Graphic truss analysis. Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
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1 Graphic truss analysis Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
2 Truss examples Oakland Bay Bridge Truss joists Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
3 Stadium roof Milan Airport terminal Hamburg Prismatic trusses provide lateral & rotational stability Vertical compression bars: thick Diagonal tension bars: thin Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
4 Beam Truss Truss concepts Replace beams for long spans Replace bulk by triangulation Triangle is the only stable polygon Square is an unstable polygon All other polygons are unstable Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
5 Common trusses 1 Pratt truss 2 Howe truss 3 X-truss 4 K-truss 5 Warren truss 6 Warren truss with vertical bars 7 Fink truss 8 Belgian truss 9 Scissor truss 10 Bowstring truss 11 Bowstring truss (alternate) 12 Bowstring K-truss Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
6 Unique trusses 1 Prismatic truss 2 Prismatic truss frame 3 Prismatic truss arch 4 Folded truss 5 Folded truss frame 6 Folded truss vault Note: Prismatic and folded trusses resist buckling and rotation Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
7 Graphic Truss Analysis 1 Truss diagram 2 Force polygon for loads and reactions Force polygon for joint ABHG Equilibrium arrows on bars 3 Truss with tension & compression arrows 4 Equilibrium polygons for left half of truss (right half is equal due to symmetry) 5 Bar force list (+ tension, - compression) Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
8 Truss Analysis steps Draw truss diagram to scale Add tributary joint loads Compute reactions Add letters between loads and reactions Add letters between truss bars Draw load / reactions polygon Draw equilibrium polygon for joints Select joint sequence to limit unknown bar forces (max. 2 per joint) Draw equilibrium arrows on bars Measure bar forces at force scale Define bar tension / compression: arrow pulling from joint = tension (+) arrow pushing joint = compression (-) Record bar forces Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
9 Graphic Truss Analysis 1 Joint ABHG 2 Joint ABHG equilibrium polygon 3 Joint BCJH 4 Joint BCJH equilibrium polygon 5 Joint HJKG 6 Joint HJKG equilibrium polygon Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
10 Parallel chord truss 1 Truss diagram 2 Equilibrium force polygon 3 Bar force table 4 Intuitive analysis Top chord shortens in compression Bottom chord elongates in tension Inward sloping bars elongate in tension Outward sloping bars shorten in compression Vertical bars shorten in compression Note: Diagonal bars in tension are preferred since they are the longest bars and thus would tend to buckle in compression. Buckling increases quadratic with length!!! Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
11 Truss analysis examples 1 Warren truss 2 Warren truss equilibrium polygons 3 Pratt truss 4 Pratt truss equilibrium polygons 5 Braced frame 6 Braced frame equilibrium polygon Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
12 Wood truss 1 Truss with gusset plate joints 2 Gusset plate for nails, both sides 3 Gang nail gusset plate 4 Truss with bolt and split ring joints 5 Split ring joint A B Split ring resists shear stress Bolt Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
13 Wood truss Timber truss with steel rods and diagonal wood bars in compression (wood tension joints are difficult) 7 Truss joist with steel web bars 8 Truss with gusset plates 9 Truss with twin chord and single web bars Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
14 Steel truss joints 1 Truss 2 Twin angles with gusset plate 3 Channels with gusset plate 4 Pipe with gusset plate 5 Welded tube joint Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
15 Steel truss joints 1 Twin angles with gusset plate 2 Welded tube joint 3 Welded pipe joint Note: Concentric truss joints avoid bending stress Eccentric joints caused collapse in the past Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
16 Steel truss joist Roof / floor Glass wall supported with truss joists Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
17 Space truss joint Mero The popular Mero joint provides concentric connections for space truss bars in any direction. Mero is an abbreviation of: The first 2 letters of Dr. Meneringhausen, the inventor and the first 2 letters of Rohr, German for pipe. A B C D E F Node Web bar Chord bar Roof support Wall support Joint support Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
18 trusses are cool Graphic truss analysis Copyright Prof Schierle
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