Indicative simplified baseline and monitoring methodologies for selected small-scale CDM project activity categories

Transcription

1 TYPE III - OTHER PROJECT ACTIVITIES Project participant hall appl the general guideline to mall-cale (SSC) clean development mechanim (CDM) SSC CDM methodologie, information on additionalit (attachment A to appendix B) and general guidance on leakage in bioma project activitie (attachment C to appendix B) provided at < mutati mutandi. III.AU Methane emiion reduction b adjuted water management practice in rice cultivation Technolog/meaure 1. The methodolog comprie technolog/meaure that reult in reduced anaerobic decompoition of organic matter in rice cropping oil and thu reduced generation of methane. Rice farm that change the water regime during the cultivation period from continuoul to intermittent flooded condition and/or a hortened period of flooded condition are included. Alternate wetting and dring method and aerobic rice cultivation method are covered (ee < Rice farm that change their rice cultivation practice from tranplanted to direct eeded rice are included For the purpoe of thi methodolog the following definition appl: (a) (b) (c) (d) Tranplanted Rice (TPR): a tem of planting rice where eed are raied in a nurer bed for ome 20 to 30 da. The oung eedling are then directl tranplanted into the flooded rice field; Direct Seeded Rice (DSR): a tem of cultivating rice in which eed, either pregerminated or dr, are broadcat or own directl in the field under dr- or wetland condition; no tranplanting proce i involved; IPCC approach: the mot recent verion of the applicable IPCC guidance on methane emiion from rice cultivation. At the time of methodolog ubmiion, thi i chapter 5.5, volume 4 of the 2006 IPCC Guideline for National Greenhoue Ga Inventorie; Project cultivation practice: a et of element of a cultivation practice which i adopted under the CDM project activit. Thi mainl conit of the adjuted irrigation method. Field preparation, fertilization and weed and pet control ma alo be included; IPCC approach provide for the following definition (ee volume 4 of the 2006 IPCC Guideline for National Greenhoue Ga Inventorie for further detail): 1 A witch from tranplanted rice with continuoul flooded field to DSR lead to a reduced flooding period ince DSR require non-flooded condition after owing until the eed ha full germinated and developed into a viable, oung plantlet (at the 2 to 4 leaf tage ). 1/14

2 (e) (f) (g) (h) Water regime: a combination of rice ecotem tpe (e.g. irrigated, rainfed and deep water) and flooding pattern (e.g. continuoul flooded, intermittentl flooded); Upland: Field are never flooded for a ignificant period of time; Irrigated: Field are flooded for a ignificant period of time and water regime i full controlled; Rainfed and deep water: Field are flooded for a ignificant period of time and water regime depend olel on precipitation. 3. Thi methodolog i applicable under the following condition: (a) Rice cultivation in the project area i predominantl characterized b irrigated, flooded field for an extended period of time during the growing eaon, i.e. farm whoe water regime can be claified a upland or rainfed and deep water are not eligible to appl thi methodolog. Thi hall be hown from a repreentative urve conducted in the geographical region of the propoed project or b uing national data. Thi project area characterization hall alo include information on pre-eaon water regime and applied organic amendment, o that all dnamic parameter a hown in Table 1 are covered b the baeline tud; (b) The project rice field are equipped with controlled irrigation and drainage facilitie uch that both during dr and wet eaon, appropriate dr/flooded condition can be etablihed on the field; (c) The project activit doe not lead to a decreae in rice ield. Likewie, it doe not require the farm to witch to a cultivar that ha not been grown before; (d) Training and technical upport during the cropping eaon that deliver appropriate knowledge in field preparation, irrigation, drainage and ue of fertilizer to the farmer i part of the project activit and i to be documented in a verifiable manner (e.g. protocol of training, documentation of on-ite viit). In particular the project proponent i able to enure that the farmer b himelf or through experienced aitance i able to determine the crop upplemental N fertilization need. The applied method hall ae the fertilier need uing for example a leaf colour chart (LCC) or photo enor or teting tripe. Alternativel a procedure to enure efficient fertilization conidering the pecific cultivation condition in the project area backed b cientific literature or official recommendation hall be ued; (e) Project proponent hall aure that the introduced cultivation practice, including the pecific cultivation element, technologie and ue of crop protection product, i not ubject to an local regulator retriction; (f) Excepting the cae where the default value approach indicated in paragraph 15 i choen for emiion reduction calculation, pproject proponent have acce to 2/14

3 (g) infratructure to meaure emiion from reference field uing cloed chamber method and laborator anali; Aggregated annual emiion reduction of all field included under one project activit hall be le than or equal to 60 kt CO 2 equivalent. 4. For the purpoe of defining reference field condition for baeline and project emiion meaurement and their comparion with project field, claif each project field with it pecific pattern of cultivation condition, appling the following parameter: Table 1: Parameter for the definition of cultivation pattern Nr. Parameter Tpe a Value/Categorie Source/Method b 1 Water regime Dnamic Continuoul flooded Baeline: Farmer information on-eaon c Single Drainage Project: Monitoring Multiple Drainage 2 Water regime Dnamic Flooded Baeline: Farmer information pre-eaon Short drainage (<180d) Project: Monitoring Long drainage (>180d) 3 Organic Dnamic Straw on-eaon d Baeline: Farmer information Amendment Green manure Project: Monitoring Straw off-eaon d Farm ard manure Compot No organic amendment 4 Soil ph Static < 4.5 ISRIC-WISE oil propert databae e or national data > Soil Organic Static < 1% ISRIC-WISE oil propert Carbon 1 3 % databae e or national data > 3% 6 Climate Static [AEZ] f Rice Almanac, HarvetChoice f Comment: (a) Dnamic condition are thoe that are connected to the management practice of a field, thu can change over time (no matter whether intended b the project activit or due to other reaon) and hall be monitored in the project field. Static condition are ite-pecific parameter that characterize a oil and do not (relevantl) change over time and thu do in principle onl have to be determined once for a project and the correponding field; (b) Source/method of data acquiition to determine the applicable value for each parameter; (c) The value upland, regular rainfed, drought prone and deep water, which are regularl ued to differentiate the on-eaon water regime (ee IPCC guideline), are not mentioned here, becaue thee categorie are excluded from a project activit under thi methodolog (cf. applicabilit criteria); 3/14

4 (d) Straw on-eaon mean traw applied jut before rice eaon, and traw off-eaon mean traw applied in the previou eaon. Rice traw that wa left on the urface and incorporated into oil jut before the rice eaon i claified a traw on-eaon; (e) For thee tatic parameter, refer to appropriate global or national data. The databae from ISRIC provide oil data which can be ued for thi purpoe; (f) Climate zone: ue agroecological zone a hown in the Rice Almanac or b HarvetChoice With the help of thi field characterization, project field can be grouped according to their cultivation pattern. All field with the ame cultivation pattern form one group. Boundar 5. The geographic boundar encompae the rice field where the cultivation method and water regime are changed. The patial extent of the project boundar include all field that change the cultivation method in the context of the project activit. Baeline 6. The baeline cenario i the continuation of the current practice e.g. tranplanted and continuoul flooded rice cultivation in the project field. 7. The baeline emiion hall be calculated on a eaonal bai uing the following formula: BE BE (1) BE G g 1 EF 3 BL,, g A, g *10 * * GWP (2) BE Baeline emiion in ear (tco 2 e) BE Baeline emiion from project field in eaon (tco 2 e) EF BL,, Baeline emiion factor of group g in eaon (kgch g 4 /ha per eaon) A, Area of project field of group g in eaon (ha) g GWP Global warming potential of CH 4 (tco 2 e/t, ue value of 21) g Group g, cover all project field with the ame cultivation pattern a determined with the help of table 1 (G = total number of group) 4/14

5 Determination of baeline emiion factor on reference field 8. Baeline reference field hall be et up in a wa that the are repreentative of baeline emiion in the project rice field. For each group of field with the ame cultivation pattern, a defined with the help of Table 1, at leat three reference field with the ame pattern hall be determined in the project area. On thee field, meaurement uing the cloed chamber method hall be carried out, each reulting in an emiion factor expreed a kg /ha per eaon. The eaonall integrated baeline emiion factor EF BL,, g hall be derived a average value from the three meaurement for each group (ee the annex appendix I for guidanceguideline on methane meaurement). Leakage 9. An effect of the project activit on GHG emiion outide the project boundar are deemed to be negligible and do not have to be conidered under thi methodolog. Project emiion 10. Project emiion conit of the emiion, which will till be emitted under the changed cultivation practice. Due to the optimized N fertilization practice (cf. applicabilit criteria above, N fertilizer control), N 2 O emiion do not ignificantl deviate from the baeline emiion and hence are not conidered. 11. emiion from project field are calculated on a eaonal bai a follow: PE PE (3) PE G g 1 EF 3 P,, g A, g 10 * * GWP (4) PE Project emiion in ear (tco 2 e) PE Project emiion from project field in eaon (tco 2 e) EF P,, Project emiion factor of group g in eaon (kgch g 4 /ha per eaon) Determination of project emiion factor on reference field 12. The eaonall integrated project emiion factor EF P,, g hall be determined uing meaurement on at leat three project reference field that fulfil the ame condition a the baeline reference field, with the difference that the are cultivated according to the defined 5/14

6 project cultivation practice. Project reference field hall be etablihed cloe to the baeline reference field and begin with the growing eaon at the ame time. EF P,, g i the average of the meaurement reult from the three reference field. Monitoring Emiion reduction 13. The emiion reduction achieved b the project activit hall be calculated a the difference between the baeline and the project emiion. ER BE PE (5) ER Emiion reduction in eaon (tco 2 e) Ex ante etimation of emiion reduction 14. For the ex ante etimation of emiion reduction within the PDD, project participant hall either refer to own field experiment or etimate baeline and project emiion with the help of national data or IPCC tier 1 default value for emiion and caling factor. The approach hall be explained and jutified in the PDD. Emiion reduction uing default value 15. A an alternative to the reference field approach indicated in paragraph 7, 8, 11 and 12, project participant ma calculate emiion reduction uing default value derived from IPCC tier 1 approach, a per the following formula: ER EF (6) 3 ER * A * L *10 * GWPCH 4 ER Emiion reduction in ear (tco 2 e) EF Adjuted dail emiion factor (kgch4/ha/da) ER A Area of project field in ear (ha) L Cultivation period of rice in ear (da/ear) GWP Global warming potential of CH 4 (tco 2 e/t, ue value of 21) 6/14

7 16. Default value of adjuted dail emiion factor EF ER (kg /ha/da) are given below in different project cenario: (a) For region/countrie where double cropping i practiced: (i) (ii) Ue 1.50 (kg /ha/da) for project activitie that hift to intermittent flooding (ingle aeration); Ue 1.80 (kg /ha/da) for project activitie that hift to intermittent flooding (multiple aeration); (b) For region/countrie where ingle cropping i practiced: (i) (ii) Ue 0.60 (kg /ha/da) for project activitie that hift to intermittent flooding (ingle aeration); Ue 0.72 (kg /ha/da) for project activitie that hift to intermittent flooding (multiple aeration). 17. The default value above conider the rice traw on field a the onl organic amendment input. Other organic amendment uch a compot, farm ard manure and green manure, which have been ued in the pre-project cenario, ma continue to be applied at the ame or a lower rate during the crediting period, but do not affect the emiion reduction etimated uing the default value. Monitoring of baeline and project emiion 18. The following parameter hall be monitored a per the Table 2 below. The applicable requirement pecified in the General Guideline to SSC CDM methodologie (e.g. calibration requirement, ampling requirement) hall be taken into account b the project participant. Table 2: Monitoring parameter No Parameter Decription Unit Monitoring/ recording frequenc 1. EF BL,, g Baeline kg /ha Regular Emiion Factor per eaon meaurement a per cloed chamber method guidance, 2. EF P,, g Project Emiion Factor kg /ha per eaon eaonall integrated Regular meaurement a per cloed chamber method guidance, eaonall integrated Meaurement method and procedure A per the intruction in the annexppendix I (Guideline for meauring methane emiion from rice field) and chapter of the IPCC guideline A per the intruction in the annexppendix I (Guideline for meauring methane emiion from rice field) and chapter of the IPCC guideline 3. A. g Aggregated ha Ever eaon To be determined b collecting 7/14

8 No Parameter Decription Unit Monitoring/ recording frequenc project area in a given eaon. Onl compliant farm are conidered (ee paragraph 196) 4. A Aggregated project area in ear. Onl compliant farm are conidered 5 L Cultivation period of rice in ear Meaurement method and procedure the project field ize in a project databae. The ize of project field hall be determined b GPS or atellite data. Should uch technologie not be available, etablihed field ize meaurement approache hall be ued provided that uncertaintie are taken into account in a conervative manner ha Ever ear Thi parameter i onl required for the default value approach in paragraph 15. To be determined b collecting the project field ize in a project databae. The ize of project field hall be determined b GPS or atellite data. Should uch technologie not be available, etablihed field ize meaurement approache hall be ued provided that uncertaintie are taken into account in a conervative manner da/ear Ever ear Thi parameter i onl required for the default value approach in paragraph 15. To be determined uing cultivation logbook Monitoring of farmer compliance with project cultivation practice 19. In order to determine whether the project field are cultivated according to the project cultivation practice a defined b the project activit, and thu aure that meaurement on the reference field are repreentative for the emiion from the project field, a cultivation logbook hall be maintained for all project field. With the help of the logbook, all parameter that are part of the project cultivation practice, and at leat the following, hall be documented b the farmer: (a) (b) Sowing (date); Fertilizer, organic amendment, and crop protection application (date and amount); 8/14

9 (c) (d) Water regime on the field (e.g. dr/moit/flooded ) and date where the water regime i changed from one tatu to another; Yield. 20. In addition, farmer hall tate whether the have followed fertilization recommendation provided with the introduction of the adjuted water management practice. 21. Project proponent hall aure that the project reference field are cultivated in a wa that the repreent the range of cultivation practice element on the project field in a conervative manner with repect to methane emiion. Should farmer relevantl deviate from the defined project cultivation practice, o that their field cannot be deemed to be repreented b the reference field an more, thoe field hall not be taken into account for the determination of the aggregated project area A, g of that eaon. Thi requirement hall aure that onl thoe farm are conidered for the calculation of emiion reduction which do actuall compl with the project cultivation practice. 22. Reporting and verification hall be done on the bai of ample of the log-book from the farmer, according to the latet verion of the Standard for ampling and urve for CDM project activitie and programme of activitiegeneral guideline for ampling and urve for SSC project activitie. 23. Project proponent hall et up a databae which hold data and information that allow an unambiguou identification of participating rice farm, including name and addre of the rice farmer, ize of the field and, if applicable, additional farm pecific information a defined above. Project activit under a programme of activitie 24. The methodolog i applicable to a programme of activitie, no additional leakage etimation are necear other than that indicated under leakage ection above. 9/14

10 Annex Appendix I GUIDELINES FOR MEASURING METHANE EMISSIONS FROM RICE FIELDS The implementation of methane meaurement in rice field require the involvement of expert in thi field or at leat experienced taff trained b expert (i.e. from reearch intitution). Thee guideline cannot replace expertie in etting up chamber meaurement. The rather et minimum requirement that erve for tandardizing the condition under which methane emiion are meaured for project under thi methodolog. Project proponent hall prepare a detailed plan for the eaonal methane meaurement before the tart of the eaon. The plan hall include the chedule for the field and laborator meaurement, the logitic that are necear to get the ga ample to the laborator and a cropping calendar. The plan hall alo include all reference field pecific information regarding location and climate, oil, water management, plant characteritic, fertilizer treatment and organic amendment. The following guidance i tructured according to the tep from field meaurement to emiion factor calculation. Project proponent hall make ure that the meaurement on project and baeline reference field are carried out in an equal manner and imultaneoul. Feature Chamber material On the field - technical option for the chamber deign Condition Option 1: Non-tranparent Option 2: Tranparent Commerciall available PVC Manufactured chamber uing acrlic container or manufactured gla; chamber (e.g. uing galvanized Advantage of tranparent chamber: iron); could be placed for longer time pan Painted white or covered with on the field if equipped with a lid reflective material (to prevent that remain open between increaing inide temperature); meaurement and i onl cloed Onl uitable for hort-term during meaurement expoure (tpicall 30 min) followed b immediate removal from the field 10/14

11 Feature Condition Placement in Option 1: Fixed bae Option 2: Without bae oil Bae made of non-corroive material and remain in the field for the whole eaon; Chamber have to be placed on the oil with open lid to allow ecape of eventual ebullition Bae hould allow tight ealing of the chamber; Bae hould have bore in the ubmerged ection to allow water exchange between inide and outide; Bae hould be intalled at leat 24 hour before the firt ampling Auxiliarie of Thermometer for meauring the temperature inide the chamber; chamber Fan (batter operated) inide the chamber for mix the inide air during ampling; Sampling port (rubber topper placed in a bore of the chamber) Baal area Rectangular or rounded, but ha to cover minimum of four rice hill (ca. 0.1 m² minimum) Height Option 1: Fixed height Option 2: Flexible height Total height (protruding bae + Adjutable to plant height; chamber) hould exceed plant height Chamber with different height or modular deign Feature Replicate chamber per plot Number of air ample per expoure / data point per meaurement Expoure time Datime of meaurement Meaurement interval Sringe Sample torage until anali On the field air ampling Condition Minimum requirement: Three replicate chamber per plot Minimum requirement: Three ample per expoure 30 minute Morning Minimum requirement: once per week Suitabilit tet (leak proof) before meaurement Preferabl equipped with a lock for eae of handling Storage < 24 h: air ample can remain in ringe; Storage > 24 h: tranfer air ample into evacuated vial, tore with light overpreure 11/14

12 Feature Method Injection Column Calibration Laborator anali Condition Ga Chromatograph with flame ionization detector (FID) Direct injection or with multi-port valve and ample loop Packed (e.g. molecular ieve) or capillar column With certified tandard ga each da of anali before and after the anale are done Calculation of the emiion rate for a plot (reference field) 1. For each ga anali, calculate the ma of emiion with the help of the following formula: 1atm mch 4, t cch 4, t * VChamber * M * (1) R * T *1000 m CH, t t c CH, t 4 Ma of in chamber at time t (mg) t Point of time of ample (e.g. 0, 15, 30 in cae of three ample within 30 minute) 4 concentration in chamber at time t, from ga anali (ppm) V Chamber volume (L) Chamber M Molar ma of CH 4 : 16 g/mol 1 atm Aume contant preure of 1atm, unle preure meaurement i intalled R Univeral ga contant: 0,08206 L atm K-1 mol-1 Temperature at time t (K) T t 2. Determine the lope of the line of bet fit for the value of M over time with the help of oftware (e.g. Excel): m t (2) Slope of line of bet fit (mg/min) 12/14

13 3. Calculate the emiion rate per hour for one chamber meaurement: RE * 60min / (3) ch A Chamber RE ch Emiion rate of chamber ch (mg/h * m²) ch Index for replicate chamber on a plot A Chamber area (m²) Chamber 4. Calculate the average emiion rate of a chamber meaurement per plot: RE plot Ch ch 1 RE Ch ch (4) RE Average emiion rate of a plot (mg/h * m²) plot Ch Number of replicate chamber per plot Further procedure: from the average emiion rate per plot of each chamber meaurement, derive the eaonall integrated emiion factor b integration of the meaurement reult over the eaon length. The implet wa of integration i multipling the emiion rate with the number of hour of the meaurement interval (e.g. one week) and accumulating the reult of ever meaurement interval over the eaon. Convert from mg/m² to kg/ha b multipling with Hitor of the document Verion Date Nature of reviion Jul 2012, Annex # 02.0 EB 66, Annex 59 2 March EB 60, Annex April 2011 Deciion Cla: Regulator Document Tpe: Standard Buine Function: Methodolog Reviion to include a implified approach to calculate emiion reduction uing default value derived from IPCC tier 1 approach, a an alternative to the reference field approach. Reviion to allow for an alternative procedure to enure efficient fertilization. Initial adoption. 13/14

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