Scientific Insights and development in sustainable palm oil production. Jean-Pierre Caliman Director of SMART Research Institute

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1 Scientific Insights and development in sustainable palm oil production Jean-Pierre Caliman Director of SMART Research Institute

2 Palm oil an SDG commodity Provides jobs for estimated 16 million people in Indonesia Palm oil farmers earn at least 7 times more than subsistence farmers US$17.8 bn of palm oil exports in 2016 from Indonesia Is the most productive vegetable oil crop in the world

3 GAR: a leading integrated palm oil company A leading integrated palm oil plantation company Largest palm oil grower in Indonesia Manages 169 plantations Provides over 170,000 jobs Total revenue: over US$7.2 billion Core net profit: US$186 million 2,510,000 metric tonnes of crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel (PK) 3

4 Oil Palm oil GAR: current own plantations GAR: current smallholders GAR: future Rapeseed oil Sunflower oil Soybean oil Oil production (t /ha) Palm oil smallholders performance compared to other vegetable oils Smallholders performance Vegetable oil productivity GAR average (premium age) 4 2 0

5 Committed to sustainable palm oil

6 SMART Research Institute (SMARTRI)

7 SMART Research Institute BREEDING Department Prepare the performance and characteristics of the future seeds AGRONOMY Department Propose the best cultivation techniques CROP PROTECTION Department Protect our palms from pests & diseases SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH Department. Evaluate the impact on the environment (GHG, pollution risk, biodiversity, ). Develop Assessment tools for new best practices ISO 9001:2008 Registration Nbr ISO 17025

8 Global Approach-Road MAP Agronomy Breeding Crop Protection Short term - Fertiliser regime / soil & climate - Germplasm development Integrated Pest Management 0-2 years 800 ha of reference trials (14 origins, 494 accessions) Weed Control Mineral and organic fertilisers - Breeding trial (800 ha) - Fertiliser efficiency - Ortets selection (1,740-T; 40-D; 24-P) Nutrient losses assessment - Clones selection (153 clones: 130 ha) Tools for estate Medium term - Modeling 0-5 years Nutrient cycles Soil fertility Palm physiology Screening planting material Ganoderma resistance Screening planting material Leaf eating Caterpillar resistance Mineral nutrition & Ganoderma Mineral nutrition & Ganoderma Long term 0-10 years Soil Fertility & Ganoderma Screening planting material High yield High nutrient uptake & utilisation High water uptake High photosynthesis capacity High light interception Development of an ideotype for oil palm High bunch number Architecture for high light interception High photosynthesis capacity and favorable carbon partitioning High nutrient uptake and nutrient utilisation High water uptake High resistance to pest and disease High unsaturated oil Low lipase activity (low FFA) + virescence trait Soil Fertility & Ganoderma

9 Our breeding programme

10 damage Crop protection 10,00 Outliers are hidden Extreme values are hidden 7,50 5,00 2,50 0, year Collaboration: Cirad, Uni. Besancon, MHNP Turnera subulata Antigonon leptopus

11 Ecosystem services: Crop protection Biological control of Pests & Diseases: rat control Source: Aude Verwilghen (cirad) Moh. Naim (Smartri) photo: Aude Verwilghen Barn owls value = USD 2 to 4 /ha.y Small carnivores value = USD 1.6 /ha.y

12 Protection of our palms Pesticides used in plantations Active ingredient Herbicides including Paraquat Insecticides Fungicides* Acaricides <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Rodenticides Total pesticides used * : used only in nurseries kg or liter/ha Stop paraquat utilisation starting 2016

13 Ecosystem services & productivity The BEFTA project

14 The BEFTA project Positive impact of flora understorey on parasitoids: Lower assassin bug abundance in reduced complexity

15 The BEFTA project Lower spider (Nephila spp.) abundance and prey consumption in reduced complexity plots Abundance Prey per hour Enhanced Standard Reduced Enhanced Standard Reduced

16 Vegetation ground cover: Reducing nutrient losses Weeds management N P K Standard vegetation ground cover 1.1 % 1.4 % 0.6 % Bare soil 2.5 % 2.7 % 0.8 % Losses value = USD 2.7 to 3.0 /ha.y Importance of vegetation understorey on soil microclimate Impact of extreme El Nino/La Nina

17 The ecological services at risk 1. Risk due to climate change - High rains affect E. kameronicus population - Low EK population depress Oil volume 2. Risk due to agricultural practices Lampung - Weevil population & Rainfall S. Buaya - OER and Weevil population Ela e id o b iu s ( EK /s p ic k le t ) O ER ( % ) OER semester 1 OER semester Rain 3 Weeks before Observation (mm) EK Population (EK/ha)

18 Greenhouse gases: Carbon footprint Micro-meteorological measurements: Net Carbon Exchange measurement Results: First estimate of Carbon fixation in oil palm agro-system = 38 tco2/ha.y (11 tc/ha.y) (Sept 2011-Dec 2016)

19 Greenhouse gas: N 2 O emission Nutrients losses: emission of N 2 O Soil Humidity Emission factor (%) Low % Medium 0.88 High % Test of urease inhibitor mixed to urea Standard Urea Urease inhibitor (Solvay) Low % Medium % BRND

20 Leading the oil palm research community 186 species found on 864 sampling sites

21 Thank You /Terima Kasih