Insects as feed Suitability and nutritional value Species Safety

Transcription

1 Insects in the Food Chain -seminar 2nd event of the NICE network - Turku, Finland Legislation concerning insects as animal feed Tarja Root, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Feed Section Insects as feed Suitability and nutritional value Species Safety Legislation concerning insects as feed - feed - animal by-products (ABP) - TSE- (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies) prevention

2 Why insects? Food for growing world population 9 billion at 2050 Environmentally friendly production Needs small amounts of water, land and other inputs efficient However, needs energy for warm rearing conditions Use of food loss and biomass reduction of waste Less greenhouse gas emissions For food - According to novel food regulation in EU

3 For feed Why insects? Increasing protein self-sufficiency in EU (replacing soya and fish meal) Natural diet for many animal species Pets rodents, lizards, hedgehogs, snakes etc. Food producing animals poultry, fish Suitable also for pigs, cats, dogs and fur animals Allowed at the moment whole live insects for all animal species (not ruminants), insect fat for all species and as processed animal protein for pets and fur animals as well as for aquaculture animals from

4 Nutritional value of insects as feed Protein Cp % in dry matter Like fish meal or soya meal Not replaceable by 100 %, but even 50 % Amino acids - Limiting histidine, lysine and tryptophan Fat 5-50 % in dry matter Rich in linoleic acid and lauric acid Rich in unsaturated oxidises easily Minerals High phosphorus to calcium ratio Good source of trace elements Nutritional value - variable Affected by feed and processing of insects as well as species and life cycle/stage of harvest Palatability - No problems Production parameters like fish meal

5 Species C. 6 million species of insects globally C edible species According to legislation the insect species that can be fed to food producing animals (for pets and fur animals also others can be used) Commission Reg. (EU) 2017/893 amending TSE Reg. (EC) 999/2001 and ABP Enforcement Reg. (EU) 142/2011 Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) (mustasotilaskärpänen) Common housefly (Musca domestica) (huonekärpänen) Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) (jauhopukki (kuoriainen)) Lesser Mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) (kanatunkkari (kuoriainen)) House cricket (Ancheta domesticus) (kotisirkka) Banded cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus) (trooppinen kotisirkka) Field cricket (Gryllus assimilis) (kenttäsirkka)

6 Blacksoldier fly adult larvae

7 Yellow mealworm adult larvae

8 Housecricket adult

9 Safety Feeds must be safe and suitable for feeding EFSAs scientific opinion on risk profile related to the production and consumption of insects as food and feed microbiological, chemical and environmental risks Species and stage of harvest Rearing and manufacturing methods Whole, parts dried, frozen Processed (products) temp, pressure, time Feeds (substrates) used in feeding of insects Feed materials for food producing animals - OK Prions are no threat, if no human or ruminant protein is used Faeces, catering waste microbiological hazard Insects may spread salmonella, if salmonella in feed Not enough data about transfer of chemical harmful substances accumulation Environment no difference compared to other feed production insect waste Import if waste and composted faeces used as substrate/feed, cannot be imported to EU

10 Insects as feed Catalogue of feed materials (EU/2017/1017) Terrestrial invertebrates, live/dead In all life stages, other than species having adverse effects on plant, animals and human health. Dead - with or without treatment but not processed as referred to in Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009. Aquatic invertebrates - Whole or parts of marine or freshwater invertebrates, in all their life stages, other than species pathogenic to humans and animals; with or without treatment like fresh, frozen, dried. Animal fat - Product composed of fat from land animals, including invertebrates other than species pathogenic to humans and animals in all their life stages. Processed animal protein - Product obtained by heating, drying and grinding whole or parts of land animals, including invertebrates other than species pathogenic to humans and animals in all their life stages from which the fat may have been partially extracted or physically removed. Species and stage of harvest have to be given Positive list of species yet to come?

11 Feed operation - Feed hygiene Reg. (EU/183/2005) and other feed legislation EU/national Registration as a feed business operator Primary production of feeds rearing insects Other than primary production of feeds Production of feed materials protein, fat etc. Use of insects in compound feeds Import only if reared and produced according to EU legislation Record keeping, own control and HACCP etc. demands Production/manufacturing Traceability, labelling Analysis salmonella, harmful substances, etc.

12 Animal by-product -legislation National Law on animal by-products 517/2015 Animal by-product Reg. (EY) N:o 1069/2009 ABP health rules Animal by-products not intended for human consumption Categories, use/feeding, disposal, approval of establishments, etc. INSECTS belong to the scope According to art. 10(l) can be cat 3 material, which can be used as feed/in production of feed for feeding of farmed animals and pets are farmed animals Feeds/substrates used in rearing insects Certain products, like faeces/manure, catering waste or former foodstuffs containing meat/fish, cannot be used in feeding of food producing animals Carcass collection and disposal in case of insects? Production of processed animal protein (PAP) derived from insects requires approval Processing methods are given in reg. 142/2011 method 7 can be used

13 TSE-regulation - feed ban Reg. laying down rules for prevention, control and eradication of certain TSEs (EY) No 999/2001+ several amendments Feeding of farmed animals with animal protein Ruminants total ban (except for milk and egg products) Other food producing animals ban of processed animal protein PAP Exceptions fishmeal to fish, pigs, poultry, young ruminants, insects Does not allow the use of insect PAP in feeding of food producing animals, incl. insects, except As feed for aquatic animals from (EU/2017/893) Separation from other feeds (production, storage, transport), labelling, registration/approval of use (feed establishments, farms ect.) Seven insect species listed Requirements are similar to fish meal Does allow insect PAP for feeding of pets and fur animals as well as research

14 Feeds for insects Feed materials in the Catalogue - vegetable origin, milk, egg, fish meal OK Reg. (EY) No 767/2009 annex III prohibits the use of faeces and contents of intestinal track as feed Insects should be fasted or the product heat treated/processed to avoid hygiene risks Catering waste and former foodstuffs containing fish/meat - not allowed (ABP regulation) Rearing in manure not allowed Harmful and prohibited substances, labelling Feed additives not yet authorized especially for insects

15 Need for additions and clarifications to legislation concerning insects as feed Feed hygiene Definition of primary production and agricultural products Rearing of animals (prior to slaughter) killing, putting down, harvesting, freezing Including drying, grinding/milling, packing? HACCP-demands? Rearing for feeding to own food producing animals? Labelling? Animal by-products Disposal of insects Processing method for insectpap PAP for feed Drying and grinding is not processing TSE-requirements -> registration/approval requirements

16 Cricket rearing in Holland