DETAILED AVERAGE PRICES REPORT

Transcription

1 EUROPEAN COMMISSION EUROSTAT Directorate C: National Accounts, Prices and Key Indicators Unit C-4: Price statistics. Purchasing Power Parities. Housing statistics DETAILED AVERAGE PRICES REPORT October 2014 In 2014, Eurostat and the National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) have carried out the sixth project for the provision of data on price levels for a number of consumer goods and services. This is an extension to existing work on price statistics that includes the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) and Purchasing Power Parities (PPP). This project presents detailed average prices (DAP) for specific products as an additional set of price data. It is not a replacement for the measurement of inflation (HICP) or international price level comparisons (PPPs).

2 An analysis into the measurement of detailed average prices for consumer products 1. Introduction The Detailed Average Prices (DAP) project was developed in 2008 with the aim to supplement the existing price index statistics. The main reasons for DAP are the need of more detailed price level data for improved monitoring of Single Market policies and the understanding of how markets work. The results of the DAP are used in the Consumer Markets Scoreboard (CMS) 1. Apart from providing the values, this report explains how the DAP were compiled and can be interpreted. It should be noted that the resulting average prices should only be regarded as indicative price levels. The reasons for this are given below in the text. 2. Methods 2.1. HICP and PPP data The present report is based on price data collected in 2013 for a set of consumer products. The products were specified using a reduced version of the PPP standard product definitions. The HICP is a monthly inflation measure covering the European Union (EU) countries, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey. The HICP does not need to measure prices for each and every product. It suffices with a sample of product offers in each elementary aggregate. The product descriptions used for the HICP allow for some flexibility. Price collectors will, in general, select the same products in two consecutive months in order to optimise price comparisons over time. At detailed level, HICP data comparability across countries may be limited. Firstly, there will be many differences between the products that are selected due to differences in the sampling approaches adopted by the NSIs. Secondly, product definitions in the Member States may be a mix of tight and loose descriptions which can mean that the NSIs may collect different combination of products. Thirdly, the products for which prices are observed are not necessarily the most representative products in the market (after all the HICP should not only follow prices for market leaders). Moreover the comparability over time of price levels will be more limited than that of price indices. Resampling and replacements will result in the observation of differing products over time and there may be differences in actual outlet distribution in the successive samples. On the other hand, PPPs are based on a selection of products according to the same strict product description. Using PPP data would in principle give more comparability of product specifications across countries. However, in many cases these products are available and 1 The CMS was published annually from 2008 to The next edition of the CMS will be published in

3 observed only in part of the countries and only contribute to the price level comparisons among these countries. The PPP survey is only conducted once per three years because supplying PPP data more frequently would involve considerable additional costs. Moreover PPP data at present is limited to capital cities. Finally, the number of price quotes collected per product is low so, at the most detailed level, the existing PPP data set has not been considered sufficiently reliable for publication. In 2013, the NSIs in the EU Member States, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey were asked to provide DAP for a list of 198 products. These were selected because they were assumed to be both available and relevant (representative) in most countries. The product descriptions were based on recent PPP exercises. The choice of products was aimed at providing a wide variety of prices across product groups, including both goods and services. Product definition the example of TVs One difficult methodological choice is the description of the product, since product descriptions can be rather loose or rather tight. This can be best illustrated with the example of TVs. When defining the product television set, on the one hand, the price level can be defined as the average price of all kind of television sets. On the other hand, the product can be defined as a television set of a particular brand, having a number of characteristics; like screen-type, screen-size, or colour. When comparing prices for television sets across countries using the widest definition, the differences may be attributable to different characteristics of the devices. People in one country may spend small amounts buying small size televisions, while people in other countries may spend large amounts buying large HD-television sets. When comparing prices for television sets across countries using the tightest definition, the price difference for one specific television set does not imply that this price difference will occur for each type of television. The tighter the product description is, the smaller is the share of the market covered by the price. To have an overview of the market, it is necessary to compare the prices of more television set products. Also the television set compared has different relevance in every country. This relevance depends on consumer preferences, producers' market shares, and other factors. In the PPP project, tight product descriptions were developed. In HICP, looser product descriptions are used aiming at comparing the same products within one outlet over time, but allowing differences of products across outlets. In the DAP project, pragmatic choices were made, based on product descriptions used in PPP, which aims at comparability of products across countries. However, in many cases PPP product descriptions were loosened in order to improve market coverage. 3

4 2.2. The definition of price levels The results show indicative price levels within the scope of the definitions used. Therefore the results should be interpreted as indicative price levels for the product included; they do not represent official national average prices. The indicative price levels are the averages of prices measured in the outlets selected for price observations. In every Member State, the products have been selected following the procedures of its NSI. In many cases the most popular product types were measured, often in the most popular outlets. The prices collected may be affected by special offers and seasonal sales. Short term consumer responses to changing market circumstances do not influence the resulting average price. If a special offer in one outlet induces a large number of consumers to buy that product in that outlet, this will affect the average price paid by consumers but not the average of the price offers collected. Detailed price levels were in many countries computed using an unweighted arithmetic average of the price observations. In some countries regional price observations were weighed using e.g. regional population figures Currencies All prices were provided in national currencies by the NSIs. For comparability reasons, they were all converted to euro prices. The exchange rates used for the countries that have not adopted the euro and provided monthly data (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Latvia 2, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Switzerland and Turkey) are average annual rates as published by Eurostat for The exchange rates used for the country that have not adopted the euro and provided exclusively June data (United Kingdom) are average monthly rates as published by Eurostat for June The indicative prices may be influenced by short term fluctuations in exchange rates. The impact of the change in an exchange rate on the prices may depend on whether products were imported or produced locally, the tradability of products and other reasons. 2 Latvia adopted the euro on 1 January In 2013, when the prices were collected, the Latvian Lats was the currency used in Latvia. 4

5 Euro exchange rates, 2013 Average Annual Rate 2013 BGN Bulgarian Lev CZK Czech Koruna HRK Croatian Kuna LVL Latvian Lats LTL Lithuanian Litas HUF Hungarian Forint PLN Polish Zloty RON Romanian Leu CHF Swiss Franc TRY Turkish Lira Source: Eurostat (tec00033) Average June Rate 2013 GBP Pound Sterling Source: Eurostat (ert_bil_eur_m) 2.4. Available data There are prices that are not available for several reasons, including the following: Low consumption level of the product or even non-availability that implied the product was not part of the sample. The observed product was not according to the specifications. Some national statistical institutes were not willing to supply data for publication, for various reasons, including considering the results insufficiently comparable Package size In the product descriptions a quantity and a reference quantity are given. The quantity gives the range of packages that were allowed for price comparison. The reference quantity gives the quantity to which the price was rescaled, often price per kilogram or litre, in order to make prices comparable. Nevertheless, the size of the package is an important characteristic since prices per unit for a small package are usually higher than prices per unit for a large package. Although ideally packages of the same size should be compared, there are often differences between Member States. The reasons are different sizes as the usual package, price collector choice, etc Comparability of results There are several factors that influence price differences and limit the comparability of the results, including the following: One product cannot represent the full market in all countries for the consumption segments involved. This means that the average price of e.g., a loaf of white bread may not be indicative of the price level of bread in general in a given country. 5

6 Even if products are identical across countries, they may not have the same relevance for the consumers in the various countries. For example a product may be a market-leader in one, while at the same time being a niche product in another country. The positions of the selected products on national markets may differ across countries even within the limits of the product description used. For example there may be differences in market situations of table wines between wine producing countries and countries that do not produce wine themselves. The outlet structure across countries may be different. For example price differences across countries for ice-cream could be related to differences in market and outlet structure (locally produced or sold in supermarkets). The outlet distribution in the samples at the individual product level need not be representative for the distribution of outlets where the product is actually sold. If prices for a product are observed mainly in supermarkets, average prices may be different from prices observed in specialist stores or open markets. The samples may cover only price for some types of brands and exclude some other brand levels. If the selection of brand levels for the same products differs across countries, this will influence comparability. Even within the boundaries of the product descriptions, quality differences may exist to a varying degree. An example of a product where these differences are very important is clothing and footwear. It is very difficult to ensure that prices for clothing and footwear products of comparable quality are measured across countries or are even available on the market Comparability over time When comparing the indicative price levels results over time they should be interpreted with great care. Only the HICP should be considered as the measure for European consumer inflation. The price differences may come from various reasons other than inflation: The indicative price levels have been translated into euro price levels. Changes in currency exchange rates will affect the prices of countries that are not members of the European Monetary Union (EMU). It is not possible to indicate in successive publications what the impact of quality change (different product description over time) may have been on the development of indicative price levels. Differences across time in the distribution of outlets may influence the differences in the indicative price levels. 6

7 3. Results This is the sixth DAP project. The first four projects were performed using June prices in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, and the results were published in Eurostat s website. Since 2012, the countries have been asked to report monthly prices. Most of them reported monthly prices; six could only report June prices and seven countries did not provide any data: 2013 DAP Data 2013 DAP Data NSI Data NSI Data Belgium Monthly Data Bulgaria Monthly Data Czech Republic Monthly Data Denmark --- Germany Monthly Data Estonia June Data Ireland June Data Greece --- Spain June Data France --- Croatia Monthly Data Italy Monthly Data Cyprus Monthly Data Latvia Monthly Data Lithuania Monthly Data Luxembourg Monthly Data Hungary Monthly Data Malta Monthly Data Netherlands Monthly Data Austria June Data Poland Monthly Data Portugal --- Romania Monthly Data Slovenia Monthly Data Slovakia Monthly Data Finland June Data Sweden --- United Kingdom June Data Switzerland Monthly Data Iceland --- Norway --- Turkey Monthly Data Prices for 193 products are published compared to 66, 79, 87, 156 and 156 products published in the first five projects. In addition to the methodological reasons for price differences explained in Section 2.6, there may be many other reasons including: Differences in taxes and excises. Differences in labour costs, particularly for locally produced goods and services, in distribution costs, rents or other retailers' costs. Differences in the tradability of products or competition, or in the general price level. Out of the 198 products for which prices were requested from national statistical institutes, 193 are entered in this report. Five products are not published because very few countries were able to supply price level data according to the product description. In many cases, the prices for products with some differences in specification were provided. 7

8 If a country reported a price that corresponds to the product description as specified in the tables, the average price is entered into the table without further comment. If there are differences in the description that are considered as not too large, the price is entered into the table with a footnote specifying the difference. If the differences in product description are very significant, implying that the prices may not be broadly comparable, the price is not entered in the tables. The tables with observed price levels are on the next pages. The following table gives a summary of the results of the exercise. Number of products entered in the project, and results, by COICOP division Requested 1 Food and non-alcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages and tobacco Clothing and footwear Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels Furnishing, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house In publication Rejected Health Transports Communications Recreation and culture Education Restaurants and hotels Miscellaneous goods and services Total Further steps There is a strong need to define in more detail the conceptual framework for DAP and to assess to which extent these prices are comparable within and across countries. The concerns raised refer to issues such as the differences in the precise product definitions, the partly large coefficient of variation, the meaningfulness of the concept of average prices from a methodological point of view and the difficulties to derive the required information from the HICP collection of basic data. The conceptual definition of average price and the degree of precision of the product specifications used are discussed in this chapter Price definitions For defining an exact concept one could formulate three competing definitions at the detailed level: 1. Quantity-weighted; this is also called the unit value, where summation are over purchases of the specified product in all outlets over a given time period. This is a very clear concept which takes into account changing prices, even for different consumers. 8

9 2. Weighted (by anything else than quantity); in this case weighting of prices is by size or type of outlet. The size could be defined in various ways such as turnover, number of employees, floor/shelf space or something else. However this definition is still not quite complete since there will be different prices in the outlet for a product in any given time period. Therefore we must define an average price inside the outlet in the time period by unit value, a restriction to a special day/week or something else (simple averages over mid-days or mid-weeks of the months is a possibility). 3. Un-weighted; p = p N, where N is the total number of observations for a given j product. Again modifications so as to focus on certain days/weeks are possible. The quantity-weighted definition is the only one that is strict in the sense that it does not need any complementary specifications. It answers a clear and relevant question of how much consumers pay on average for a unit of a certain product. With access to scanner data this definition will also be operational. The two other definitions will in different ways answer the question of what prices consumers are on average offered regardless of how much they actually buy for this price. This definition relates more closely to the sampling practices used today, where outlets are usually sampled in a first stage. The economic meaning of the difference between the two concepts average price paid versus average price offered is not clear. But we note that the price paid is the easier concept to provide with a strict definition. Furthermore, PPP s follow offered prices (and without discounts) whereas HICPs are more ambiguous in this respect. Although the objective has been on what consumers actually pay HICPs have traditionally followed offered prices but with the advent of scanner data more and more focus is on average price paid Product specifications In another dimension one could look at product specifications, from tight to loose. Also here, let us consider three categories: Tight definitions so that there are no noticeable quality differences within the definition. Here brand and model will usually have to be included. For example Zeta Olive oil, extra virgin, bottle of one litre or Samsung 32 LED TV model UE32F4005. Semi-tight definitions such as those used at present for DAP. For example olive oil, extra virgin, bottle or tin, litre or flat panel LCD 32. Within such definitions there will be an element of quality variation which can be smaller or larger for different products. Loose, generic definition such as olive oil or TV. Within such definitions there will not only be quality variation but also essentially different functionalities. It should be noted that in current HICP practices semi-tight or loose product specifications are normally used in a first step. When the price collector chooses an item in the outlet, a tightly specified product offer is selected whose price is followed over time. But these specifications will typically vary between outlets so that a national average price using DAP specifications will be over many products of different quality. 9

10 PPP definitions are generally tight specifications, which will include brand if this is a relevant price determining characteristic. PPP average prices should be for more homogeneous specifications and show less variation than CPI derived average prices. However, for some comparison resistant or hard to define products such as clothing and furniture, this may not always be the case because the range of brands is too large and differs too much by country with local brands being typical in many countries. But PPPs will classify quality levels in an attempt at increasing comparability, given the often small samples. It is most probably for this reason that some NSIs prefer separate PPP-style collections for the provision of DAP The conceptualization The two dimensions can be combined into a 3x3 table: Conceptualization of average price Type of average Product specification Tight Semi-tight Loose Quantity-weighted Average price paid for constant quality product Average price paid for product of variable quality Average price paid for one unit in product group Outlet weighted Average price offered for constant quality product with actual purchasing patterns Average price offered for product of variable quality with actual purchasing patterns Average price offered for one unit in product group with actual purchasing patterns Un-weighted Average price offered for constant quality product for random purchasing behavior Average price offered for product of variable quality for random purchasing behavior Average price offered for one unit in product group for random purchasing behavior Which of these conceptualizations is relevant and interesting? Clearly the definition in the upper left-hand corner Average price paid for constant quality product is an interesting one. There is also an interesting interpretation of the upper right-hand corner Average price paid for one unit in product group, for example: How much did a consumer in country X on average pay for a TV in 2013? This question could have a bearing on issues related to standard of living in a country and what the population can afford or is willing to pay. It is more difficult to see which of the concepts related to semi-tight specifications would be of interest to an economist? It seems to depend on whether the specification itself refers to an interesting consumption segment. For example Smartphone (with camera and internet capability) or LCD TV (of a specified size) that allows all brands might be of interest. Although there will be significant quality variation, the basic functionality will be more or less the same so that average price paid could be of interest. In general, the concepts related to semi-tight specifications are more or less close to either the tight or the loose conceptualizations. Slightly simplified we could say that a semi-tight specification covers products with the same basic functionality but with quality differences 10

11 within the specification. In contrast, a loose specification is often so wide that even the basic functionality could differ and the concept of quality differences is rendered meaningless. 5. Conclusions Some conclusions following this project are as follows: There seem to be large differences between the samples of goods and services for which prices are collected in the Member States and these differences can to a large extent be explained by the fact that the national sample must be representative of the national market situation. Several countries, instead of building the compilation of DAP on the multipurpose price statistics approach, have started a separate survey in order to be able to supply DAP data. The long term goal of producing average prices for European countries could be based on data sets with transaction prices and quantities. The main reason is that the average price paid for constant quality product is the clearest and most rigorously defined concept of average. This concept requires a tightly specified product in combination with a quantityweighted average price. This objective could become applicable with scanner data. 11

12 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES Long-grain rice Wheat flour Cornflakes Loaf of white bread Type: long-grain, white rice Type: plain, white, all-purpose flour Quantity: g Made with: min. 90 % wheat (white flour) Quantity: g Quantity: g Reference quantity 1000 g Quantity: g Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity 1000 g Belgium 2.41 Belgium 1.00 Belgium 5.37 Belgium 2.76 Bulgaria 1.34 Bulgaria 0.56 Bulgaria ) Bulgaria ) Czech Republic 1.35 Czech Republic 0.51 Czech Republic 3.20 Czech Republic ) Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Estonia 1.31 Estonia : Estonia : Estonia : Ireland : Ireland : Ireland : Ireland 1.62 Spain ) Spain 0.77 Spain : Spain 2.79 Croatia 2.74 Croatia 0.75 Croatia 4.59 Croatia 1.64 Italy 2.50 Italy 0.78 Italy 6.01 Italy ) Cyprus 2.34 Cyprus 1.23 Cyprus 4.79 Cyprus 1.74 Latvia 1.27 Latvia 0.84 Latvia 3.12 Latvia 1.68 Lithuania 1.04 Lithuania 0.72 Lithuania ) Lithuania 1.61 Luxembourg 3.50 Luxembourg 1.03 Luxembourg 4.98 Luxembourg 3.88 Hungary 1.69 Hungary 0.56 Hungary ) 3) Hungary ) Malta 2.67 Malta 0.93 Malta 4.71 Malta 2.06 The Netherlands 2.09 The Netherlands 0.50 The Netherlands 3.54 The Netherlands 1.68 Austria 2.26 Austria 1.08 Austria 4.62 Austria 5.36 Poland ) Poland 0.58 Poland ) Poland ) Romania 1.32 Romania 0.74 Romania 4.00 Romania ) Slovenia 2.24 Slovenia 0.87 Slovenia ) Slovenia 1.85 Slovakia 1.66 Slovakia 0.50 Slovakia 3.55 Slovakia : Finland 2.38 Finland 0.71 Finland : Finland 3.96 United Kingdom ) United Kingdom ) United Kingdom : United Kingdom 2.05 Turkey 2.00 Turkey 0.88 Turkey 5.85 Turkey ) Long-grain and round-grain; white and brown rice 1) Flour, self raising. Quantity: 1.5 Kg 1) Quantity: g 1) Quantity: g 2) Quantity differs 2) Quantity: g 2) Wheat-rye bread 3) Basmati rice 3) Includes cornflakes and cereals 3) Not only loaf 4) Quantity differs 4) Quantity: 1 kg 5) Quantity: g 5) Inlcudes sliced and prepacked bread

13 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Pizza Pasta Minced beef Pork, cutlet ('escalope') Type: frozen Made with: hard wheat (durum), no eggs Meat content: 100 % beef Bones: without Garnish: Tomatoes, cheese, Quantity: g Condition: fresh (not frozen) Condition: fresh (not frozen) cooked ham or salami Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity 1000 g Quantity: g Reference quantity 500g Belgium 3.66 Belgium 1.68 Belgium Belgium Bulgaria 3.07 Bulgaria 2.01 Bulgaria : Bulgaria 4.29 Czech Republic 2.97 Czech Republic 1.27 Czech Republic ) Czech Republic : Germany 3.57 Germany : Germany : Germany 7.51 Estonia : Estonia : Estonia 6.95 Estonia : Ireland : Ireland 2.27 Ireland : Ireland : Croatia ) Croatia ) Croatia 7.38 Croatia 5.54 Italy ) Italy 1.51 Italy Italy 8.81 Cyprus 6.12 Cyprus 2.02 Cyprus 7.51 Cyprus 5.84 Latvia 2.96 Latvia 1.87 Latvia : Latvia 4.78 Lithuania 2.59 Lithuania 2.21 Lithuania 4.56 Lithuania 4.00 Luxembourg 4.00 Luxembourg 2.21 Luxembourg Luxembourg Hungary 2.55 Hungary 2.12 Hungary 8.17 Hungary 4.56 Malta 3.81 Malta 1.63 Malta ) Malta 5.51 The Netherlands 3.25 The Netherlands 1.93 The Netherlands 5.86 The Netherlands 9.21 Austria 4.14 Austria 3.42 Austria : Austria 9.42 Poland ) Poland : Poland ) Poland ) Romania 3.34 Romania 2.10 Romania 4.42 Romania 5.25 Slovenia ) Slovenia ) Slovenia ) Slovenia 6.16 Slovakia 3.32 Slovakia 2.41 Slovakia : Slovakia 4.72 Finland 4.00 Finland : Finland Finland : United Kingdom : United Kingdom 2.22 United Kingdom ) United Kingdom : Switzerland : Switzerland : Switzerland Switzerland Turkey : Turkey 0.93 Turkey 9.65 Turkey : 1) Garnish may differ 1) Not only without eggs 1) Beef and pork (approx %) 1) Shoulder 2) Quantity may differ 2) Frozen 3) Beef and pork. Quantity may differ 4) Best mince 13

14 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Pork, loin chop Whole chicken Chicken breast, fillets Sausage, Frankfurter/Wiener Condition: fresh (not frozen) Condition: fresh (not frozen) Condition: fresh (not frozen) Type: Frankfurter/Wiener Bones: with Head and feet: without Bones: without Made with: pork (mainly) Exclude: pork loin steak Reference quantity 1 kg Skin: without Condition: fresh and raw Reference quantity 1 kg Exclude: free range Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity 1 kg Belgium : Belgium 4.47 Belgium Belgium : Bulgaria 4.30 Bulgaria 2.68 Bulgaria 5.43 Bulgaria ) Czech Republic 4.61 Czech Republic 2.66 Czech Republic 5.78 Czech Republic ) Germany 6.44 Germany ) Germany : Germany : Estonia : Estonia 2.86 Estonia 6.07 Estonia : Ireland 8.54 Ireland 3.79 Ireland : Ireland : Spain : Spain ) Spain : Spain : Croatia 5.13 Croatia ) Croatia 7.72 Croatia ) Italy 7.37 Italy ) Italy 9.68 Italy 8.02 Cyprus : Cyprus 4.07 Cyprus Cyprus 8.06 Latvia : Latvia 2.55 Latvia 5.21 Latvia : Lithuania 3.83 Lithuania 2.54 Lithuania 4.77 Lithuania 4.52 Luxembourg 9.40 Luxembourg 5.80 Luxembourg Luxembourg Hungary 4.83 Hungary 2.71 Hungary 5.12 Hungary 5.54 Malta 6.66 Malta 3.02 Malta 7.30 Malta : The Netherlands 7.52 The Netherlands 4.74 The Netherlands 8.34 The Netherlands : Austria 6.45 Austria 5.21 Austria Austria : Poland 3.69 Poland 1.80 Poland 3.75 Poland : Romania 4.51 Romania 2.65 Romania 5.02 Romania 4.22 Slovenia 5.80 Slovenia 4.06 Slovenia 8.79 Slovenia 6.56 Slovakia 4.69 Slovakia 2.71 Slovakia 5.84 Slovakia 5.41 Finland : Finland : Finland Finland 7.99 United Kingdom : United Kingdom ) United Kingdom : United Kingdom : Switzerland : Switzerland : Switzerland : Switzerland Turkey : Turkey 2.36 Turkey 4.20 Turkey ) Frozen 1) % pork 2) With and without head and feet 2) Cooked and smoked 3) With and without feet 4) Whole or cut chicken 5) Fresh or frozen 14

15 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Sausage, salami type Salmon, steak Tinned pink tuna Fish fingers Type: salami type Condition: fresh (not frozen) Type: chunks in natural juice or in oil Condition: frozen Made with: pork (mainly) Quantity g Quantity g Fish other than cod Condition: dried or smoked Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity 1000 g/net Quantity g Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity 500 g Belgium Belgium ) Belgium Belgium 3.21 Bulgaria ) Bulgaria : Bulgaria 6.91 Bulgaria 2.61 Czech Republic ) Czech Republic Czech Republic Czech Republic : Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Estonia : Estonia : Estonia : Estonia 2.26 Croatia Croatia : Croatia Croatia 3.12 Italy Italy Italy Italy 4.67 Cyprus 7.77 Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus 5.13 Latvia : Latvia : Latvia : Latvia : Lithuania 9.54 Lithuania Lithuania : Lithuania 1.94 Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg 3.25 Hungary Hungary Hungary Hungary : Malta Malta Malta ) Malta ) The Netherlands The Netherlands : The Netherlands 9.34 The Netherlands 2.82 Austria Austria : Austria Austria 3.79 Poland 8.19 Poland : Poland 7.96 Poland ) Romania : Romania Romania : Romania : Slovenia Slovenia : Slovenia ) Slovenia : Slovakia 7.93 Slovakia : Slovakia : Slovakia : Finland Finland : Finland Finland : United Kingdom : United Kingdom ) 2) United Kingdom 9.13 United Kingdom : Turkey : Turkey 4.99 Turkey : Turkey : 1) Including g 1) Quantity: 1000 g 1) Quantity may differ 1) Some observations include cod 2) Raw and cold smoked 2) Fillet 2) Quantity approx. 80 g 2) Quantity may differ. May include cod 15

16 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Fresh milk, unskimmed Natural yoghurt Fruit yoghurt Cream cheese Type: fresh (pasteurised) Fat content in g/ml 2-5 Fat content in g/ml 2-5 Fat content: 40-60% Fat content in g/ml per 100 g/ml or %: per 100 g/ml or %: Type: cream cheese for spreading per 100 g/ml or %: Made with: unskimmed cow milk Made with: unskimmed cow milk Made with: cow milk Package type: non-returnable Quantity: g/ml Quantity: g/ml per cup Quantity: g Quantity: l Reference quantity 1000 g/ml Reference quantity 1000 g/ml Reference quantity 200 g Reference quantity 1 l Belgium : Belgium 2.96 Belgium ) Belgium 2.53 Bulgaria 1.00 Bulgaria 1.11 Bulgaria ) 3) Bulgaria ) Czech Republic 0.83 Czech Republic ) 2) Czech Republic ) Czech Republic 1.62 Germany : Germany : Germany ) Germany 1.23 Estonia : Estonia : Estonia 2.75 Estonia 1.24 Spain 0.78 Spain : Spain : Spain : Croatia 0.82 Croatia 1.61 Croatia 2.62 Croatia ) Italy ) Italy ) Italy ) 5) Italy ) Cyprus 1.33 Cyprus 4.18 Cyprus 9.06 Cyprus 2.48 Latvia 0.99 Latvia : Latvia 2.99 Latvia 1.17 Lithuania 0.85 Lithuania ) Lithuania 3.66 Lithuania 1.17 Luxembourg 1.33 Luxembourg 3.28 Luxembourg 4.07 Luxembourg 2.02 Hungary 0.79 Hungary ) 5) Hungary ) 6) Hungary ) Malta 0.83 Malta ) Malta 2.40 Malta 2.06 The Netherlands 0.91 The Netherlands 0.92 The Netherlands 3.43 The Netherlands 1.70 Austria 1.03 Austria : Austria 2.74 Austria 1.64 Poland 0.63 Poland ) Poland ) Poland 0.98 Romania 1.06 Romania 1.46 Romania 2.63 Romania 1.42 Slovenia 0.85 Slovenia ) Slovenia 2.25 Slovenia : Slovakia 0.90 Slovakia 1.67 Slovakia 2.42 Slovakia 1.72 Finland : Finland : Finland 1.99 Finland : United Kingdom ) United Kingdom : United Kingdom : United Kingdom : Switzerland 1.30 Switzerland 3.13 Switzerland 3.03 Switzerland : Turkey 0.93 Turkey 1.46 Turkey : Turkey ) Unskimmed, skimmed, high quality, 1) Fat content may differ 1) Made with skimmed cow milk 1) Fat content may differ with added vitamins or low lactose 2) Quantity: 150 g/ml 2) Quantity: g 2) Fat content: 25% 2) Quantity 2 l 3) Unskimmed or skimmed; may be with or without fruit 3) With or without fruit 4) Quantity: g/ml 4) Fat content may differ 5) Quantity: g/ml 5) Unskimmed or skimmed 6) Quantity less than 400 g/ml 6) Quantity g 7) Quantity differs 7) Quantity differs 8) Quantity less than or equal to 300 g 16

17 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Cheese, Camembert type Cheese, Gouda type Chicken eggs Butter Exclude: original Camembert from Note: sometimes known as Class: A Salted: no Normandy Holland cheese Quantity: 6-12 eggs Quantity: g Fat content % Type young Size: large (L) Reference quantity 250 g (in dry substance): Fat content 30-45% Reference quantity 10 eggs Made with: pasteurised milk (in dry substance): Quantity: g Made with: cow milk Reference quantity 1000 g Quantity: g Reference quantity 1000 g Belgium 7.16 Belgium 8.23 Belgium 2.51 Belgium 1.85 Bulgaria ) Bulgaria ) 2) Bulgaria 1.44 Bulgaria 2.09 Czech Republic 9.58 Czech Republic 7.25 Czech Republic 1.17 Czech Republic 1.48 Germany : Germany ) Germany : Germany 1.26 Estonia : Estonia : Estonia 1.40 Estonia : Spain : Spain : Spain ) Spain : Croatia : Croatia ) Croatia ) Croatia 2.25 Italy Italy Italy ) Italy 2.18 Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus 2.74 Cyprus 2.59 Latvia : Latvia : Latvia 1.44 Latvia 1.76 Lithuania ) Lithuania ) Lithuania ) Lithuania ) Luxembourg 7.96 Luxembourg Luxembourg 2.52 Luxembourg 2.02 Hungary ) Hungary : Hungary ) Hungary 1.95 Malta ) Malta ) Malta 1.76 Malta 2.35 The Netherlands 6.09 The Netherlands 6.55 The Netherlands 1.89 The Netherlands 1.19 Austria 9.01 Austria 7.99 Austria 2.83 Austria 1.64 Poland ) Poland ) Poland ) Poland 1.34 Romania Romania 7.94 Romania 1.49 Romania 2.06 Slovenia ) Slovenia ) Slovenia ) Slovenia 1.99 Slovakia 9.82 Slovakia 8.31 Slovakia 2.14 Slovakia 2.17 Finland : Finland : Finland : Finland 1.52 United Kingdom : United Kingdom : United Kingdom ) United Kingdom 1.75 Switzerland : Switzerland : Switzerland ) Switzerland 2.45 Turkey : Turkey : Turkey 1.16 Turkey ) Quantity: g 1) Fat content may differ 1) Size: all sizes 1) Quantity g 2) Quantity g 2) Quantity g 2) Size may differ 3) Fat content may differ. Quantity g 3) Quantity not only as specified 3) Size: M 4) Quantity less than 150 g 4) Quantity g 4) Size: L and M 5) Quantity differs 5) Quantity less than specified 5) Size and class not specified 6) Quantity not only as specified 6) Quantity differs 6) Include quantity: 1 egg 7) Country eggs 8) Free range 17

18 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Margarine Olive oil Vegetable oil Apples Made with: 100% vegetable oil and fat Type: extra virgin Type: for cooking Quality best Fat content 60-80% Package type: bottle or tin Package type: bottle Variety country typical Quantity: g Quantity: l Quantity: l Reference quantity 1 kg Reference quantity 250 g Reference quantity 1 l Reference quantity 1 l Belgium : Belgium 6.98 Belgium 2.20 Belgium 1.62 Bulgaria 0.72 Bulgaria ) Bulgaria 1.51 Bulgaria 0.93 Czech Republic 0.91 Czech Republic Czech Republic 1.65 Czech Republic 1.33 Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany 2.14 Estonia 0.69 Estonia : Estonia 2.39 Estonia 1.88 Spain : Spain ) Spain : Spain ) 2) Croatia 0.78 Croatia 9.10 Croatia 1.63 Croatia ) Italy 1.00 Italy 5.16 Italy 1.99 Italy ) 3) Cyprus 1.29 Cyprus 5.02 Cyprus 2.21 Cyprus 1.79 Latvia 0.83 Latvia 8.59 Latvia 2.31 Latvia 1.08 Lithuania 0.90 Lithuania 7.15 Lithuania 1.56 Lithuania 1.44 Luxembourg 0.86 Luxembourg 8.08 Luxembourg 3.63 Luxembourg 2.66 Hungary ) Hungary 8.96 Hungary 1.67 Hungary 0.92 Malta 1.11 Malta 6.56 Malta 1.73 Malta 1.92 The Netherlands 0.74 The Netherlands 5.11 The Netherlands 1.48 The Netherlands 2.00 Austria 1.08 Austria 8.55 Austria 3.67 Austria 2.05 Poland 0.61 Poland 8.89 Poland 1.64 Poland 0.70 Romania 0.74 Romania 8.26 Romania 1.75 Romania 0.99 Slovenia 0.86 Slovenia 9.75 Slovenia 2.03 Slovenia 1.42 Slovakia 0.72 Slovakia Slovakia 2.06 Slovakia 1.34 Finland : Finland : Finland 3.74 Finland 2.37 United Kingdom : United Kingdom : United Kingdom : United Kingdom 2.30 Turkey 0.59 Turkey 4.16 Turkey 2.43 Turkey ) Fat content not specified 1) Not only extra virgin 1) Not only country typical 2) All types 2) Any quality (extra, I, II and III) 3) Quality may differ 18

19 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Fresh bananas Canned fruit Fresh carrots Fresh tomatoes Quality best Type in own juice Quality: best Type: round tomatoes Exclude: fair trade fruits Quantity g Reference quantity 1 kg Quality: best Reference quantity 1 kg Reference quantity 1000 g/net Reference quantity: 1 kg Belgium 2.06 Belgium 2.75 Belgium 0.97 Belgium 1.93 Bulgaria 1.25 Bulgaria : Bulgaria 0.61 Bulgaria 1.02 Czech Republic 1.22 Czech Republic 1.84 Czech Republic 0.72 Czech Republic 1.43 Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Estonia 1.47 Estonia : Estonia 0.91 Estonia 1.39 Spain : Spain : Spain ) Spain : Croatia 1.21 Croatia : Croatia 1.07 Croatia 1.81 Italy ) Italy 4.11 Italy ) Italy ) Cyprus 1.22 Cyprus 3.02 Cyprus 1.09 Cyprus 1.29 Latvia 1.35 Latvia : Latvia 0.57 Latvia 1.73 Lithuania 1.20 Lithuania : Lithuania 0.55 Lithuania 1.40 Luxembourg 2.24 Luxembourg 2.83 Luxembourg 1.23 Luxembourg 2.07 Hungary 1.31 Hungary 1.98 Hungary ) Hungary 1.67 Malta 1.45 Malta 2.42 Malta 1.18 Malta 1.44 The Netherlands 1.73 The Netherlands 2.63 The Netherlands 1.03 The Netherlands 1.91 Austria 1.88 Austria : Austria 1.86 Austria 2.55 Poland 1.18 Poland 1.77 Poland 0.52 Poland 1.46 Romania 1.23 Romania 2.01 Romania 0.54 Romania 1.24 Slovenia 1.29 Slovenia ) Slovenia 1.24 Slovenia 1.81 Slovakia 1.33 Slovakia : Slovakia 0.79 Slovakia 1.68 Finland 1.72 Finland : Finland 2.14 Finland 2.10 United Kingdom : United Kingdom 2.27 United Kingdom 1.02 United Kingdom : Turkey 1.60 Turkey : Turkey 0.53 Turkey ) Quality may differ 1) Quantity: g 1) Any quality (extra, I, II and III) 1) Quality may differ 2) Quality may differ 3) Some observations: 500 g 19

20 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Potatoes Tinned sweet corn Frozen French fries Potato crisps Variety: country typical Brand: brandless Type: oven or friteuse Type: single pack Reference quantity: 1 kg Net weight: g Quantity: g Quantity: g Package type: sold loose Reference quantity: 500 g/net Reference quantity: 1000 g Reference quantity: 200 g Belgium 1.26 Belgium 1.60 Belgium 1.99 Belgium 1.19 Bulgaria ) Bulgaria 1.17 Bulgaria 1.47 Bulgaria 1.34 Czech Republic 0.65 Czech Republic : Czech Republic 1.35 Czech Republic 1.71 Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Estonia 0.47 Estonia : Estonia 2.24 Estonia : Spain ) 3) Spain : Spain : Spain : Croatia 0.70 Croatia 1.47 Croatia 1.76 Croatia ) Italy ) Italy 1.92 Italy ) Italy 1.66 Cyprus 0.76 Cyprus 1.39 Cyprus 2.59 Cyprus 1.51 Latvia 0.40 Latvia 1.26 Latvia 1.88 Latvia 1.61 Lithuania ) Lithuania 1.19 Lithuania 1.59 Lithuania 1.46 Luxembourg 1.39 Luxembourg 1.70 Luxembourg 1.52 Luxembourg 1.58 Hungary 0.65 Hungary 1.51 Hungary 1.78 Hungary ) Malta 0.74 Malta 1.39 Malta ) Malta ) The Netherlands ) The Netherlands : The Netherlands 1.23 The Netherlands 1.00 Austria 1.41 Austria : Austria 2.47 Austria 1.77 Poland 0.33 Poland 1.09 Poland ) Poland ) Romania 0.49 Romania 1.43 Romania 1.78 Romania 1.31 Slovenia 0.82 Slovenia 1.35 Slovenia 1.56 Slovenia 1.74 Slovakia 0.69 Slovakia 1.14 Slovakia 1.44 Slovakia 1.76 Finland 1.04 Finland : Finland 2.22 Finland 1.66 United Kingdom 1.15 United Kingdom : United Kingdom : United Kingdom : Switzerland 2.48 Switzerland : Switzerland : Switzerland : Turkey 0.53 Turkey : Turkey : Turkey ) Variety: domestic and imported 1) Chipped potatoes 1) 100 grams packages are also included 2) Not only country typical 2) Quantity may differ 2) Quantity: g 3) Not only sold loose 3) Quantity differs 4) Late and early grow 4) Quantity may differ 5) Packages of 1-5 kg. Sold loose not common 20

21 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) White sugar Jam Milk chocolate Chewing gum Type: fine, granulated Type: strawberry or apricot Quantity: g Type: pellets Quantity: approx g Package type: glass jar Reference quantity: 1000 g Flavour: any Reference quantity: 1000 g Fruit content: % Quantity: pellets Quantity: g Reference quantity: 1 package Reference quantity: 1000 g Belgium 1.04 Belgium 3.78 Belgium Belgium 0.94 Bulgaria 1.07 Bulgaria ) Bulgaria 7.22 Bulgaria 0.44 Czech Republic 0.93 Czech Republic 4.79 Czech Republic 8.51 Czech Republic 0.47 Germany 0.94 Germany : Germany : Germany : Estonia 1.06 Estonia : Estonia 9.87 Estonia 0.46 Ireland 1.35 Ireland : Ireland : Ireland : Spain ) Spain ) Spain : Spain : Croatia 0.89 Croatia : Croatia ) Croatia 0.60 Italy 1.15 Italy ) Italy ) Italy : Cyprus 1.32 Cyprus 4.50 Cyprus Cyprus 1.14 Latvia 1.14 Latvia : Latvia Latvia 0.46 Lithuania 1.12 Lithuania ) Lithuania 8.29 Lithuania 0.45 Luxembourg 1.27 Luxembourg 4.12 Luxembourg Luxembourg 0.88 Hungary 0.93 Hungary ) Hungary 8.85 Hungary 0.53 Malta 1.32 Malta 3.44 Malta Malta 0.77 The Netherlands 1.04 The Netherlands 3.60 The Netherlands 6.92 The Netherlands 0.50 Austria 1.20 Austria 4.99 Austria 9.58 Austria 0.84 Poland 0.86 Poland ) Poland 8.35 Poland ) Romania 1.08 Romania 3.56 Romania 8.04 Romania 0.46 Slovenia 1.08 Slovenia ) Slovenia 8.28 Slovenia 0.52 Slovakia 1.09 Slovakia 5.32 Slovakia 8.78 Slovakia 0.54 Finland 1.13 Finland 5.54 Finland Finland : United Kingdom 1.15 United Kingdom 3.18 United Kingdom : United Kingdom : Switzerland 0.97 Switzerland : Switzerland Switzerland : Turkey 1.28 Turkey 4.07 Turkey 8.71 Turkey ) Type: granulated and lumps. Brown sugar is allowed. 1) Type: may be other fruit 1) 80 grams packages are included 1) Quantity may differ 2) Quantity g 2) Milk or dark chocolate 3) Fruit content not specified 4) Quantity differs 5) Quantity: g 21

22 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Ice cream Baby food, meat base Tomato ketchup Mineral salt Package type: in carton or plastic Made with: meat, vegetable, Package type: bottle (glass or plastic) Type: fine table salt Quantity: ml rice or pasta Quantity: g (500 g = 440 ml) Quantity: g Reference quantity: 1000 ml Quantity: g Reference quantity: 1000 g Reference quantity: 1000 g Reference quantity: 500 g Belgium 3.55 Belgium : Belgium 2.96 Belgium 0.50 Bulgaria 2.47 Bulgaria 2.87 Bulgaria 1.24 Bulgaria 0.31 Czech Republic : Czech Republic 3.34 Czech Republic 2.14 Czech Republic 0.21 Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Estonia 2.71 Estonia : Estonia : Estonia 0.34 Croatia 3.36 Croatia 3.84 Croatia 2.30 Croatia 0.59 Italy ) Italy : Italy : Italy ) Cyprus 4.99 Cyprus 3.73 Cyprus 3.09 Cyprus : Latvia 2.47 Latvia 3.78 Latvia 1.52 Latvia 0.38 Lithuania 3.20 Lithuania 3.83 Lithuania 2.07 Lithuania 0.37 Luxembourg 4.84 Luxembourg 3.74 Luxembourg 2.76 Luxembourg 0.96 Hungary 3.74 Hungary 3.07 Hungary ) Hungary 0.31 Malta 2.53 Malta 4.58 Malta ) Malta ) The Netherlands 2.28 The Netherlands 2.46 The Netherlands 2.32 The Netherlands 0.52 Austria 3.24 Austria 2.94 Austria 2.43 Austria 0.77 Poland ) Poland ) Poland ) Poland 0.26 Romania : Romania 4.77 Romania 2.44 Romania 0.35 Slovenia 3.53 Slovenia 3.69 Slovenia 2.77 Slovenia 0.39 Slovakia 3.12 Slovakia 3.49 Slovakia 2.43 Slovakia 0.25 Finland 2.35 Finland : Finland 3.29 Finland : United Kingdom 2.77 United Kingdom : United Kingdom : United Kingdom : Turkey ) Turkey : Turkey 2.23 Turkey ) Quantity: 1000 g (500 g = 1000 ml) 1) Quantity may differ 1) Quantity g 1) Fine or coarse table salt 2) Quantity may differ 2) Quantity may differ 2) Smaller package sizes 3) Quantity differs 22

23 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Black pepper Coffee Black tea Cocoa instant drink Type: ground Type: roasted, blend Package type: in bags, bags Type: powder Package type: glass jar, metal or tin Ground: yes Quantity: approx. 2 g per bag Content: 18-35% cocoa dispenser Quantity: g Reference quantity 25 bags Quantity: g Quantity: g Reference quantity: 1000 g Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity: 100 g Belgium 6.62 Belgium Belgium 1.46 Belgium 3.21 Bulgaria ) Bulgaria 8.66 Bulgaria 1.32 Bulgaria 4.80 Czech Republic ) Czech Republic Czech Republic 1.11 Czech Republic : Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Estonia : Estonia : Estonia 1.22 Estonia : Spain : Spain ) Spain : Spain : Croatia ) Croatia ) Croatia : Croatia 6.96 Italy 3.84 Italy Italy 1.44 Italy : Cyprus 3.96 Cyprus Cyprus 1.64 Cyprus 7.13 Latvia 3.04 Latvia Latvia 1.60 Latvia : Lithuania 3.06 Lithuania Lithuania 1.34 Lithuania 5.59 Luxembourg 5.20 Luxembourg Luxembourg 1.84 Luxembourg 6.37 Hungary ) Hungary 9.00 Hungary 1.17 Hungary : Malta 1.90 Malta ) Malta ) Malta ) The Netherlands 2.16 The Netherlands 8.74 The Netherlands 1.07 The Netherlands : Austria : Austria : Austria 2.22 Austria 5.43 Poland ) Poland 9.98 Poland 1.38 Poland : Romania 2.40 Romania Romania : Romania 5.29 Slovenia ) Slovenia ) Slovenia : Slovenia 5.17 Slovakia : Slovakia Slovakia 1.04 Slovakia 7.15 Finland : Finland 7.16 Finland : Finland 7.54 United Kingdom : United Kingdom United Kingdom : United Kingdom : Turkey 1.69 Turkey Turkey : Turkey : 1) Package type: glass or plastic 1) Decaffeinated coffee is allowed. Ground or not 1) Package size differs 1) Smaller package sizes 2) Quantity: g 2) Package weight may be less than 200 g (175 g included) 3) Package type: sachet 3) Instant coffee not roasted 4) Quantity: 20 g 4) Quantity: 100 g 5) Type: not ground. Different quantity 6) Smaller quantity 23

24 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Mineral water, carbonated Mineral water, still Carbonated drink, orange flavoured Orange juice Type: carbonated Type: still Package type: bottle (glass or plastic) Type: 100 % pure, no sugar added Package type: bottle (glass or plastic) Package type: bottle (glass or plastic) Quantity: l Package type: carton Quantity: 1-2 l Quantity: 1-2 l Reference quantity 1 l Quantity: 1 l Reference quantity 1 l Reference quantity 1 l Reference quantity: 1 l Belgium 0.48 Belgium 0.49 Belgium : Belgium 1.39 Bulgaria 0.29 Bulgaria 0.22 Bulgaria 0.43 Bulgaria ) Czech Republic 0.34 Czech Republic : Czech Republic 0.71 Czech Republic 1.31 Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Estonia : Estonia : Estonia : Estonia 1.17 Spain : Spain : Spain : Spain ) 3) Croatia 0.44 Croatia 0.44 Croatia 0.76 Croatia ) Italy ) Italy ) Italy 0.75 Italy : Cyprus 0.74 Cyprus 0.34 Cyprus 1.22 Cyprus 1.26 Latvia 0.38 Latvia 0.40 Latvia 0.72 Latvia 1.31 Lithuania 0.38 Lithuania 0.38 Lithuania 0.65 Lithuania 1.43 Luxembourg 0.70 Luxembourg 0.41 Luxembourg 0.90 Luxembourg 1.31 Hungary 0.23 Hungary 0.23 Hungary : Hungary 1.40 Malta 0.76 Malta 0.32 Malta 0.79 Malta 1.30 The Netherlands 0.40 The Netherlands 0.42 The Netherlands 0.83 The Netherlands 1.22 Austria 0.34 Austria : Austria 0.83 Austria 1.35 Poland 0.31 Poland 0.31 Poland ) Poland 1.09 Romania 0.31 Romania 0.28 Romania 0.54 Romania 1.46 Slovenia 0.40 Slovenia 0.31 Slovenia ) Slovenia ) 2) Slovakia 0.35 Slovakia 0.37 Slovakia 0.64 Slovakia 1.53 Finland 1.27 Finland : Finland : Finland 1.22 United Kingdom : United Kingdom : United Kingdom : United Kingdom ) Switzerland : Switzerland 0.43 Switzerland : Switzerland : Turkey 0.83 Turkey 0.37 Turkey : Turkey ) Still or carbonated 1) Still or carbonated 1) Quantity may differ 1) Not 100% pure 2) Any kind of flavour 2) Not only orange juice 3) Package type: not only carton 4) Type may differ 5) Fresh/chilled orange juice 24