Passive House and Advanced Energy Efficient Homes. Passive House Construction: CERTS Conference February

Transcription

1 Passive House and Advanced Energy Efficient Homes Passive House Construction: CERTS Conference February

2 What is Passive House? A type of certification that recognizes energy performance. It is based on the premise that if envelope performance is high enough, all heat can be distributed through the ventilation system. Final Report Nov 9,

3 Multi-Unit PassivHaus Darmstadt Kranichstein, Germany Final Report Nov 9, 2011

4 Energy Usage Energy Figures of Housing Buildings: Average American House Minnesota Energy Code Germany Past Germany Today (1995) Passivhaus (total) Passivhaus (heating only) 91 kbtu/ft 2/ a ~ 50 kbtu/ft 2/ a kbtu/ft 2/ a kbtu/ft 2/ a ~ kbtu/ft 2/ a under 5 kbtu/ft 2/ a The BioHaus in the German Language Village in Minnesota (which we ll see later) uses 85% less energy than a normal house of its size. Final Report Nov 9, 2011

5 PH Certification Criteria To be Passive House certified, the following must be met: No more than kbtu/sf per year heating energy as modeled by PH software. No more than kbtu/sf per year cooling energy as modeled by PH software. No more than 38.1 kbtu/sf per year primary (source) energy as modeled by PH software. 0.6 Air changes per hour at 50 pascals pressure (actual test on building). Final Report Nov 9,

6 How are performance criteria met? 1. Lots of insulation. MN Code: R-20 Wall insulation example: MN high performance: R-27 Passive House: R-50+ Final Report Nov 9,

7 How are performance criteria met? Final Report Nov 9,

8 How are performance criteria met? 2. High-performance windows and doors. Typical window: U-.49 to U-.33 PH window: U-.19 to U-.16 Final Report Nov 9,

9 How are performance criteria met? 3. Heat recovery ventilators. Final Report Nov 9,

10 How are performance criteria met? 4. Very high-quality construction. Final Report Nov 9,

11 Passive Houses in Minnesota There are currently 3 certified Passive House buildings in MN: Isabella Lake Home Waldsee BioHaus Passive House in the Woods Final Report Nov 9,

12 Passive Houses in Minnesota Isabella Lake Home Final Report Nov 9,

13 Passive Houses in Minnesota Waldsee BioHaus Final Report Nov 9,

14 Passive Houses in Minnesota Passive House in the Woods Final Report Nov 9,

15 Other Minnesota PH projects Skyline house (missed airtightness target) Bagley Classroom (pending certification) Final Report Nov 9,

16 Other Minnesota PH projects Skyline house Final Report Nov 9,

17 Other Minnesota PH projects Bagley Classroom (UMD) Final Report Nov 9,

18 Case Study Comparison - annual energy load Annual Energy Load kwh/m annual energy load (kwh/m2) Total energy consumption Skyline P.H. Darmstadt P.H. Hockerton BedZED Kingspan Vancouver Lighthouse SEFC MN reference house Annual Energy Load kwh/m2/hdd normalized energy load (kwh/m2 per HDD) Energy consumption normalized for climate Skyline P.H. Darmstadt Hockerton BedZED Kingspan Vancouver MN P.H. Lighthouse SEFC reference house Final Report Nov 9, 2011

19 Passive Houses in MN/WI There are currently 4 projects under construction or in design that will seek PH certification: Newenhouse Prototype (Viroqua, WI) Synergy Home (Minneapolis, MN) Holm Retreat (Biwabik, MN) image unavailable Erickson Home (Ely, MN) image unavailable Final Report Nov 9,

20 Passive Houses in MN/WI: Newenhouse Prototype (Viroqua, WI) Final Report Nov 9,

21 Passive Houses in MN/WI: Newenhouse Prototype (Viroqua, WI) Final Report Nov 9,

22 Passive Houses in MN/WI: Synergy Home Final Report Nov 9,

23 Passive Houses in MN/WI: Synergy Home Final Report Nov 9,

24 High-performance but not PH-certified Echo Lake House (Echo Lake, MN) Amaris Builders, LEED Home (Northfield, MN) Christian Bros. Home (Elk River, MN) Movil Lake Home (Movil Lake, MN) Esko Farmhouse (Esko, MN) Final Report Nov 9,

25 Passive House Developments Jackson Meadow (Marine on St. Croix, MN) Final Report Nov 9,

26 Passive House Developments: Jackson Meadow (Marine on St. Croix, MN) Final Report Nov 9,

27 Passive House Developments: Jackson Meadow (Marine on St. Croix, MN) Final Report Nov 9,

28 Passive House Developments Third Residential EcoVillage Experience (Ithaca, NY) Final Report Nov 9,

29 Passive House Developments Third Residential EcoVillage Experience (Ithaca, NY) Final Report Nov 9,

30 Passive House Developments Third Residential EcoVillage Experience (Ithaca, NY) Final Report Nov 9,

31 Advantages of Passive House Decreased energy costs Energy security Passive survivability Occupant health Simplicity of installing HVAC system Durability and high quality construction Brand recognition Accountability and ease of use Final Report Nov 9,

32 Challenges of Passive House Higher initial construction costs Availability of components Finely-tuned design Lack of experienced engineers and contractors Architectural differences Design conflicts Moisture and durability Public perceptions Integration with other building programs and regulations Final Report Nov 9,

33 Other concerns over Passive House application in Minnesota The Passive House standard is based on Central European cost effectiveness studies, not Minnesotan. Certification can be difficult. May not adequately address cooling needs in Minnesota s hot, humid summer. May not adequately address potential moisture problems within the wall cavity. Does not address other aspects of sustainability. Final Report Nov 9,

34 Results and Conclusions Passive House costs range widely, from a custom home around $342 per sf to a simple single-family home at $100 per sf. Final Report Nov 9,

35 Results and Conclusions Designers estimate between 3% to 20% increase in cost due to Passive House construction in Minnesota. Final Report Nov 9,

36 Results and Conclusions Passive House energy use is very low less than 20 kbtu/sf/year. Final Report Nov 9,

37 Results and Conclusions Case study house energy use. Final Report Nov 9,

38 Results and Conclusions Analysis shows simple paybacks in the year range for Passive House construction (no energy cost inflation). Reduced energy and maintenance costs are included. Final Report Nov 9,

39 Multi-family Buildings Because of common walls and lower surface-tovolume ratio, it is easier to meet Passive House standards with townhouses and multi-family buildings. Final Report Nov 9,

40 Market Acceptance There is not enough information at this point on Passive House market acceptance. Jackson Meadows Phase 2 will be a test of concept in Minnesota. EcoVillage Phase 3 in Ithaca, New York will be another test of the concept in the US. The GEOS development in Arvada, Colorado with 300 housing units will be a third test. Final Report Nov 9,

41 Impact on Layout Neighborhoods must be designed to provide solar access for each home. This is unlikely to affect density but may produce some unconventional layouts. Final Report Nov 9,

42 Impact on Layout Final Report Nov 9,