A Domain-Specific MBSE Approach for the Smart Grid

Transcription

1 A Domain-Specific MBSE Approach for the Smart Grid Christian Neureiter Josef Ressel Center for User-Centric Smart Grid Privacy, Security and Control

2 Hi, I m Christian Salzburg University of Applied Sciences Teaching: Information and Research: Domain-Specific MBSE christian@en-trust.at Christian Neureiter Successfactory s Engineering Training, Consulting & Coaching neureiter@successfactory.cc 2

3 Background Energy Turnaround: Integration of renewable energies Distributed Energy Resources (DER) with volatile injection behavior Bidirectional energy flows influence grid stability Smart Grid of bidirectional energy flows Paradigm shift: Load follows generation Integration of massive ICT infrastructure Challenge: Develope of a robust and dependable system architecture Critical infrastructure extense dependability requirements -of-s (SoS) high complexity Numerous stakeholders different disciplines and domains involved 3

4 Interdisciplinary Development Hi, I m Christian. I have great models to develop your Smart Grid! So, how can we handle all this ICT related complexity? No, this is Software stuff. THIS is, how a model should look like! 4

5 How to develop complex, interdisciplinary systems together? 5

6 Smart Grid Building How to build a house? Basic Views Architecture Description Architecture Models Stakeholder Concerns Architecture Development Reference Architecture Architectural Solution Common Understanding CAD Tools Plumber, Electrician, Owner, Blueprint My individual house Relevant Aspects? Modeling Tool? Concerns? Reference Architecture? Solutions???

7 Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) Proposed 2012 by CEN/CENELEC/ETSI 1. SGAM-Plane: problem decomposition Domains: energy conversion chain Zones: Automation pyramide 7

8 Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) Proposed 2012 by CEN/CENELEC/ETSI 1. SGAM-Plane: problem decomposition Domains: energy conversion chain Zones: Automation pyramide 2. Interoperability on different layers ( SGAM Layers ) Relevant aspects for description of Smart Grid systems 8

9 Smart Grid Building How to build a house? Basic Views Architecture Description Architecture Models Stakeholder Concerns Architecture Development Reference Architecture Architectural Solution Common Understanding CAD Tools Plumber, Electrician, Owner, Blueprint My individual house Business Function Information Communication Component Functional and architectural aspects Modeling Tool? Concerns? Reference Architecture? Solutions???

10 Modeling the Smart Grid Modeling the Smart Grid 1. Development paradigm 2. Domain Specific Modeling Language (DSL) 10

11 Interoperability Dimension Modeling the Smart Grid Modeling the Smart Grid 1. Development paradigm 2. Domain Specific Modeling Language (DSL) Model Driven Architecture (MDA) 1. Functionality ( What? ) 1. Business Layer 2. Function Layer Analysis Business Objectives Polit. / Regulat.. Framework Outline of Usecase Subfunctions Data Model Data Model Protocol Protocol Operation Market Enterprise Generation Transmission Distribution DER Domains Customer Premise Field Process Station Zones 11

12 Interoperability Dimension Modeling the Smart Grid Modeling the Smart Grid 1. Development paradigm 2. Domain Specific Modeling Language (DSL) Model Driven Architecture (MDA) 1. Functionality ( What? ) 1. Business Layer 2. Function Layer 2. Technology ( How? ) 1. Information Layer 2. Communication Layer 3. Component Layer Analysis Architecture Outline of Usecase Generation Transmission Distribution DER Domains Data Model Protocol Subfunctions Customer Premise Business Objectives Polit. / Regulat.. Framework Data Model Protocol Field Process Station Operation Market Enterprise Zones 12

13 Modeling the Smart Grid Modeling the Smart Grid 1. Development paradigm 2. Domain Specific Modeling Language (DSL) deployment DSM The SGAM Toolbox Domain Specific Language (DSL) Extension for Enterprise Architect Layer-by-Layer development In the stakeholder s language Demand Side Market Enterprise Operation Station Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer DSM Mgmt DSM Serv ice Internet Protocol: Protocol: Gateway Premise Client COM Protocol: Field Protocol: Firewall Internet Firewall CSMS HMI CEMS Process Legend Communication E-Car COM Protocol: HA COM Protocol: ICT Connection E-Car Charging Home Automation 13

14 Modeling the Smart Grid Modeling the Smart Grid 1. Development paradigm 2. Domain Specific Modeling Language (DSL) The SGAM Toolbox Domain Specific Language (DSL) Extension for Enterprise Architect Layer-by-Layer development In the stakeholder s language Under the hood: UML Profile 14

15 Modeling the Smart Grid Modeling the Smart Grid 1. Development paradigm 2. Domain Specific Modeling Language (DSL) composite structure Flexibility Operator The SGAM Toolbox Domain Specific Language (DSL) Business Layer «Business Actor» Utility «trace» «Business Use... Utilze Flexibility «invokes» «Business Actor» Customer «trace» Extension for Enterprise Architect Layer-by-Layer development Function Layer «Logical Actor» DMS «High Level Us... Flexible Thermal Energy Storage «Logical Actor» CEMS In the stakeholder s language «trace» «trace» Under the hood: UML Profile Information Layer «Information Object» Available Flexibility «Data Model Standard» Proprietary Standard «Information Object» Invoked Flexibility Communication Layer Protocol: WebServices Component Layer Flexibility Operator Technology: Cable Internet Technology: GSM CEMS 15

16 Modeling the Smart Grid uc Business Case Analysis Business Goal 1 Business Goal 2 «Business Actor» Business Actor 1 «Business Actor» Business Actor 2 realize realize Modeling the Smart Grid 1. Development paradigm 2. Domain Specific Modeling Language (DSL) «Business Use... Business Case 1 (from Business Case 1) «invokes» «invokes» «High Level Us... «High Level Us... HLUC1 HLUC2 The SGAM Toolbox Domain Specific Language (DSL) Extension for Enterprise Architect Layer-by-Layer development In the stakeholder s language Under the hood: UML Profile 16

17 Modeling the Smart Grid uc Business Case Analysis Business Goal 1 Business Goal 2 «Business Actor» Business Actor 1 «Business Actor» Business Actor 2 realize realize Modeling the Smart Grid 1. Development paradigm 2. Domain Specific Modeling Language (DSL) «Business Use... Business Case 1 (from Business Case 1) «invokes» «invokes» «High Level Us... «High Level Us... HLUC1 HLUC2 The SGAM Toolbox Domain Specific Language (DSL) Extension for Enterprise Architect Layer-by-Layer development In the stakeholder s language Under the hood: UML Profile Publicly available Downloads Video-Tutorials on youtube 17

18 U16 U ISO/RTO/Wholesale Market U16 U Transmission SCADA U10 U17 U20 U Energy Market Clearinghouse U4 U Aggregator/Retail Energy Prov ider U13 U32 U22 U Billing U Load / Demand Response U15 U10 U9 U9 U36 U11 U11 U1 Distribution 29 - Distribution SCADA U36 U12 U12 U8 U7 U27 U31 U Work U30 U Customer Information U34 U27 U Outage U38 U26 U29 U29 U37 U21 U14 U Field Crew Tools U14 U35 U26 U22 U7 U AMI Headend U8 U2 U2 U6 U Meter Data U25 U24 U3 U3 15 Distribution RTUs or IEDs U5 U Customer Serv ice Representativ e U Customer Portal U40 U Customer DER: Generation and Storage U48 U45 U39 U5 U6 U24 U Customer U35 U Third Party U32 U60 U47 U Submeter (EUMD) U18 U18 U50 U46 U Energy Serv ices Interface / HAN Gateway U Meter U41 U47 U50 U43 U49 U Electric Vehicle (EVSE/PEV) U42 U Customer Energy Mgmt U43 U45 U46 U44 U Customer Appliances and Equipment 20 - ISO/RTO/Wholesale Market 41 - Aggregator/Retail Energy Prov ider 37 - Transmission SCADA 19 - Energy Market Clearinghouse Market NW 32 - Load / Demand Response Operations/Market FW 29 - Distribution SCADA Market/Enterprise FW Operations NW Enterprise/Operations FW Operations/Remote Service FW 27 - Distribution 42 - Billing Operations/DMZ FW 36 - Outage 40 - Work Enterprise NW Enterprise/Remote FW 16 - Field Crew Tools 23 - Customer Information Enterprise/DMZ FW DMZ Enterprise/Serv ice FW 33 - Meter Data 21 - AMI Headend DMZ FW 24 - Customer Serv ice Representativ e Service NW 38 - Customer Portal Serv ice NW FW AMI NW Meter Serv ice IF NW Phone Connection 4 - Customer DER: Generation and Storage Internet TP FW 8 - Meter Local Meter NW TP NW 44 - Third Party 10 - Submeter (EUMD) Home FW 2 - Customer 7 - Energy Serv ices Interface / HAN Gateway 6 - Electric Vehicle (EVSE/PEV) HAN 5 - Customer Energy Mgmt 3 - Customer Appliances and Equipment Stakeholder Concerns Model Views Subject of investigation Example on Component Layer : Security, Network Segments Interfaces and Security Requirements ICT Network Topology Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premise Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premise Market Market Enterprise Enterprise Operation Operation U Station Station Field Field Process Process 18

19 Building Smart Grid High Level Use Case 1 Market Enterprise Operation Station Field Process Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premise How to build a house? Basic Views Architecture Description Architecture Models Stakeholder Concerns Architecture Development Reference Architecture Architectural Solution Common Understanding CAD Tools Plumber, Electrician, Owner, Blueprint My individual house Business Function Information Communication Component Functional and architectural aspects SGAM-Toolbox Concerns & Views Reference Architecture? Solutions???

20 Reference Architecture ENTSO-E Role Model Business Layer 20

21 Reference Architecture ENTSO-E Role Model Business Layer NIST IR 7628 Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security Use Case Collection Logical Reference Model ~ 46 Actors ~ 140 Interfaces 22 Interface Categories Security Requirements ~200 High Level RQ NIST Logical Reference Model Aktor Interfaces Interface Category Security Requirements 21

22 Reference Architecture ENTSO-E Role Model Business Layer NIST IR 7628 Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security Use Case Collection Logical Reference Model ~ 46 Actors ~ 140 Interfaces 22 Interface Categories Security Requirements ~200 High Level RQ Integration with SGAM Same origin! NIST Domain Model Mapping basically possible Still, some issues exist ENTSO-E RM NIST UC NIST LRM 22

23 Reference Architecture Example Model: NIST LRM Scenario Smart Metering Click-through model: Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premise Market U16 U17 U17 U ISO/RTO/Wholesale Market 19 - Energy Market Clearinghouse Enterprise U4 U4 U20 U Aggregator/Retail Energy Prov ider U1 U38 U Billing U33 U21 U14 U U33 Customer U31 U13 Information U36 U36 U34 U32 U22 U Work U30 U Load / Demand Response U1 U8 U5 U Meter Data U40 U Customer Serv ice Representativ e U37 U Customer Portal U Customer Interfaces with U40 Security Requirements U5 U18 U Third Party Operation U13 U10 U11 U15 U10 U12 U8 U Transmission SCADA U9 U Distribution U30 U7 U21 U2 U26 U6 U9 U Distribution SCADA U29 U Outage U26 U AMI Headend U25 U24 U3 U42 U Customer Energy Mgmt U45 U46 U44 Station U25 U18 U42 U32 U43 U60 U Energy Serv ices Interface / HAN Gateway Field U29 U34 U14 U3 U24 U60 U41 U Field U35 Crew Tools 15 Distribution RTUs or IEDs U Meter Process U48 U47 U48 U50 U50 U49 U43 U44 U Customer DER: Generation and Storage 10 - U46 Submeter (EUMD) 6 - Electric Vehicle (EVSE/PEV) 3 - Customer Appliances and Equipment 23

24 Reference Architecture Utilization of standards for communication Interactive IEC standards map: 24

25 Building Smart Grid High Level Use Case 1 Market Enterprise Operation Station Field Process Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premise How to build a house? Basic Views Architecture Description Architecture Models Stakeholder Concerns Architecture Development Reference Architecture Architectural Solution Common Understanding CAD Tools Plumber, Electrician, Owner, Blueprint My individual house Business Function Information Communication Component Functional and architectural aspects SGAM-Toolbox Concerns & Views ENTSO-E Role Model, NIST LRM, Solutions???

26 Applications and Experiences Project RASSA Reference Architecture for a Secure Smart Grid in Austria Elements of the project Alignment of LRM with Austrian aspects e.g. regulatory aspects) Integration of Austrian Smart Metering Use Cases Expansion of NIST LRM: Flat structure Business Actors, Logical Actors, Physical Components Update of SGAM Toolbox Implementation of (free) Add-In 26

27 Building Smart Grid High Level Use Case 1 Market Enterprise Operation Station Field Process Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premise How to build a house? Basic Views Architecture Description Architecture Models Stakeholder Concerns Architecture Development Reference Architecture Architectural Solution Common Understanding CAD Tools Plumber, Electrician, Owner, Blueprint My individual house Business Function Information Communication Component Functional and architectural aspects SGAM-Toolbox Concerns & Views ENTSO-E Role Model, NIST LRM, Solutions

28 Experiences Technical Aspects Appear sound so far Interoperability under investigation Flat structure of NIST LRM vs. 3D structure of SGAM Extendability New Interfaces New Actors Dependability Security concept valuable Taxonomy for dependability missing Applicability & Acceptance Used in different projects Not limited to Europe Indication: Youtube Tutorials 116 nations 42k minutes watched so far Easy for engineers with general modeling experience Difficult for DSOs Organizational Development Trainings supportive 28

29 Present Work: Toolchain Integration Power Analysis Tool GIS Data Simulation Engine External Repositories Intelligrid Use Case Templates UCMR Reference Architecture Model Repository SGAM Toolbox Detailed functional description Smart Grid Subsystem FredOSAR Application SW Application FredOSAR Base SW Protocols Security Privacy External Tools Model Evaluation SGAM Visualization Tool 29

30 Present Work: Portability Industry 4.0 Reference Architecture Model for Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.) RAMI 4.0 Toolbox Automotive Project started Interoperability Vehicle 2 Smart City Smart City Contribution to IEC SC Smart Cities, WG 3 Reference Architecture 30

31 Further Reading Downlads & Publications available at C. Neureiter, D. Engel, and M. Uslar, Domain Specific and Model Based s Engineering in the Smart Grid as Prerequesite for Security by Design, Electronics, vol. 5, iss. 2, p. 24, 2016 C. Neureiter, M. Uslar, D. Engel, and G. Lastro, A Standards-based Approach for Domain Specific Modelling of Smart Grid Architectures, in Proceedings of International Conference on of s Engineering (SoSE) 2016, Kongsberg, Norway, 2016, pp Best Paper Award. C. Neureiter, S. Rohjans, D. Engel, C. Dänekas, and M. Uslar, Addressing the Complexity of Distributed Smart City s by Utilization of Model Driven Engineering Concepts, in Proceedings VDE Kongress 2014, 2014, pp And many others ;-) 31

32 do you want to learn more? Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit, gerne beantworte ich Ihre Fragen! Christian Neureiter Christian Neureiter Josef Ressel Center for User-Centric Smart Grid Privacy, Security and Control