Introduction to Growth and Yield Models

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1 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models Introduction to Growth and Yield Models

2 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models TYPES OF GROWTH AND YIELD MODELS OR SIMULATORS Whole-Stand Whole-Stand/Diameter-Free Whole-Stand/Diameter-Function Whole-Stand/Diameter-Class Single-Tree/Distance-Independent Single-Tree/Distance-Dependent

3 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models TYPES OF GROWTH AND YIELD MODELS OR SIMULATORS Whole-Stand Whole-Stand/Diameter-Free Stand-level attributes: Basal area = f(site, age) Top height = g(site, age) Volume = h(site, age, basal area, top height)

4 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models Whole-stand model for Douglas-fir (Chambers 1980): CVTS = A S P A A P A S P = average breast height age of site trees = site index (50-yr base age) = Percent of normal or maximum basal area given A and S

5 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models TYPES OF GROWTH AND YIELD MODELS OR SIMULATORS Whole-Stand Whole-Stand/Diameter-Free Whole-Stand/Diameter-Function Whole-Stand/Diameter-Class Single-Tree/Distance-Independent Single-Tree/Distance-Dependent

6 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models Weibull distribution k=f(site, age, stand) λ=g(site, age, stand)

7 Trees per acre Growth, Yield, and Productivity Diameter distribution tpa within a diameter class Diameter class

8 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models TYPES OF GROWTH AND YIELD MODELS OR SIMULATORS Whole-Stand Whole-Stand/Diameter-Free Whole-Stand/Diameter-Function Whole-Stand/Diameter-Class Single-Tree/Distance-Independent Single-Tree/Distance-Dependent

9 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models Diameter distribution model does not require conformity to a smooth probability distribution; hence, more flexible (Analogous to stand table projection)

10 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models Estimate number of trees that: 1) Move to bigger diameter classes 2) Stay in diameter class 3) Succumb to mortality MORTALITY

11 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models SINGLE-TREE/DISTANCE-INDEPENDENT GROWTH AND YIELD MODELS Requires more input data to run than all whole-stand growth and yield models Uses a sample of the stand's actual diameters Can provide details on single trees such as their wood quality Applicable to even-aged, uneven-aged, pure species and mixed species stands Computationally more "expensive" to operate than all of the whole-stand growth and yield models They predict the development of even-aged, pure species stands better than whole stand/diameter-free growth and yield models

12 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models OREGON EXAMPLES FVS/PROGNOSIS ORGANON OTHER EXAMPLES CRYPTOS CACTOS

13 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models SINGLE-TREE/DISTANCE-DEPENDENT GROWTH AND YIELD MODELS Requires more input data to run than all other types of growth and yield models Uses a sample of the stand's actual diameters Can provide details on single trees such as their wood quality Applicable to even-aged, uneven-aged, pure species and mixed species stands Computationally the most "expensive" to operate than all other types of growth and yield models No proof that tree coordinates improve the capability to predict stand development

14 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models OREGON EXAMPLES NONE PUBLISHED OTHER EXAMPLES PTAEDA2 Loblolly pine FOREST Northern hardwoods TASS Douglas-fir, western hemlock, lodgepole pine

15 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models TASS : Tree and Stand Simulator

16 Introduction to Growth & Yield Models A KEY TO THE LITERATURE ON FOREST GROWTH AND YIELD IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST: PRESENT (David Hann 1993)

17 ORGANON example Plot 217 grown for 20 5-yr cycles (100 years) Output in Table 1 of Class Notes #08 O R G A N O N ORegon Growth ANalysis and projection system Growth & Yield Model for Southwest Oregon Mixed Conifer Forests SW OREGON VERSION, EDITION 9.0 by David W. Hann and Mark L. Hanus College of Forestry Oregon State University This model was funded by: Forestry Intensified Research (FIR) and the USDI BLM [ :55 AM ]

18 ORGANON example Run Defaults: 1. TRIPLING: No 2. DISPLAY MENUS: Yes 3. USE HEIGHT CALIB: Yes 4. USE HTCB CALIB: Yes 5. USE DIAM. GRO CALIB: Yes 6. LIMIT ON MAX. SDI: Yes 7. WOOD QUALITY OUTPUT: No 8. JUVENILE WOOD CORE: Age 9. PRINTER FORM FEED: Yes 10. TREE LIST OUTPUT: No 11. VOLUME EQUATIONS: OSU

19 ORGANON example Board Foot Defaults: 12. LOG TOP DIAM: 6. inches 13. TRIM ALLOWANCE: 8. inches 14. STUMP HEIGHT: 0.5 feet 15. LOG LENGTH: 32 feet 16. MIN LOG LENGTH: 8.0 feet Cubic Foot Defaults: 17. TOP DIAM: 0. inches 18. STUMP HEIGHT: 0.0 feet

20 ORGANON example CALIBRATION RATIOS USED FOR THIS RUN: HEIGHT/DIAM HTCB DIAM DOUGLAS-FIR GRAND/WHITE FIR PONDEROSA PINE SUGAR PINE INCENSE-CEDAR WESTERN HEMLOCK WEST. REDCEDAR PACIFIC YEW PACIFIC MADRONE CHINKAPIN TANOAK CANYON LIVE OAK BIGLEAF MAPLE ORE. WHITE OAK CAL. BLACK OAK RED ALDER PACIFIC DOGWOOD WILLOW

21 ORGANON example CALIBRATION RATIOS USED FOR THIS RUN: HEIGHT/DIAM HTCB DIAM DOUGLAS-FIR GRAND/WHITE FIR PONDEROSA PINE SUGAR PINE INCENSE-CEDAR

22 ORGANON example Table before first 5-yr growth cycle: Y I E L D T A B L E S SWO PLOT 217 Page 1 DATA FILE: plot217.out [ :55 AM ] ******************************************************************************* AT TREES/ CF SCRIB TREES/ CF SCRIB SPECIES YR ACRE BA VOL VOL ACRE BA VOL VOL ******************************************************************************* ========= ENDING ======= R E S I D U A L Y I E L D ====== 0-YR CHANGE ====== Doug Fir G/W Fir Other Con Hardwood TOTALS: TOTAL MAI: CONIFER MAI: QUADRATIC MEAN DIAMETER: 3.5 RELATIVE DENSITY INDEX: ESTIMATED % CROWN CLOSURE: 73.6 HEIGHT OF 40 LARGEST: 57.1

23 ORGANON example Table after first 5-yr growth cycle: ========= ENDING ======= R E S I D U A L Y I E L D ====== 5-YR CHANGE ====== Doug Fir G/W Fir Other Con Hardwood TOTALS: MORTALITY: Conifers MORTALITY: Hardwoods TOTAL MAI: PAI: CONIFER MAI: PAI: QUADRATIC MEAN DIAMETER: 4.7 RELATIVE DENSITY INDEX: ESTIMATED % CROWN CLOSURE: 82.9 HEIGHT OF 40 LARGEST: 70.5

24 ORGANON example Output tables for years 55 and 60 for plot 217

25 ORGANON example Output from an ORGANON run is shown in Table 1 in Class Notes #08. Example Calculations of 5-year Changes Between 55 and 60 Years Value Net 5-year Change Gross 5-year Change BA/Acre/5-Years = = 26.3 Trees/Acre/5-Yrs = Not Applicable CVTS/Acre/5-Yrs = =

26 ORGANON example Output from an ORGANON simulation:

27 ORGANON example Output from an ORGANON run is shown in Table 1 in Class Notes #08. Example Calculations of 5-year Changes Between 55 and 60 Years Value Net 5-year Change Gross 5-year Change BA/Acre/5-Years = = 26.3 Trees/Acre/5-Yrs = Not Applicable CVTS/Acre/5-Yrs = =

28 ORGANON example Example Calculations of PAI's at 57½ Years (i.e., between 55 and 60 Years) Value Net PAI Gross PAI BA/Acre/Year = = 5.26 CVTS/Acre/Year = = 367.5

29 ORGANON example Example Calculations of MAI's at 55 Years and at 60 Years Value Net MAI at 55 yrs Net MAI at 60 yrs ΔBA (ft 2 /ac/yr) = = 4.65 ΔCVTS (ft 3 /ac/yr) = =

30 ORGANON example 90 yrs 87.5 yrs 95 yrs 92.5 yrs

Cumulative net or gross growth Current annual increment (CAI) ORGANON example 4.5 4 3.5 Interpolation to biological rotation age for plot 217 214.

31 Cumulative net or gross growth Current annual increment (CAI) ORGANON example Interpolation to biological rotation age for plot X Biological rotation age = ~ 89 yrs? Stand age (years)

32 ORGANON example Example Determination of Rotation Age Maximum MAI of total stem cubic foot volume per acre is 210 ft 3 /ac/yr which occurs between the PAI at a total age of 87½ years and the PAI at a total age of 92½ years. Rotation Age = ( )[( )/( )] = (5) = = = 89 years X

33 Growth Models Introduction February 20, 2015

Regeneration / Young Stand Models

Regeneration / Young Stand Models Many of the standard growth and yield models that are currently in use start with stands that have passed the regeneration phase of development (i.e., they start with stands with ages of 15 or 20 years