from six to 19 per cent. There were no cases where significant yield differences amongst individual fungicide products were detected for milling oat. Fungicide effects on oat quality were assessed in 2010 and in both trials completed in Test weights were generally increased with fungicide application but the increase was not CONTINUED ON PAGE 10 4 WESTfungicide2016_KFS.indd 4 SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (WEST) - APRIL :49 PM Fungicide

5 More flowers on the plant. More seeds in the pod. More bushels in the bin. 1 Sclerotinia is on the rise in Western Canada due to wetter conditions and tightening host-crop rotations. Fortunately Lance AG, a new premium fungicide, offers enhanced performance with two active ingredients to control sclerotinia and other late season diseases. It s also the first fungicide to deliver the proven benefits2 of AgCelence during the critical flowering stage in canola for better management of minor stress.1 The result is more consistent and increased yield potential.1 For more information, visit agsolutions.ca/lanceag or contact AgSolutions Customer Care at BASF (2273). All comparisons are to untreated unless otherwise stated. 2AgCelence benefits refer to products that contain the active ingredient pyraclostrobin. 1 Always read and follow label directions. AgSolutions is a registered trade-mark of BASF Corporation; AgCelence, and LANCE are registered trade-marks of BASF SE; all used with permission by BASF Canada Inc. LANCE AG fungicide should be used in a preventative disease control program BASF Canada Inc. Fungicide_April_Lance.indd 1 5 WESTfungicide2016_KFS.indd :49 1:48 PM

6 FUNGICIDES 2016 FUNGICIDE CEREALS ACAPELA (picoxystrobin) BLANKET (azoxystrobin, propiconazole) BRAVO ZN (chlorothalonil) BUMPER 418EC CARAMBA (metconazole) DITHANE DG RAINSHIELD ECHO 72 (chlorothalonil) EVITO (fluoxastrobin) FOLICUR EW (tebuconazole) FUSE (tebuconazole) FUNGICIDE GROUP 11 3,11 M 3 3 M M RESISTANCE RISK High Med Low Med Med Low Low High Med Med WHEAT Fusarium Head Blight S S S S S Powdery Mildew Leaf Rust Stem Rust Stripe Rust Septoria Glume Blotch Septoria Leaf Spot Spot Blotch S Tan Spot BARLEY Fusarium Head Blight S Net Blotch Powdery Mildew Barley Leaf Rust Stem Rust Stripe Rust Scald Septoria Leaf Spot Spot Blotch S OAT Crown Rust Septoria Leaf Spot Stem Rust RYE Powdery Mildew Leaf Rust Scald CORN Gray Leaf Spot Leaf Blight and Eye Spot Common Rust NOTES: Fungicide effective against the disease S Suppression only 6 SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (WEST) - APRIL 2016

7 FUNGICIDES 2016 FUNGICIDE HEADLINE EC (pyraclostrobin) MANZATE PRODUCTS NUFARM PROPICONAZOLE PALLISER (tebuconazole) PENNCOZEB 75 DF PIVOT 418 EC PRIAXOR (fluxapyroxad, pyraclostrobin) PROLINE 480 SC (prothioconazole) PROPEL PROSARO 250 EC (tebuconazole, prothioconazole) QUADRIS (azoxystrobin) QUILT (azoxystrobin, propiconazole) TILT 250E TOPNOTCH (azoxystrobin, propiconazole) TWINLINE (metconazole, pyraclostrobin) VERTISAN (penthiopyrad) 11 M 3 3 M 3 7, ,3 11 3,11 3 3,11 3,11 7 High Low Med Med Low Med Med Med Med Med High Med Med Med Med Med S S S S S S S S S S S SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (WEST) - APRIL

8 FUNGICIDES 2016 OILSEEDS & PULSES ACAPELA (picoxystrobin) ALLEGRO 500F (fluazinam) ASTOUND (cyprodinil, fludioxonil) BRAVO 500 (chlorothalonil) BUMPER 418EC CARAMBA (metconazole) CONTANS - (bio-fungicide) (Coniothyrium minitans strain) COPPER 53W (copper sulphate) DELARO (prothioconazole, trifloxystrobin) DITHANE DG RAINSHIELD ECHO 720 (chlorothalonil) ELATUS (azoxystrobin, benzovindiflupyr) EVITO (fluoxastrobin) EXEMPLA (azoxystrobin, difenoconazole) FOLICUR EW (tebuconazole) HEADLINE EC (pyraclostrobin) KOCIDE 2000 (copper hydroxide) FUNGICIDE GROUP ,12 M 3 3 N/A M 3,11 M M 7, , M RESISTANCE RISK High Low Med Low Med Med N/A Low Med Low Low Med High Med Med High Low OILSEEDS CANOLA Alternaria Black Spot Blackleg Sclerotinia White Mould FLAX Pasmo RAPESEED, ORIENTAL MUSTARD Sclerotinia White Mould SOYBEAN Asian Soybean Rust Anthracnose PULSES Frogeye/Cercospora Leaf Spot S Powdery Mildew Sclerotinia White Mould S S S BEAN Anthracnose Asian Soybean Rust Bacterial Blight Botrytis Gray Mould Downy Mildew Powdery Mildew Uromyces (Rust) Sclerotinia White Mould S CHICKPEA Ascochyta Blight Asian Soybean Rust Botrytis Gray Mould Sclerotinia White Mould S FABABEAN Ascochyta Blight Asian Soybean Rust Powdery Mildew Sclerotinia White Mould LENTIL Anthracnose Ascochyta Blight Asian Soybean Rust Botrytis Gray Mould Sclerotinia White Mould S FIELD PEA Ascochyta Blight Asian Soybean Rust Botrytis Gray Mould Mycosphaerella Blight Powdery Mildew Sclerotinia White Mould S NOTES: Fungicide effective against the disease S Suppression only 8 SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (WEST) - APRIL 2016

9 FUNGICIDES 2016 KUMULUS DF (sulphur) LANCE (boscalid) LANCE AG (boscalid, pyraclostrobin) MANZATE PRODUCTS NUFARM PROPICONAZOLE 418EC OVERALL 240 SC (iprodione) PARASOL PRODUCTS (copper hydroxide) PENNCOZEB 75 DF PIVOT 418 EC PRIAXOR (fluxapyroxad, pyraclostrobin) PRIAXOR DS (fluxapyroxad, pyraclostrobin) PROLINE (prothioconazole) PROPEL PROPULSE (prothioconazole + fluopyram) QUADRIS (azoxystrobin) QUASH (metconazole) QUILT (azoxystrobin, propiconazole) ROVRAL FLO/ROVRAL RX (iprodione) SENATOR 70WP (thiophanate-methyl) SERENADE CPB - (bio-fungicide) (Bacillus subtilis - QST 713 strain) STRATEGO (propiconazole, trifloxystrobin) TILT 250E VERTISAN (penthiopyrad) M 7 7,11 M 3 2 M M 3 7,11 7, , , , Low Med Med Low Med Med- High Low Low Med Med Med Med Med Med High Med Med Med- High High Low Med Med Med S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (WEST) - APRIL

10 CEREALS CROWN RUST IN OAT Crown rust in Saskatchewan oat crops can reduce yield, quality. by Donna Fleury F or oat growers in Saskatchewan, crown rust and diseases such as the leaf spots can reduce oat yields and milling quality. Researchers have confirmed trends and some management considerations for growers. The final results of a threeyear project under variable growing conditions, ranging from above average moisture to below average moisture, indicates similar trends. In 2013 and 2014, researchers conducted oat disease surveys in Saskatchewan and field experiments comparing three oat varieties and three fungicide treatments at Saskatoon and Melfort. We extended the field experiments in 2015, which gave us six site years of data to compare against the preliminary trends and results, Randy Kutcher, associate professor, cereal and flax pathology, University of Saskatchewan, says. Although severity levels of crown rust disease in 2013 and 2014 were much higher than in 2015, we did see similar results and trends. Disease surveys starting in 2012 confirmed that crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata, was the primary pathogen present in areas along the South Saskatchewan River and in a radius of about 30 miles around Saskatoon. At Melfort, crown rust was not observed in the disease surveys. The surveys also confirmed leaf spot severity was low in Saskatoon, and low to moderate in Melfort. As with many diseases, crown rust severity was substantially lower in 2015 due to drier conditions. In the field experiments at Saskatoon and Melfort over three years, researchers compared three oat varieties with varying levels of resistance to crown rust with three fungicides. The oat varieties included AC Morgan (crown rust susceptible), CDC Dancer (intermediate) and CDC Morrison (resistant); the three fungicide treatments included check (unsprayed), propiconazole and pyraclostrobin (Headline). The plots were inoculated with crown rust for the trials. In 2013, the average severity on the crown rust susceptible cultivar AC Morgan (unsprayed check) was 93 per cent (damage to 93 per cent of the flag leaf at the soft dough stage of CONTINUED FROM PAGE 4 Significant yield increases with fungicide were detected 38 per cent of the time. Holzapfel says while frequently not significant, there was an overall tendency for higher yields with fungicide in field pea and, averaged across all eight years, annual fungicide application resulted in a 5.1 bushels per acre, or 12 per cent, yield increase at Indian Head. Annual yield increases with fungicide ranged from two to 12 bushels per acre, or from four to 33 per cent, while in the responsive years, the increases ranged from 13 to 33 per cent. He also says visible reductions in lodging and easier, faster straight combining (or swathing) were observed with fungicide in most years with field peas. significant in all cases. Effects on seed size were not significant. The percentage of plump kernels tended to increase with fungicide application, although this effect was not always significant. Canaryseed responded every year Holzapfel says that, overall, canaryseed responded remarkably well to fungicide applications. While IHARF has evaluated other potential fungicide options for this crop, Tilt remains the only registered product for canaryseed. The other fungicides tested have not been reported. Significant yield increases were observed over the six years of trials from 2008 to Canaryseed yields were significantly increased with fungicide application 100 per cent of the time in these trials, with an average overall yield increase of 23 per cent, or 7.2 bushels per acre. Within individual years, this response has ranged from as low as four per cent to as high as 67 per cent, or from two to 11 bushels per acre. In 2014, canaryseed treated with Twinline produced a 23 per cent higher yield. In several cases, most notably in 2009, Holzapfel says: Fungicide application also resulted in a substantial reduction in lodging and, in addition to the observed yield benefit, made harvesting the crop quicker and easier. Field pea responded 38 per cent of the time IHARF has completed eight field pea trials from 2004 through Headline was the most frequently tested fungicide, but recent field trials also included Acapela, Headline DUO (boscalid + pyraclostrobin) and Priaxor DS (fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin). 10 WESTfungicide2016_KFS.indd 10 CONTINUED ON PAGE 14 Spray based on disease forecasting Holzapfel says field-scale evaluations conducted over a large number of years provide good insight and validation of when foliar fungicides should be applied. Aside from canaryseed, which provided a significant response every year (although Holzapfel says that isn t a realistic expectation), he says significant yield responses occurred when disease was present at a high enough level to cause crop damage. As a result, Holzapfel says growers should use disease forecasting tools to guide fungicide application. To maximize returns on investment, fungicides should ideally only be applied to most crops when there is sufficient disease pressure and a reasonably high likelihood of response. For more on crop research, visit topcropmanager.com. SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (WEST) - APRIL :49 PM Fungicide

11 The majority of yield potential is determined at flag-leaf. This is no time to compromise. Because up to 65% of the crop s yield potential is determined at flag-leaf1, disease control is critical at this stage. Twinline fungicide doesn t stop there. Unlike other fungicides, in addition to exceptional disease control, it delivers the unique benefits2 of AgCelence. In short that means greener, larger leaves and stronger stems, resulting in higher yield potential3. So it s no wonder Twinline is ranked the #1 leaf disease fungicide by growers4. Check it out for yourself at agsolutions.ca/twinline or call AgSolutions Customer Care at BASF (2273). HGCA Wheat disease management guide hgca.com, AgCelence benefits refer to products that contain the active ingredient pyraclostrobin. All comparisons are to untreated, unless otherwise stated. 4 Stratus, Always read and follow label directions. AgSolutions is a registered trade-mark of BASF Corporation; AgCelence, and TWINLINE are registered trade-marks of BASF SE; all used with permission by BASF Canada Inc. TWINLINE fungicide should be used in a preventative disease control program BASF Canada Inc. Fungicide_April_Twinline.indd 111 WESTfungicide2016_KFS.indd :49 1:41 PM

12 FUNGICIDES 2016 POTATOES FUNGICIDE GROUP ACTIVE INGREDIENT RESISTANCE RISK Acrobat WP 40 dimethomorph Low - Medium Allegro 500F 29 fluazinam Low Bravo ZN M chlorothalonil Low Cabrio Plus 11, M2 pyraclostrobin, metiram Medium Cantus 7 boscalid Medium Contans (bio-fungicide) n/c Coniothyrium minitans strain Unknown Copper 53W M copper sulphate Low Copper Spray M copper oxychloride Low Curzate 60 DF 27, M3 cymoxanil Low - Medium Dithane DG Rainshield M mancozeb Low Echo 720/90DF M chlorothalonil Low Evito 11 fluoxastrobin High Gavel 75 DF 22, M3 mancozeb, zoxamide Low - Medium Headline EC 11 pyraclostrobin High Kocide 2000 M copper hydroxide Low Lance 7 boscalid Medium Luna Tranquility 7,9 fluopyram, pyrimethanil Medium Manzate Products - 200, 75DF, Pro-stick M mancozeb Low Orondis Ultra 40, U15 mandipropamid, oxathiapiprolin Low-Medium Parasol Products - DP, WP, Flowable, WG M copper hydroxide Low Penncozeb 75DF Raincoat M mancozeb Low Polyram DF M metiram Low Presidio 43 fluopicolide n/c Quadris 11 azoxystrobin High Quadris Top 11, 3 azoxystrobin, difenoconazole Medium Quash 3 metconazole Medium Ranman 400 SC 21 cyazofamid Medium - High Reason 500SC 11 fenamidone High Revus 40 mandipropamid Low - Medium Ridomil Gold / Bravo, Ridomil Gold SL / Bravo 4,M chlorothalonil, metalaxyl-m Low Ridomil Gold 480EC, Ridomil Gold 480SL 4 metalaxyl-m High Ridomil Gold MZ 68WP/WG 4,M metalaxyl, mancozeb Low Scala SC 9 pyrimethanil Medium Serenade SOIL (bio-fungicide) 44 Bacillus subtilis (QST 713 strain) Low Serenade MAX (bio-fungicide) 44 Bacillus subtilis (QST 713 strain) Low Tanos 50 DF 11, 27 famoxadone, cymoxanil High Tattoo C 28, M propamocarb HCl, chlorothalonil Low - Medium Vertisan 7 penthiopyrad Medium Zampro 40, 45 ametoctradin, dimethomorph Low NOTES: Fungicide effective against the disease a Must not be used alone, only as a tank mix b In-furrow treatment (suppression only) c Suppression only SPECIALTY CROPS BUMPER 418EC DITHANE DG RAINSHIELD HEADLINE EC (pyraclostrobin) FUNGICIDE LANCE (boscalid) LANCE AG (boscalid, pyraclostrobin) MANZATE PRODUCTS NUFARM PROPICONAZOLE 418EC FUNGICIDE GROUP 3 M ,11 M 3 RESISTANCE RISK Med Low High Med Med Low Med ALFALFA (GROWN FOR SEED) Blossom Blight Common Leaf Spot Spring Black Stem & Leaf Spot Sclerotinia CANARY SEED Septoria Leaf Mottle S S CORIANDER Blossom Blight GRASSES (GROWN FOR SEED) Leaf Rust & Stem Rust Powdery Mildew TIMOTHY Purple Eye Spot NOTES: Fungicide effective against the disease S Suppression only 12 SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (WEST) - APRIL 2016

13 BOTRYTIS GRAY MOULD / BOTRYTIS VINE ROT EARLY BLIGHT LATE BLIGHT LATE BLIGHT TUBER ROT DISEASES PYTHIUM LEAK FUNGICIDES 2016 PINK ROT RHIZOCTONIA CANKER, BLACK SCURF SILVER SCURF WHITE MOULD / SCLEROTINIA ROT a a a c b b d a d b b c d c c b c c c c c c d d c c d May be beneficial to tank mix with protectant to control Group 11 (strobilurin)-insensitive strains n/c Not classified OVERALL 240 SC (iprodione) PENNCOZEB 75 DF PIVOT 418 EC PRIAXOR (fluxapyroxad, pyraclostrobin) FUNGICIDE PROPEL QUADRIS (azoxystrobin) ROVRAL FLO/ROVRAL RX (iprodione) TILT 250E 2 M 3 7, Med-High Low Med Med Med High Med-High Med S S S S SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (WEST) - APRIL

14 Crown rust in oat in Saskatoon. PHOTO COURTESY OF RANDY KUTCHER, U OF S. CONTINUED FROM PAGE 10 the crop), while in 2015 the average severity was only 16 per cent. The results in 2015 were consistent with the results in the previous two years and confirmed a similar trend, Kutcher notes. In all three years, both fungicides reduced the severity of crown rust and increased yield and quality of oat at Saskatoon for the susceptible variety [AC Morgan] and somewhat for the moderately susceptible variety [CDC Dancer]. The crown rust resistant variety [CDC Morrison] did not benefit from fungicide. At Melfort, both fungicides increased the yield of AC Morgan compared with the unsprayed check; however, yields of CDC Dancer and CDC Morrison were not increased with the use of either fungicide. Similar to the preliminary findings, researchers confirmed there was no impact of a fungicide application on beta-glucan content at either location. This was one of the more interesting findings, and the results were the same in both wet year conditions such as 2013 and dry year conditions in 2015, Kutcher explains. One of the other advantages, along with resistance to crown rust, is that the variety CDC Morrison also has at least 50 to 60 per cent higher beta-glucan than AC Morgan or other popular varieties. Our tests showed that beta-glucan levels of AC Morgan were four to 4.5 per cent, while CDC Morrison was seven per cent or higher. As the demand for higher beta-glucan levels increases, growers may want to consider a variety like CDC Morrison for other reasons as well as disease resistance. For growers in high crown rust areas such as around and to the north of Saskatoon, crown rust conditions are frequent and they must be prepared every year. Growers can select a resistant variety such as CDC Morrison, which is standing up very well to crown rust and generally doesn t require a fungicide application, Kutcher says. Although this variety may yield up to 10 per cent less in a year with no disease, yields can double [compared with 14 WESTfungicide2016_KFS.indd 14 AC Morgan] in a year with crown rust disease, without having to apply a fungicide. However, many growers continue to choose to grow AC Morgan, which is a high yielding variety, but is very susceptible to crown rust. Therefore, growers thinking of growing a variety that is not resistant to crown rust should keep a close eye out for the disease and be prepared to spray a fungicide if necessary. As part of good practice, growers should also rotate the fungicides they use to reduce the risk of potential resistance. If growers are spraying a fungicide on oat every year, don t rely on the same product every year, Kutcher adds. Try to alternate products from different groups, such as propiconazole and pyraclostrobin. The crown rust fungi can develop resistance to the pyraclostrobin group a bit easier than some of the other groups because it has a single site mode of action. Good practice for all fungicide and herbicide applications is to rotate products and groups to reduce the risk of pesticide resistance and extend the life of the good products available. This project is now complete, however researchers are continuing to work on screening lines for development into potential varieties with improved crown resistance. We started screening about 500 lines each year for the past couple of years, using material from the Plant Gene Resources of Canada, Kutcher adds. This is a longer term project and we will continue to select the most promising lines and work with oat breeder Aaron Beattie and others to bring new resistance to crown rust in oat varieties of the future. For more on cereal crops, visit topcropmanager.com. SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (WEST) - APRIL :49 PM Fungicide

15 A WHOLE SEASON OF WORK IS RIDING ON THIS MOMENT. NO PRESSURE. A lot of hard work, time and money go into growing cereals. So this is no time to take chances. Protect your investment with Caramba fungicide. It defends against profit-robbing leaf diseases and fusarium head blight (FHB) to help optimize grade and quality. So it should come as no surprise that Caramba is ranked the most preferred FHB fungicide by growers.1 Ensure your grain measures up when it counts by visiting agsolutions.ca/caramba or call AgSolutions Customer Care at BASF (2273). Source: Stratus, Always read and follow label directions. AgSolutions is a registered trade-mark of BASF Corporation; CARAMBA is a registered trade-mark of BASF Agro B.V.; all used with permission by BASF Canada Inc. CARAMBA fungicide should be used in a preventative disease control program BASF Canada Inc. Fungicide_April_Caramba.indd 115 WESTfungicide2016_KFS.indd :49 3:06 PM PM

16 Tested in the lab. Proven in the field. Trusted by thousands of Canadian growers. It s no wonder more and more growers are choosing AgCelence -branded products, including Lance AG, Priaxor and Twinline fungicides and Insure Cereal and Insure Pulse fungicide seed treatments. These products are the only ones proven to deliver exceptional disease control, increased growth efficiency and the ability to better manage minor stress.1 It all adds up to increased yield potential1 no matter what the season brings. That s why growers who trust products with AgCelence benefits2 don t just expect more, they get it. For more details, visit agsolutions.ca/agcelence or contact AgSolutions Customer Care at BASF (2273). All comparisons are to untreated unless otherwise stated. 2AgCelence benefits refer to products that contain the active ingredient pyraclostrobin. 1 Always read and follow label directions. AgSolutions is a registered trade-mark of BASF Corporation; AgCelence, INSURE, LANCE, PRIAXOR, and TWINLINE are registered trade-marks of BASF SE; all used with permission by BASF Canada Inc. INSURE CEREAL and/or INSURE PULSE fungicide seed treatments, and LANCE AG, PRIAXOR and/or TWINLINE fungicides should be used in a preventative disease control program BASF Canada Inc. Fungicide_April_AgCelence.indd 161 WESTfungicide2016_KFS.indd :49 1:44 PM