Insect Updates In-service. Scott Stewart WTREC, Jackson, TN University of Tennessee Extension

Transcription

1 Insect Updates In-service Scott Stewart WTREC, Jackson, TN University of Tennessee Extension

2 New Pests Invasives In-service, March Kudzu Bug Spreading quickly Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Slower progress from E to W Current distribution?

3 Be ready! Kudzu Bug Distribution November 1, 2012 Courtesy of Wayne Gardner (UGA)

4 Some New Thresholds TCAH in Soybean 2 TCAH per sweep once plants are > 12 tall Kudzu Bug in Soybean 1 immature or 2 adults per sweep Avoid spraying too early Bifenthrin is the best choice (Brigade, Fanfare, Sniper) Do not use cyfluthrin (Baythroid or Tombstone)

5 New Insecticides Transform - aphids and plant bugs in cotton Not in control guide but expect label for oz/acre (1.5 oz min. for TPB) Mayhem (= Diamond) for TPB in cotton Prevathon for caterpillar pests New labels on soybean (already in cotton and corn) Revised label in pasture to allow lower use rate Besiege = same AIs as Prevathon + Karate Currently labeled in cotton, corn and pasture Expect soybean label for 2013

6 Pre-mixed Insecticides All below are labeled in cotton Only some are labeled in other crops Trade Name (Insecticides) Use Rate/Acre Primary Target Pests Athena (bifenthrin, avermectin) oz Spider mites Besiege (chlorantraniliprole, λ-cyhalothrin) oz Most caterpillar pests, stink bugs Bidrin XP II (dicrotophos, bifenthrin) oz Plant bugs, stink bugs, bollworm Brigadier (imidacloprid, bifenthrin) oz Plant bugs, stink bugs, bollworm Cobalt Advanced (chlorpyrifos, γ- cyhalothrin) oz Plant bugs, stink bugs, bollworm Endigo ZC (thiamethoxam, λ-cyhalothrin) oz Plant bugs, stink bugs, bollworm Fyfanon Plus ULV (malathion, γ-cyhalothrin) oz Plant bugs, stink bugs, bollworm Hero (bifenthrin, Z-cypermethrin) oz Stink bugs, bollworm Leverage 360 (imidacloprid, β-cyfluthrin) oz Plant bugs, stink bugs, bollworm Stallion (chlorpyrifos, Z-cypermethrin) oz Plant bugs, stink bugs, bollworm

7 Number per 10 leaves Resistance - Test on Cotton Aphids Lake County, 2012 Heavy Rain about 6 h after application * * * Transform 0.8 oz Intruder 0.91 oz (acetamiprid) Carbine 1.92 oz Centric 1.6 oz (thiamethoxam) Belay 3 oz (clothianidin) * e e de bc ab a cd ab 4DAA Admire Pro 1.11 oz (imidacloprid) Dimethoate4E 12 oz Untreated

8 % Mortality Rainfastness Study (Field) - Summary of 2 Trials Keiser, AR (1 Simulated Rainfall, Mortality Read 4 Days After Infestation) Tarnished Plant Bug Mortality in Cage Assays Centric 2.5 oz Acephate 1 lb ai Bidrin 8 oz 2X-3X Hours After Insecticide Application Rainfall Occurred

9 Do Adjuvants Matter? Centric (1.25 oz/acre) Tarnished Plant Bugs per 10 Row Ft *

10 Insecticide Seed Treatments - Wheat Gaucho 600 Imidacloprid oz/cwt Cruiser 5 FS Thiamethoxam oz/cwt NipsIt Inside (5F) Clothianidin oz/cwt A. Catchot Typical rates are oz/cwt Use highest rates for Hessian fly control

11 Seed treatments can have lasting effects but Stewart, Lentz & Steckel (UT) Aphid per 3 Row Ft ( ) Aphids per 3 Row Ft ( ) December 5 March 6 December 12 February a Benefits of seed treatments persisted until spring b b b a b Seed treatments played out before December b c Planted Oct. 5 Planted Oct. 8

12 Yield Response of Wheat to Insecticide Tennessee, (almost all planted in Oct.) Mississippi (Catchot) Gaucho treated seed P = 0.07 P < 0.05 P < 0.05 Foliar application in February Seed treatment 2008 P = P < Bushels per Acre

13 Foliar Insecticide Options for Aphids Synthetic pyrethroids Baythroid XL, Declare, Mustang Max, Karate, Warrior or -cyhalothrin Pyrethroid labels do not include greenbug or list as suppression only Dimethoate 4E at 8-12 oz/acre Lannate LV at oz/acre Methyl parathion 4E at 8-24 oz/acre

14 Control with Foliar Insecticides Stewart and Steckel (UT), 2012 Aphids per 3 Row Ft a 15.8 Untreated Karate 1.5 oz Applied Feb. 9, Rated 18 DAT > 95% Bird cherry-oat aphids b b b b M. Max 3 oz Dimeth. 4E 10 oz P < 0.05 Lannate LV 16 oz

15 Aphid/BYDV Management in TN BYDV management intentions a priori Consider yield potential and wheat prices Destroy volunteer wheat (do not keep it!) Early plantings at greater risk to aphids and Hessian fly Use Hessian fly resistant varieties Seed treatments alone may leave a little yield in the field Foliar insecticide applications offer some flexibility Early Planted seed treatment or foliar application approximately 30 DAP or threshold of 1 aphid per foot And/or application in late winter foliar application??? Later Planted - application in late winter (Jan. early Feb.) Too late if aphid populations exceed 8 (???) per foot

16 Corn Borers The primary target of Bt corn Southwestern corn borer European corn borer SWCB The second generations are typically the most destructive Because it is larger and affects more acres ECB

17 Treating non-bt corn in the presence of high corn borer populations (Henry Co.) Yield (B/A) in 2010 Yield (B/A) in

18 SWCB Pheromone Trapping Moths/Trap/Week (Tennessee, 2012) Henry (Puryear) Henry (Mansfield) Henry (Henry) State Average 1289 Action Threshold 0 6-May 16-May 26-May 5-Jun 15-Jun 25-Jun 5-Jul 15-Jul

19 Traits of Selected Bt Corn Products Description Bt Caterpillar Traits Bt Rootworm Traits Agrisure CB/LL Cry 1AB (Bt11) None Agrisure 3000GT Cry 1AB (Bt11) Cry 3A (modified) Herculex I (HX1) Cry 1F (HX1) None Herculex XTRA (HXX) Cry 1F (HX1) Cry 34/35Ab1 YieldGard Corn Borer (YGCB) Cry 1AB (YGCB) None YieldGard VT Triple (VT3) Cry 1AB (YGCB) Cry 3Bb1 Genuity VT Triple Pro (GENVT3P) Cry 1A Cry2Ab2 Cry 3Bb1 Genuity VT Double Pro (GENVT2P) Cry 1A Cry2Ab2 None Genuity or Dow AgroSciences SmartStax (GENSS or SSX) Cry 1A Cry2Ab2 + Cry 1F (HX1) Cry 3Bb1 + Cry 34/35Ab1 Agrisure Viptera 3110 Cry 1Ab (Bt11) + VIP3A (MIR162) None Agrisure Viptera 3111 Cry 1Ab (Bt11) + VIP3A (MIR162) Cry 3A (modified) Agrisure Viptera 3220 Cry 1Ab (Bt11) + Cry1F (HX1) + VIP3A None Optimum Intrasect / Optimum AcreMax Cry 1Ab (YGCB) + Cry 1F (HX1) None Optimum AcreMax Xtra Cry 1Ab (YGCB) + Cry 1F (HX1) Cry 34/35Ab1 Optimum AcreMax XTreme Cry 1Ab (YGCB) + Cry1F (HX1) Cry 3A + Cry 34/35Ab1

20 Confirmed Resistance to Bt Traits Fall armyworm to Cry 1F Herculex or Herculex Xtra Component of SmartStax, Optimum Intrasect and Optimum AcreMax products Western corn rootworm to Cry3 Bb1 VT3 and VT3P Component of SmartStax Rotate fields to non-corn crops, rotate Bt rootworm traits, use at-planting insecticide and don t use Bt rootworm traits if they are not needed

21 Corn Earworm The most common ear feeding caterpillar

22 Approximate Reduction in Kernel Damage Compared with Non-Bt Corn (Summarized Across Multiple University Trials, Corn Earworm) Bt Traits Herculex and HXX YieldGard, VT3, Optimum VT2Pro, VT3P, SmartStax Range of Reduction (%) Average Reduction (%) < Viptera

23 Relative Efficacy and Refuge Requirements of Bt Corn Products Traits / Brands Corn borers Cutworm Corn earworm Fall armyworm Western corn rootworm Agrisure CB/LL * Excellent Poor Fair Fair None Agrisure 3000GT * Excellent Poor Fair Fair Good Herculex I (HX1) * Excellent Good Poor Good None Herculex XTRA (HXX) * Excellent Good Poor Good Excellent YieldGard Corn Borer (YGCB) * Excellent Poor Fair Fair None YieldGard VT Triple (VT3) * Excellent Poor Fair Fair Excellent Genuity VT Triple Pro (GENVT3P) ** Excellent Poor Good Very Good Excellent Genuity VT Double Pro (GENVT2P) *** Excellent Poor Good Very Good None Genuity or Dow AgroSciences SmartStax (GENSS or SSX) *** Excellent Good Good Very Good Excellent Agrisure Viptera 3110 ** Excellent Good Excellent Excellent None Agrisure Viptera 3111 ** Excellent Good Excellent Excellent Good Optimum Intrasect *** Excellent Good Fair Very Good None Genuity VT Double Pro RIB (GENVT2P RIB) **** Excellent Poor Good Very Good None Genuity or Dow AgroSciences SmartStax RIB (GENSS RIB) **** Excellent Good Good Very Good Excellent Optimum AcreMax / Optimum AcreMax XTreme**** Excellent Good Fair Very Good None / Excell. Optimum AcreMax Xtra ***** Excellent Good Fair Very Good Excellent * 50% and 20% non-bt corn refuge requirement in cotton and corn areas, respectively. ** 20% refuge is required in cotton and corn areas. *** 20% and 5% refuge requirement in cotton and corn areas, respectively. **** 5% refuge in bag system in non-cotton areas (20% corn borer refuge is required in cotton growing areas). ***** 10% refuge in bag system in non-cotton areas (20% corn borer refuge is required in cotton growing areas).

24 Non-Bt Corn Refuge Requirements Cotton Counties 50% for the old technologies VT3, HX, HXX, CB, CBRW 20% for the new VT2P, VT3P, SmartStax, Viptera, Optimum Intrasect, Optimum AcreMax Corn Counties 20% for the old technologies 20, 10 or 5 % for the new Refuge in bag (RIB) system for some Cotton Counties: Carroll Chester Crockett Dyer Fayette Franklin Gibson Hardin Hardeman Haywood Lake Lauderdale Lincoln Madison Obion Rutherford Shelby Tipton Products with Bt rootworm traits require an in-field refuge

25 Refuge Requirements for New Bt Corns For Non-Cotton Growing Areas!!! 5% Refuge of Non-Bt Corn 2+ caterpillar traits, 0 rootworm traits VT2P, VT2P RIB, Optimum Intrasect, Optimum AcreMax (RIB), Agrisure Viptera 3220 (RIB) 2+ caterpillar traits, 2+ rootworm traits SmartStax, SmartStax RIB, Optimum Acre XTreme (RIB only) 10% Refuge 2 caterpillar traits, 1 rootworm (but a complex trait) Optimum AcreMax Xtra (RIB only) 20% Refuge 2 caterpillar traits, 1 rootworm trait VT3P, Agrisure Viptera caterpillar traits (one poor on borers), 0 rootworm traits Agrisure Viptera 3110

26 Yield of Top Ten Hybrids (Bu/Acre) 2012 Tennessee Research & Education Center Tests Yield Early Maturity Medium Maturity Full Maturity 1 CB / RW HX / RW VT3P 2 CB / RW VT3P CB 3 VT3 VT3 HX 4 CB VT3P HX 5 VT2P VT3P VT3P 6 VT3P CB / RW VT3P 7 Viptera CB Non- BT 8 VT3P CB CB / RW 9 VT3P VT3P VT3P 10 HX VT3P Non-Bt F. Allen et al.

27 Bu/Acre YIELD DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TREATED AND NON-TREATED 160 Bibb et al. 140 Treated Non-Treated A A B B A A P =0.03 P = P = 0.58 Herculex VT3 VT Triple Pro

28 Avg Damaged Kernels 25 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KERNEL DAMAGE AND AFLATOXIN CONCENTRATION Bibb et al. FDA 20 ppb Line R 2 = Avg Aflatoxin (ppb) (Natural Log Transformed Data)

29 Aflatoxin Levels in Corn Roy Parker, Texas A&M University, Test 1 Test No statistically significant differences

30 Take Home About New Bt Corns University data indicates that the new Bt corn traits will not improve yields in most cases compared with the original Bt technologies Variety trial data appears to confirm these results Benefit of reduced refuge requirement Some potential for improved grain quality and reduced mycotoxins but no where close to a silver bullet Particularly in late planted corn Resistance management some good, some bad Corn borers expect multiple Bt toxins to delay resistance Corn earworm exposure to multiple Bt toxins without much reward is concerning

31 Prevathon Yield Effects on VT3Pro (Tennessee, Stewart, 2012) Dryland and under drought stress a a a Prevathon (14) Baythroid XL (2) Untreated Early Silking Few CEW no treatment effects on injury

32 Prevathon Yield Effects on Non-Bt Corn (Tennessee, Stewart, 2012) Irrigated, Late planted (P = 0.568) Early Silking A lot of CEW - no treatment effects on injury to ears

33 Spraying Corn for Corn Earworm The old dogma still applies foliar applications for ear stage infestations of corn earworm in field corn is not economically feasible Scant evidence for physiological effect of Prevathon or yield increase from a single insecticide application Usually little or no effect on tip injury seems to work better if little CEW pressure Consistent yield response. NOT Likely a different story for non-bt corn in the presence of corn borers Little potential benefit on Bt corn (especially the newer traits) Exposure to insecticides without much yield reward May create secondary pest problems (spider mites)

34 Japanese Beetles New Threshold: Infestations are usually worse along field margins. Treat when 3 or more beetles are present per ear during the first week of silking.

35 Trade Names Poncho 250, Acceleron Poncho 500, Acceleron with Poncho Votivo Poncho 1250, Acceleron Cruiser Extreme 250 Cruiser Extreme 500, Avicta Complete Cruiser Extreme 1250 Gaucho 600, Imida E-AG 5 FST, Senator Kernel Guard Supreme, KickStart VP Billbugs Relative Efficacy of Corn IST White grubs Seedcorn maggot Wireworms Cutworms Sugarcane beetle Stink bugs Chinch bugs Southern corn rootworm P, NL F G E P - F F + F G E F G G E P - F G F - G G - E E G E E E F - G G G E E P, NL F G E P P P F G - E, NL P, NL G G E P F F F E G E E E F F G G E P, NL G G E P, NL P, NL P, NL F G, NL P, NL F, NL P? F P, NL P, NL P, NL P, NL P?, NL P = poor F = fair G = good E = excellent NL = not labeled

36 Sugarcane Beetles

37 Methodology Test by Angus Catchot (Mississippi State University) 3 x 18 PVC pipes were placed over corn plants at the V4 stage One male and one female sugarcane beetle were placed in each pipe Pipes were removed, plants dug up, and rated 7 days after infestation

38 Below Ground Damage Rating for Sugarcane Beetle in Field Corn Angus Catchot, Mississippi State University N=40 N=40 N=40 N=40 N=40 N=20 N=40 N=80 N=Number of plants tested

39 Managing for Sugarcane Beetle Cruiser or Poncho 250 may not be enough Poncho 500 or higher rates In-furrow bifenthrin (Capture LFR, Brigade, etc.) Will also provide protection from cutworm In-furrow granular insecticides* Rescue sprays are often late and not very effective High volume, directed sprays of bifenthrin (Brigade) or Lorsban* * Be careful of insecticide/herbicide interactions

40 Questions? PB1768, Bug Book February 1 I will bring copies to county meetings and distribute at Cotton Focus Cotton Focus Thursday, February 14 WTREC Cotton Scout School Friday, May 31 Soybean Scout Schools TBA