DETAILED AVERAGE PRICES REPORT

Transcription

1 EUROPEAN COMMISSION EUROSTAT Directorate C: National Accounts, Prices and Key Indicators Unit C-4: Price statistics. Purchasing Power Parities. Housing statistics DETAILED AVERAGE PRICES REPORT August 2016 In 2016, Eurostat and the National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) have carried out the eighth and final project for the provision of data on price levels for a number of consumer goods and services. This is an extension to existing work on price statistics that includes the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) and Purchasing Power Parities (PPP). This project presents detailed average prices (DAP) for specific products as an additional set of price data. It is not a replacement for the measurement of inflation (HICP) or international price level comparisons (PPPs).

2 An analysis into the measurement of detailed average prices for consumer products 1. Introduction The Detailed Average Prices (DAP) project was developed in 2008 with the aim to supplement the existing price index statistics. The results of the DAP are used in the Consumer Markets Scoreboard (CMS) 1. Apart from providing the values, this report explains how the DAP were compiled and can be interpreted. It should be noted that the resulting average prices should only be regarded as indicative price levels. The reasons for this are given below in the text. 2. Methods 2.1. Product definition The present report is based on price data collected in 2015 for a set of consumer products. The products were specified using a reduced version of the PPP standard product definitions. In 2015, the NSIs in the EU Member States, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey were asked to provide DAP for a list of 193 products. These were selected because they were assumed to be both available and relevant (representative) in most countries. The product descriptions were based on recent PPP exercises. The choice of products was aimed at providing a wide variety of prices across product groups, including both goods and services. Product definition the example of TVs One difficult methodological choice is the description of the product, since product descriptions can be rather loose or rather tight. This can be best illustrated with the example of TVs. When defining the product television set, on the one hand, the price level can be defined as the average price of all kind of television sets. On the other hand, the product can be defined as a television set of a particular brand, having a number of characteristics; like screen-type, screen-size, or colour. When comparing prices for television sets across countries using the widest definition, the differences may be attributable to different characteristics of the devices. People in one country may spend small amounts buying small size televisions, while people in other countries may spend large amounts buying large HD-television sets. When comparing prices for television sets across countries using the tightest definition, the price difference for one specific television set does not imply that this price difference will occur for each 1) The CMS was published annually from 2008 to 2012, and every second year since then. The last edition of the CMS was published in

3 type of television. The tighter the product description is, the smaller is the share of the market covered by the price. To have an overview of the market, it is necessary to compare the prices of more television set products. Also the television set compared has different relevance in every country. This relevance depends on consumer preferences, producers' market shares, and other factors. In the PPP project, tight product descriptions were developed. In HICP, looser product descriptions are used aiming at comparing the same products within one outlet over time, but allowing differences of products across outlets. In the DAP project, pragmatic choices were made, based on product descriptions used in PPP, which aims at comparability of products across countries. However, in many cases PPP product descriptions were loosened in order to improve market coverage The definition of price levels The results show indicative price levels within the scope of the definitions used. Therefore the results should be interpreted as indicative price levels for the product included; they do not represent official national average prices. The indicative price levels are the averages of prices measured in the outlets selected for price observations. In every Member State, the products have been selected following the procedures of its NSI. In many cases the most popular product types were measured, often in the most popular outlets. The prices collected may be affected by special offers and seasonal sales. Short term consumer responses to changing market circumstances do not influence the resulting average price. If a special offer in one outlet induces a large number of consumers to buy that product in that outlet, this will affect the average price paid by consumers but not the average of the price offers collected. Detailed price levels were in many countries computed using an unweighted arithmetic average of the price observations. In some countries regional price observations were weighed using e.g. regional population figures Currencies All prices were provided in national currencies by the NSIs. For comparability reasons, they were all converted to euro prices. The exchange rates used for the countries that have not adopted the euro and provided monthly data (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Turkey) are average annual rates as published by Eurostat for The exchange rate used for the only country that does not use the euro and provided exclusively June data (Norway) is the average monthly rate as published by Eurostat for June The indicative prices may be influenced by short term fluctuations in exchange rates. The impact of the change in an exchange rate on the prices may depend on whether products were imported or produced locally, the tradability of products and other reasons. 3

4 Euro exchange rates, 2015 Average Annual Rate 2015 BGN Bulgarian Lev CZK Czech Koruna HRK Croatian Kuna HUF Hungarian Forint PLN Polish Zloty RON Romanian Leu TRY Turkish Lira Source: Eurostat (tec00033) Average June Rate 2015 NOK Norwegian Krone Source: Eurostat (ert_bil_eur_m) 2.4. Available data There are prices that are not available for several reasons, including the following: Low consumption level of the product or even non-availability that implied the product was not part of the sample. The observed product was not according to the specifications. Some national statistical institutes were not willing to supply data for publication, for various reasons, including considering the results insufficiently comparable Package size In the product descriptions a quantity and a reference quantity are given. The quantity gives the range of packages that were allowed for price comparison. The reference quantity gives the quantity to which the price was rescaled, often price per kilogram or litre, in order to make prices comparable. Nevertheless, the size of the package is an important characteristic since prices per unit for a small package are usually higher than prices per unit for a large package. Although ideally packages of the same size should be compared, there are often differences between Member States. The reasons are different sizes as the usual package, price collector choice, etc Comparability of results There are several factors that influence price differences and limit the comparability of the results, including the following: One product cannot represent the full market in all countries for the consumption segments involved. This means that the average price of e.g., a loaf of white bread may not be indicative of the price level of bread in general in a given country. Even if products are identical across countries, they may not have the same relevance for the consumers in the various countries. For example a product may be a market-leader in one, while at the same time being a niche product in another country. 4

5 The positions of the selected products on national markets may differ across countries even within the limits of the product description used. For example there may be differences in market situations of table wines between wine producing countries and countries that do not produce wine themselves. The outlet structure across countries may be different. For example price differences across countries for ice-cream could be related to differences in market and outlet structure (locally produced or sold in supermarkets). The outlet distribution in the samples at the individual product level need not be representative for the distribution of outlets where the product is actually sold. If prices for a product are observed mainly in supermarkets, average prices may be different from prices observed in specialist stores or open markets. The samples may cover only price for some types of brands and exclude some other brand levels. If the selection of brand levels for the same products differs across countries, this will influence comparability. Even within the boundaries of the product descriptions, quality differences may exist to a varying degree. An example of a product where these differences are very important is clothing and footwear. It is very difficult to ensure that prices for clothing and footwear products of comparable quality are measured across countries or are even available on the market Comparability over time When comparing the indicative price levels results over time they should be interpreted with great care. Only the HICP should be considered as the measure for European consumer inflation. The price differences may come from various reasons other than inflation: 3. Results The indicative price levels have been translated into euro price levels. Changes in currency exchange rates will affect the prices of countries that are not members of the euro area. It is not possible to indicate in successive publications what the impact of quality change (different product description over time) may have been on the development of indicative price levels. Differences across time in the distribution of outlets may influence the differences in the indicative price levels. This is the eighth and final DAP project. The average prices have been published on Eurostat s website. In the first four projects ( ) countries reported June prices. Since 2012, the countries have been asked to report monthly prices. In 2015, fifteen countries reported monthly prices, three countries could only report June prices, and fourteen countries did not provide any data: 5

6 2015 DAP Data 2015 DAP Data NSI Data NSI Data Belgium --- Bulgaria Monthly Data Czech Republic Monthly Data Denmark --- Germany Monthly Data Estonia --- Ireland --- Greece --- Spain June Data France --- Croatia Monthly Data Italy Monthly Data Cyprus Monthly Data Latvia --- Lithuania Monthly Data Luxembourg --- Hungary Monthly Data Malta Monthly Data Netherlands Monthly Data Austria --- Poland Monthly Data Portugal --- Romania Monthly Data Slovenia Monthly Data Slovakia Monthly Data Finland June Data Sweden --- United Kingdom --- Switzerland --- Iceland --- Norway June Data Turkey Monthly Data Prices for 190 products are published compared to 66, 79, 87, 156, 156, 193 and 192 products published in the first seven projects. In addition to the methodological reasons for price differences explained in Section 2.6, there may be many other reasons including: Differences in taxes and excises. Differences in labour costs, particularly for locally produced goods and services, in distribution costs, rents or other retailers' costs. Differences in the tradability of products or competition, or in the general price level. Out of the 193 products for which prices were requested from national statistical institutes, 190 are entered in this report. Three products are not published because very few countries were able to supply price level data according to the product description. In many cases, the prices for products with some differences in specification were provided. If a country reported a price that corresponds to the product description as specified in the tables, the average price is entered into the table without further comment. If there are differences in the description that are considered as not too large, the price is entered into the table with a footnote specifying the difference. If the differences in product description are very significant, implying that the prices may not be broadly comparable, the price is not entered in the tables.

7 The tables with observed price levels are on the next pages. The following table gives a summary of the results of the exercise. Number of products entered in the project, and results, by COICOP division Requested 1 Food and non-alcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages and tobacco Clothing and footwear Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels Furnishing, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house In publication Rejected Health Transports Communications Recreation and culture Education Restaurants and hotels Miscellaneous goods and services Conclusions after eight rounds of DAP Total One of the reasons to establish and develop the DAP project was the goal of a major integration of the HICP and PPPs, trying to deliver more detailed consumer prices data without risking the quality of the HICP and PPPs. The product descriptions in the project were based on product specifications used in PPP surveys but less detailed, while the price collection was meant to utilize the timeliness and frequency of HICP data collection. However, based on several reports completed by countries taking part in the DAP project, the integration between HICP and PPP in the context of product specification and data collection is not realistic in the near future. In the context of a policy review, the main user of DAP DG JUST, in charge of the Consumer Markets Scoreboard has conducted an analysis on price disparity in EU28 using PPP-PLIs (price level indices) in order to assess whether it would be possible to do without DAP in the future. The conclusion is that valid analyses can be performed using essentially PPP-PLIs data at different aggregation levels. In that sense, alternatives other than the DAP project are available for the analysis of price dispersion/price convergence. Considering the limitations of the comparability of the results (see 2.6 and 2.7), the existence of other data alternatives for the main user of DAP and the slow decrease of the number of countries taking part in the project, it was decided that this would be the last exercise and the project will be discontinued in the future. 7

8 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES Long-grain rice Wheat flour Cornflakes Loaf of white bread Type: long-grain, white rice Type: plain, white, all-purpose flour Quantity: g Made with: min. 90 % wheat (white flour) Quantity: g Quantity: g Reference quantity 1000 g Quantity: g Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity 1000 g Bulgaria : Bulgaria 0.55 Bulgaria ) Bulgaria 0.69 Czech Republic 1.32 Czech Republic 0.46 Czech Republic 3.20 Czech Republic ) Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Spain ) Spain 0.77 Spain : Spain 2.79 Croatia 3.02 Croatia 0.75 Croatia 4.62 Croatia 1.59 Italy 2.59 Italy 0.74 Italy 5.89 Italy ) Cyprus 2.26 Cyprus 1.19 Cyprus 4.83 Cyprus 2.07 Lithuania 1.02 Lithuania 0.69 Lithuania ) Lithuania 1.60 Hungary 1.45 Hungary 0.43 Hungary ) Hungary 0.87 Malta ) Malta 0.93 Malta 5.01 Malta ) The Netherlands 2.31 The Netherlands 0.53 The Netherlands 3.68 The Netherlands 1.59 Poland ) Poland 0.56 Poland ) Poland ) Romania 1.29 Romania 0.62 Romania : Romania ) Slovenia 2.14 Slovenia 0.74 Slovenia ) Slovenia 1.66 Slovakia 1.49 Slovakia 0.46 Slovakia 3.65 Slovakia : Finland 2.41 Finland 0.67 Finland : Finland 3.84 Norway 3.73 Norway 1.60 Norway 2.67 Norway 2.18 Turkey 2.52 Turkey 0.92 Turkey 5.60 Turkey ) Includes long-grain and round-grain, white and brown rice 1) Quantity: g 1) Wheat-rye bread 2) Quantity: smaller package size 2) Quantity: 375 g 2) Not only loaf; the most sold type included 3) Quantity differs 3) Quantity: g. Includes cornflakes and cereals 3) Quantity may differ 4) Quantity differs 4) Includes sliced and prepacked bread 5) Quantity: g 8

9 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Pizza Pasta Minced beef Pork, cutlet ('escalope') Type: frozen Made with: hard wheat (durum), no eggs Meat content: 100 % beef Bones: without Garnish: Tomatoes, cheese, Quantity: g Condition: fresh (not frozen) Condition: fresh (not frozen) cooked ham or salami Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity 1000 g Quantity: g Reference quantity 500g Bulgaria : Bulgaria 2.05 Bulgaria : Bulgaria 3.78 Czech Republic 3.15 Czech Republic 1.28 Czech Republic ) Czech Republic : Germany 3.69 Germany : Germany 7.45 Germany : Croatia ) Croatia ) Croatia 7.16 Croatia 5.07 Italy ) Italy 1.51 Italy Italy 8.63 Cyprus 5.57 Cyprus 2.07 Cyprus 7.48 Cyprus 5.61 Lithuania 2.75 Lithuania 2.24 Lithuania 4.31 Lithuania 3.61 Hungary ) Hungary 2.07 Hungary 7.62 Hungary 4.18 Malta ) Malta 1.64 Malta ) Malta 5.52 The Netherlands 3.42 The Netherlands 1.98 The Netherlands 5.90 The Netherlands 9.19 Poland ) Poland : Poland ) Poland ) Romania 3.18 Romania 1.82 Romania 4.13 Romania 4.62 Slovenia ) 4) Slovenia ) Slovenia ) Slovenia 6.06 Slovakia 3.44 Slovakia 2.43 Slovakia : Slovakia 4.32 Finland 4.08 Finland : Finland Finland : Norway 4.73 Norway 5.07 Norway Norway Turkey : Turkey 0.98 Turkey : Turkey : 1) Garnish may differ 1) Not only without eggs 1) Beef and pork (approx. 50/50%) 1) Pork: shoulder 2) Quantity: g 2) Frozen 3) Quantity may differ 3) Beef and pork. Quantity may differ 4) Quantity: g 9

10 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Pork, loin chop Whole chicken Chicken breast, fillets Sausage, Frankfurter/Wiener Condition: fresh (not frozen) Condition: fresh (not frozen) Condition: fresh (not frozen) Type: Frankfurter/Wiener Bones: with Head and feet: without Bones: without Made with: pork (mainly) Exclude: pork loin steak Reference quantity 1 kg Skin: without Condition: fresh and raw Reference quantity 1 kg Exclude: free range Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity 1 kg Bulgaria 3.82 Bulgaria 2.51 Bulgaria 5.12 Bulgaria : Czech Republic 4.25 Czech Republic 2.54 Czech Republic 5.51 Czech Republic ) Germany : Germany ) Germany : Germany : Spain : Spain ) Spain : Spain : Croatia 4.78 Croatia ) Croatia 7.35 Croatia ) Italy 7.22 Italy ) Italy 9.66 Italy 8.00 Cyprus : Cyprus 3.81 Cyprus 9.03 Cyprus 7.19 Lithuania 3.71 Lithuania 2.36 Lithuania 4.69 Lithuania 4.29 Hungary 4.51 Hungary 2.55 Hungary 4.78 Hungary 5.21 Malta 6.84 Malta 3.09 Malta 7.26 Malta : The Netherlands 7.93 The Netherlands 4.86 The Netherlands 9.05 The Netherlands : Poland 3.34 Poland 1.67 Poland 3.67 Poland 3.32 Romania 3.91 Romania 2.27 Romania 4.63 Romania 3.90 Slovenia 5.87 Slovenia 3.58 Slovenia 7.92 Slovenia 6.49 Slovakia 4.19 Slovakia 2.49 Slovakia 5.51 Slovakia 5.52 Finland : Finland : Finland Finland 7.07 Norway 9.93 Norway 5.61 Norway Norway 9.91 Turkey : Turkey 2.10 Turkey 3.75 Turkey : 1) Frozen 1) Cooked and smoked 2) With and without head and feet 2) % pork 3) With and without feet 4) Whole or cut chicken 10

11 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Sausage, salami type Salmon, steak Tinned pink tuna Fish fingers Type: salami type Condition: fresh (not frozen) Type: chunks in natural juice or in oil Condition: frozen Made with: pork (mainly) Quantity g Quantity g Fish other than cod Condition: dried or smoked Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity 1000 g/net Quantity g Reference quantity 1000 g Reference quantity 500 g Bulgaria : Bulgaria : Bulgaria : Bulgaria : Czech Republic ) Czech Republic Czech Republic Czech Republic : Germany ) Germany : Germany : Germany : Croatia Croatia : Croatia Croatia 3.10 Italy Italy Italy : Italy 4.56 Cyprus 6.83 Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus 5.76 Lithuania 9.55 Lithuania Lithuania : Lithuania 2.07 Hungary Hungary Hungary Hungary : Malta Malta Malta ) Malta ) The Netherlands The Netherlands : The Netherlands 7.45 The Netherlands 3.21 Poland 7.77 Poland ) Poland 8.01 Poland ) 2) Romania : Romania Romania : Romania : Slovenia Slovenia Slovenia Slovenia 2.58 Slovakia 7.38 Slovakia : Slovakia : Slovakia : Finland Finland : Finland Finland : Norway Norway : Norway : Norway 5.07 Turkey : Turkey 5.51 Turkey : Turkey : 1) Raw and cold smoked 1) Quantity may differ 1) Quantity may differ 1) Some observations include cod 2) Sold loose 2) Quantity may differ 11

12 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Fresh milk, unskimmed Natural yoghurt Fruit yoghurt Cream cheese Type: fresh (pasteurised) Fat content in g/ml 2-5 Fat content in g/ml 2-5 Fat content: 40-60% Fat content in g/ml per 100 g/ml or %: per 100 g/ml or %: Type: cream cheese for spreading per 100 g/ml or %: Made with: unskimmed cow milk Made with: unskimmed cow milk Made with: cow milk Package type: non-returnable Quantity: g/ml Quantity: g/ml per cup Quantity: g Quantity: l Reference quantity 1000 g/ml Reference quantity 1000 g/ml Reference quantity 200 g Reference quantity 1 l Bulgaria 1.06 Bulgaria 1.13 Bulgaria : Bulgaria : Czech Republic 0.77 Czech Republic ) 2) Czech Republic ) Czech Republic 1.62 Germany : Germany 1.97 Germany ) Germany 1.30 Spain 0.78 Spain : Spain : Spain : Croatia 0.81 Croatia 1.59 Croatia 2.64 Croatia ) Italy ) Italy ) Italy ) Italy ) Cyprus 1.32 Cyprus 4.22 Cyprus 9.94 Cyprus 2.49 Lithuania 0.82 Lithuania 3.00 Lithuania 3.93 Lithuania 1.14 Hungary 0.74 Hungary ) 4) Hungary ) Hungary ) Malta 0.83 Malta ) Malta 3.47 Malta 2.03 The Netherlands 0.93 The Netherlands 0.89 The Netherlands 3.74 The Netherlands 1.81 Poland 0.63 Poland ) Poland ) Poland 1.00 Romania 1.02 Romania 1.36 Romania 2.56 Romania 1.39 Slovenia 0.88 Slovenia 1.53 Slovenia 2.35 Slovenia 1.65 Slovakia 0.92 Slovakia 1.81 Slovakia 2.45 Slovakia 1.72 Finland : Finland : Finland 1.86 Finland : Norway 1.87 Norway 3.84 Norway Norway 3.70 Turkey 0.93 Turkey 1.40 Turkey : Turkey ) Unskimmed and skimmed 1) Fat content may differ 1) Fat content may differ 1) Fat content may differ 2) Quantity: 150 g/ml 2) Unskimmed or skimmed; with or without fruits 2) Crescenza cheese. Fat content: 25% 3) Unskimmed or skimmed; with or without fruits 3) Quantity may differ 4) Quantity: g/ml 5) Quantity less than 400 g/ml 6) Quantity differs 12

13 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Cheese, Camembert type Cheese, Gouda type Chicken eggs Butter Exclude: original Camembert from Note: sometimes known as Class: A Salted: no Normandy Holland cheese Quantity: 6-12 eggs Quantity: g Fat content % Type young Size: large (L) Reference quantity 250 g (in dry substance): Fat content 30-45% Reference quantity 10 eggs Made with: pasteurised milk (in dry substance): Quantity: g Made with: cow milk Reference quantity 1000 g Quantity: g Reference quantity 1000 g Bulgaria : Bulgaria : Bulgaria 1.37 Bulgaria 2.18 Czech Republic Czech Republic 6.60 Czech Republic 1.14 Czech Republic 1.42 Germany : Germany ) Germany : Germany : Spain : Spain : Spain ) Spain : Croatia : Croatia ) Croatia ) Croatia 2.14 Italy Italy Italy ) Italy 2.19 Cyprus : Cyprus Cyprus 2.45 Cyprus 2.60 Lithuania Lithuania 6.81 Lithuania 1.21 Lithuania 1.67 Hungary ) 2) Hungary : Hungary ) 5) Hungary 2.00 Malta ) Malta ) Malta 1.78 Malta ) The Netherlands 6.83 The Netherlands 6.88 The Netherlands 1.96 The Netherlands 1.28 Poland ) Poland ) Poland ) Poland 1.23 Romania : Romania 7.71 Romania 1.45 Romania 1.99 Slovenia ) Slovenia ) Slovenia ) Slovenia 1.93 Slovakia 9.79 Slovakia 7.80 Slovakia 1.79 Slovakia 2.01 Finland : Finland : Finland : Finland 1.24 Norway Norway Norway 4.09 Norway 2.81 Turkey : Turkey : Turkey ) Turkey ) Fat content may differ 1) Fat content may differ 1) Size: all sizes 1) Quantity may differ 2) Quantity: g 2) Quantity may differ 2) Size may differ 3) Quantity less than 150 g 3) Quantity less than specified 3) Size: M 4) Quantity may differ 4) Quantity: 1000 g 4) Size: M and L 5) Class not specified 6) Include quantity: 1 egg 7) Quantity: 1 egg 13

14 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Margarine Olive oil Vegetable oil Apples Made with: 100% vegetable oil and fat Type: extra virgin Type: for cooking Quality best Fat content 60-80% Package type: bottle or tin Package type: bottle Variety country typical Quantity: g Quantity: l Quantity: l Reference quantity 1 kg Reference quantity 250 g Reference quantity 1 l Reference quantity 1 l Bulgaria 0.72 Bulgaria 9.13 Bulgaria 1.28 Bulgaria 0.92 Czech Republic 0.85 Czech Republic Czech Republic 1.43 Czech Republic 1.10 Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany 1.94 Spain : Spain ) Spain : Spain ) Croatia 0.77 Croatia 8.16 Croatia 1.29 Croatia ) Italy 1.03 Italy 5.50 Italy 1.88 Italy ) Cyprus 1.28 Cyprus 5.40 Cyprus 2.08 Cyprus 1.67 Lithuania 0.87 Lithuania 8.20 Lithuania 1.35 Lithuania 1.28 Hungary 0.84 Hungary 8.89 Hungary 1.46 Hungary 0.90 Malta ) Malta 7.45 Malta 1.59 Malta 1.78 The Netherlands 0.90 The Netherlands 5.96 The Netherlands 1.30 The Netherlands 1.31 Poland 0.59 Poland 9.03 Poland 1.41 Poland 0.65 Romania 0.67 Romania 8.16 Romania 1.28 Romania 0.79 Slovenia 0.91 Slovenia 9.56 Slovenia 2.01 Slovenia 1.17 Slovakia 0.70 Slovakia Slovakia 1.70 Slovakia 1.09 Finland : Finland : Finland 3.61 Finland 2.09 Norway 1.56 Norway Norway 2.96 Norway 2.80 Turkey 0.49 Turkey 7.89 Turkey 2.27 Turkey ) Quantity may differ 1) Olive oil - all types 1) Not only country typical. Any quality (extra, I, II and III) 2) Not only country typical 14

15 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Fresh bananas Canned fruit Fresh carrots Fresh tomatoes Quality best Type in own juice Quality: best Type: round tomatoes Exclude: fair trade fruits Quantity g Reference quantity 1 kg Quality: best Reference quantity 1 kg Reference quantity 1000 g/net Reference quantity: 1 kg Bulgaria 1.39 Bulgaria : Bulgaria 0.69 Bulgaria 1.04 Czech Republic 1.17 Czech Republic 2.25 Czech Republic 0.77 Czech Republic 1.58 Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Spain : Spain : Spain ) Spain : Croatia 1.44 Croatia : Croatia 1.04 Croatia 1.88 Italy ) Italy 4.36 Italy ) Italy ) Cyprus 1.34 Cyprus 3.48 Cyprus 1.08 Cyprus 1.32 Lithuania 1.32 Lithuania : Lithuania 0.59 Lithuania 1.49 Hungary 1.36 Hungary 2.36 Hungary ) Hungary 1.87 Malta 1.48 Malta 2.69 Malta 1.23 Malta 1.89 The Netherlands 1.48 The Netherlands 2.69 The Netherlands 0.95 The Netherlands 2.12 Poland 1.17 Poland 1.86 Poland 0.59 Poland 1.43 Romania 1.23 Romania 2.04 Romania 0.58 Romania 1.20 Slovenia 1.31 Slovenia 1.95 Slovenia 1.18 Slovenia 1.94 Slovakia 1.36 Slovakia : Slovakia 0.82 Slovakia 1.88 Finland 1.70 Finland : Finland 2.03 Finland 2.19 Norway 2.67 Norway 2.98 Norway 2.80 Norway 3.60 Turkey 1.85 Turkey : Turkey 0.59 Turkey ) Quality may differ 1) Any quality (extra, I, II and III) 1) Quality may differ 2) Some observations: 500 g 15

16 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Potatoes Tinned sweet corn Frozen French fries Potato crisps Variety: country typical Brand: brandless Type: oven or friteuse Type: single pack Reference quantity: 1 kg Net weight: g Quantity: g Quantity: g Package type: sold loose Reference quantity: 500 g/net Reference quantity: 1000 g Reference quantity: 200 g Bulgaria ) Bulgaria 1.20 Bulgaria 1.43 Bulgaria 1.44 Czech Republic 0.49 Czech Republic : Czech Republic 1.23 Czech Republic 1.67 Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Spain ) 2) Spain : Spain : Spain : Croatia 0.62 Croatia 1.47 Croatia 1.69 Croatia ) Italy ) Italy 2.00 Italy 2.40 Italy 1.63 Cyprus 0.71 Cyprus 1.43 Cyprus 2.33 Cyprus 1.47 Lithuania ) Lithuania 1.22 Lithuania 1.58 Lithuania 1.50 Hungary 0.55 Hungary 1.47 Hungary 1.70 Hungary ) Malta 0.64 Malta ) Malta ) Malta ) The Netherlands 1.09 The Netherlands 1.24 The Netherlands 1.32 The Netherlands 1.05 Poland 0.26 Poland 1.08 Poland ) Poland ) Romania 0.35 Romania 1.39 Romania 1.52 Romania 1.24 Slovenia 0.54 Slovenia 1.31 Slovenia 1.44 Slovenia 1.22 Slovakia 0.51 Slovakia 1.12 Slovakia 1.53 Slovakia 1.70 Finland 0.88 Finland : Finland 2.34 Finland 1.70 Norway 2.32 Norway 1.08 Norway 1.72 Norway 3.77 Turkey 0.68 Turkey : Turkey : Turkey ) Not only country typical 1) Quantity may differ 1) Quantity may differ 1) Includes: 100 grams packages 2) Not only sold loose 2) Quantity: g 3) Late and early grow 3) Quantity differs 4) Quantity may differ 16

17 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) White sugar Jam Milk chocolate Chewing gum Type: fine, granulated Type: strawberry or apricot Quantity: g Type: pellets Quantity: approx g Package type: glass jar Reference quantity: 1000 g Flavour: any Reference quantity: 1000 g Fruit content: % Quantity: pellets Quantity: g Reference quantity: 1 package Reference quantity: 1000 g Bulgaria 0.72 Bulgaria : Bulgaria 8.03 Bulgaria 0.44 Czech Republic 0.65 Czech Republic 4.71 Czech Republic 9.96 Czech Republic 0.44 Germany 0.78 Germany : Germany : Germany : Spain ) Spain ) Spain : Spain : Croatia 0.69 Croatia : Croatia ) Croatia 0.59 Italy 1.03 Italy ) Italy ) Italy : Cyprus 0.82 Cyprus 5.05 Cyprus Cyprus 1.15 Lithuania 0.79 Lithuania ) Lithuania 8.90 Lithuania 0.45 Hungary 0.63 Hungary ) Hungary 8.19 Hungary 0.50 Malta 1.06 Malta 3.64 Malta ) Malta : The Netherlands 0.98 The Netherlands 3.53 The Netherlands 8.84 The Netherlands 0.50 Poland 0.53 Poland ) Poland 8.83 Poland ) Romania 0.66 Romania 3.42 Romania 8.00 Romania 0.45 Slovenia 0.97 Slovenia 4.91 Slovenia 7.45 Slovenia 0.51 Slovakia 0.74 Slovakia 5.38 Slovakia 9.91 Slovakia 0.54 Finland 0.93 Finland 5.61 Finland Finland : Norway 2.15 Norway 7.03 Norway Norway 1.52 Turkey 1.28 Turkey 4.11 Turkey 9.17 Turkey ) Type: granulated and lumps. Brown sugar is allowed. 1) Type: any fruit 1) Includes: 80 grams packages 1) Quantity may differ 2) Quantity may differ 2) Milk or dark chocolate 3) Fruit content not specified 3) Quantity differs 17

18 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Ice cream Baby food, meat base Tomato ketchup Mineral salt Package type: in carton or plastic Made with: meat, vegetable, Package type: bottle (glass or plastic) Type: fine table salt Quantity: ml rice or pasta Quantity: g (500 g = 440 ml) Quantity: g Reference quantity: 1000 ml Quantity: g Reference quantity: 1000 g Reference quantity: 1000 g Reference quantity: 500 g Bulgaria 2.46 Bulgaria 2.95 Bulgaria : Bulgaria 0.32 Czech Republic : Czech Republic 3.19 Czech Republic 2.13 Czech Republic 0.21 Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Croatia 3.25 Croatia 3.97 Croatia 2.31 Croatia 0.59 Italy 3.00 Italy : Italy : Italy ) Cyprus 4.35 Cyprus 3.78 Cyprus 3.11 Cyprus : Lithuania 3.37 Lithuania 4.01 Lithuania 2.18 Lithuania 0.35 Hungary 3.54 Hungary ) Hungary ) Hungary 0.29 Malta ) Malta ) Malta ) Malta ) The Netherlands 2.27 The Netherlands 2.45 The Netherlands 2.80 The Netherlands 0.55 Poland ) Poland ) Poland ) Poland 0.26 Romania : Romania 4.60 Romania 2.30 Romania 0.34 Slovenia 3.38 Slovenia 3.53 Slovenia 2.41 Slovenia 0.36 Slovakia 3.08 Slovakia 3.45 Slovakia 2.46 Slovakia 0.26 Finland 2.46 Finland : Finland 3.37 Finland : Norway 8.35 Norway 4.58 Norway 3.84 Norway 1.06 Turkey ) Turkey : Turkey 2.23 Turkey ) Quantity may differ 1) Quantity may differ 1) Quantity: g 1) Fine or coarse table salt 2) Quantity: 1000 g (500 g = 1000 ml) 2) Quantity differs 2) Smaller package sizes 18

19 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Black pepper Coffee Black tea Cocoa instant drink Type: ground Type: roasted, blend Package type: in bags, bags Type: powder Package type: glass jar, metal or tin Ground: yes Quantity: approx. 2 g per bag Content: 18-35% cocoa dispenser Quantity: g Reference quantity 25 bags Quantity: g Exclude: recipient with grinder Reference quantity: 1000 g Reference quantity 1000 g Quantity: g Reference quantity: 100 g Bulgaria : Bulgaria 9.28 Bulgaria 1.37 Bulgaria 4.71 Czech Republic ) Czech Republic Czech Republic 1.10 Czech Republic : Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Spain : Spain ) Spain : Spain : Croatia ) Croatia ) Croatia : Croatia 6.30 Italy 3.88 Italy Italy 1.49 Italy : Cyprus 4.40 Cyprus 9.41 Cyprus 1.63 Cyprus 6.76 Lithuania 4.02 Lithuania Lithuania 1.35 Lithuania 5.47 Hungary 2.39 Hungary 8.26 Hungary 1.10 Hungary ) Malta : Malta : Malta ) Malta ) The Netherlands 1.80 The Netherlands The Netherlands 1.14 The Netherlands : Poland ) 4) Poland 9.86 Poland 1.38 Poland ) Romania : Romania Romania 1.50 Romania 4.91 Slovenia 3.15 Slovenia 9.52 Slovenia 1.62 Slovenia 4.85 Slovakia : Slovakia Slovakia 1.14 Slovakia 7.31 Finland : Finland 7.78 Finland : Finland 7.26 Norway 5.72 Norway Norway 3.19 Norway 5.60 Turkey 2.25 Turkey Turkey : Turkey : 1) Quantity: g 1) Decaffeinated coffee included. Grounded or not 1) Package size differs 1) Quantity: g 2) Package type: sachet 2) Package weight may be less than 200 g (175 g included) 2) Smaller package sizes 3) Quantity differs 3) Quantity may differ 4) Type: not ground 19

20 FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (continued) Mineral water, carbonated Mineral water, still Carbonated drink, orange flavoured Orange juice Type: carbonated Type: still Package type: bottle (glass or plastic) Type: 100 % pure, no sugar added Package type: bottle (glass or plastic) Package type: bottle (glass or plastic) Quantity: l Package type: carton Quantity: 1-2 l Quantity: 1-2 l Reference quantity 1 l Quantity: 1 l Reference quantity 1 l Reference quantity 1 l Reference quantity: 1 l Bulgaria 0.30 Bulgaria 0.23 Bulgaria 0.43 Bulgaria ) Czech Republic 0.32 Czech Republic : Czech Republic 0.67 Czech Republic 1.26 Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Spain : Spain : Spain : Spain ) 3) Croatia 0.46 Croatia 0.46 Croatia 0.72 Croatia ) Italy ) Italy ) Italy 0.74 Italy : Cyprus 0.69 Cyprus 0.32 Cyprus 1.22 Cyprus 1.23 Lithuania 0.38 Lithuania 0.38 Lithuania 0.65 Lithuania 1.41 Hungary 0.22 Hungary 0.22 Hungary 0.54 Hungary 1.34 Malta ) Malta ) Malta 0.77 Malta ) The Netherlands 0.44 The Netherlands 0.44 The Netherlands 0.88 The Netherlands 1.24 Poland 0.30 Poland 0.29 Poland ) 2) Poland 1.05 Romania 0.30 Romania 0.27 Romania 0.53 Romania 1.38 Slovenia 0.34 Slovenia 0.27 Slovenia ) Slovenia ) 2) Slovakia 0.34 Slovakia 0.36 Slovakia 0.64 Slovakia 1.52 Finland 1.25 Finland : Finland : Finland 1.40 Norway 1.21 Norway 1.34 Norway 2.02 Norway 2.73 Turkey 0.83 Turkey : Turkey : Turkey ) 1) Still or carbonated 1) Still or carbonated 1) Quantity may differ 1) Not 100% pure 2) Quantity differs 2) Quantity differs 2) Any kind of flavour 2) Not only orange juice 3) Package type: not only carton 4) Type may differ 5) Quantity differs 20

21 ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND TOBACCO Vodka Red wine White wine Beer From: supermarket or liquor store Quality: table wine Quality: table wine Type: lager - standard domestic Quantity: l From: supermarket or liquor store From: supermarket or liquor store From: supermarket or liquor store Reference quantity: 1 l Quantity: l Quantity: l Package type: bottle Reference quantity: 0.75 l Reference quantity: 0.75 l Quantity: l Reference quantity: 1 l Bulgaria 9.70 Bulgaria 1.18 Bulgaria 1.27 Bulgaria 1.09 Czech Republic Czech Republic 3.57 Czech Republic 3.39 Czech Republic 1.54 Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany 1.63 Croatia 9.37 Croatia 2.63 Croatia 2.65 Croatia 1.72 Italy : Italy ) Italy ) Italy 1.81 Cyprus Cyprus 4.92 Cyprus 4.90 Cyprus 3.19 Lithuania Lithuania 4.95 Lithuania 4.56 Lithuania 1.35 Hungary Hungary 0.75 Hungary 0.71 Hungary 1.23 Malta Malta 2.27 Malta 2.25 Malta 2.67 The Netherlands The Netherlands 3.15 The Netherlands 3.46 The Netherlands 1.65 Poland Poland 4.46 Poland 4.51 Poland 1.27 Romania Romania 2.62 Romania 2.56 Romania 1.61 Slovenia Slovenia 1.09 Slovenia 1.18 Slovenia 1.98 Slovakia 8.81 Slovakia 2.09 Slovakia 1.93 Slovakia 1.32 Finland : Finland : Finland : Finland : Norway Norway Norway Norway : Turkey : Turkey 7.94 Turkey : Turkey ) Table or IGP or IGT wine. Red or white wine 1) Table or IGP or IGT wine. Red or white wine 21

22 ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND TOBACCO (continued) General product description Cigarettes Type classic, with filter 5 most common brands Tobacco: blond Quantity: cigarettes Reference quantity: 20 cigarettes Bulgaria 2.51 Czech Republic 2.99 Germany 5.45 Spain : Croatia 2.89 Italy 5.03 Cyprus 4.18 Lithuania 2.73 Hungary 3.61 Malta 4.90 The Netherlands 6.49 Poland 3.37 Romania 3.27 Slovenia 3.46 Slovakia 3.18 Finland : Norway Turkey : 22

23 CLOTHING AND FOOTWEAR Men's suit, wool Men's trousers Men's blue jeans Men's shirt Type: classic two-piece Type: classic Composition: 100 % cotton denim Type: classic Composition: at least 50% wool Composition: % wool, 0-20% synthetic Style: straight Composition: at least 50% cotton Pattern: plain, stripes allowed Style: straight, with or Pattern: plain or washed Sleeves: long Exclude: waistcoat without pleats Length: long Style: fitted or straight Reference quantity: 1 suit Pattern: plain Exclude: models with rips and/or Pattern: plain Length: long special applications Reference quantity: 1 piece Reference quantity: 1 piece Reference quantity: 1 piece Bulgaria : Bulgaria : Bulgaria Bulgaria ) Czech Republic Czech Republic Czech Republic Czech Republic Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Croatia ) Croatia : Croatia ) 2) Croatia ) 2) 3) Italy ) Italy ) Italy ) Italy ) Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania Hungary Hungary ) Hungary Hungary Malta Malta : Malta Malta The Netherlands The Netherlands The Netherlands The Netherlands Poland : Poland : Poland : Poland Romania : Romania : Romania : Romania : Slovenia Slovenia Slovenia Slovenia ) Slovakia Slovakia Slovakia Slovakia Finland : Finland : Finland : Finland : Norway : Norway : Norway Norway Turkey Turkey Turkey Turkey ) Type and pattern may differ 1) Composition and pattern may differ 1) Style may differ 1) Style and pattern may differ 2) Composition may differ 2) Composition: 40-50% wool 2) Pattern may differ 2) Type may differ 3) Short sleeve shirts included 23

24 CLOTHING AND FOOTWEAR (continued) Men's T-shirt, short sleeves Men's boxer briefs Ladies' top coat Ladies' blazer, woolmix Composition: 100 % cotton Composition: approx. 100% cotton, Type: city coat Type: classic Collar-style: round some elastar Composition: approx. 70% wool, Composition: 40-60% wool, rest synthetic Style: straight Style: low waist 30% other fibres (some elastane) Colour: 1 Lining: double thickness at front Style: single- or double-breasted, Style: single-breasted, fitted Pattern: plain Pattern: plain no trimmings Pattern: plain, simple pattern allowed Sleeves: short Quantity: 1-2 pieces Length: mid-thigh/above knee Lining: 100% synthetic Reference quantity: 1 piece Reference quantity: 1 piece Reference quantity: 1 piece Reference quantity: 1 piece Bulgaria Bulgaria : Bulgaria : Bulgaria : Czech Republic Czech Republic 6.21 Czech Republic Czech Republic Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Croatia ) Croatia ) 2) 3) Croatia ) Croatia : Italy : Italy ) 3) Italy ) Italy ) 2) Cyprus Cyprus 9.93 Cyprus Cyprus : Lithuania Lithuania 6.85 Lithuania Lithuania Hungary ) Hungary 5.43 Hungary Hungary ) Malta Malta 5.64 Malta Malta The Netherlands The Netherlands 7.49 The Netherlands The Netherlands ) Poland : Poland ) 3) 4) 5) Poland : Poland : Romania : Romania : Romania : Romania : Slovenia ) Slovenia ) Slovenia : Slovenia : Slovakia Slovakia 9.05 Slovakia Slovakia Finland : Finland : Finland : Finland : Norway Norway : Norway : Norway : Turkey Turkey : Turkey : Turkey ) Style, colour and pattern may differ. 1) Pattern may differ 1) Description may differ 1) Composition may differ Long sleeve T-shirts included 2) Style may differ 2) Pattern may differ 2) Collar style may differ 3) Lining may differ 3) Style, lining may differ 4) Boxer briefs and briefs 5) Composition may differ 24

25 CLOTHING AND FOOTWEAR (continued) Ladies' straight trousers Ladies' blue jeans Ladies' skirt Ladies' blouse Type: classic Composition: 100 % cotton denim, some Type: classic Type: classic Composition: 100% synthetic elastane allowed Composition: approx. 60 % synthetics, Composition: 100% cotton, some Style: straight or slightly flared Style: straight leg 40 % wool; some elastane allowed elastane allowed Pattern: plain, simple pattern allowed Exclude: models with rips and/or Lining: yes Style: fitted, no pleats Reference quantity: 1 piece special applications Style: straight, no pleats Colour: one Reference quantity: 1 piece Length: knee Sleeves: long Reference quantity: 1 piece Reference quantity: 1 piece Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgaria : Bulgaria ) Czech Republic Czech Republic Czech Republic Czech Republic Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Croatia : Croatia ) Croatia : Croatia ) 2) Italy ) Italy : Italy ) 2) Italy ) Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus : Cyprus Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania Hungary Hungary Hungary ) Hungary Malta Malta Malta ) Malta The Netherlands ) The Netherlands The Netherlands ) The Netherlands ) Poland : Poland ) Poland ) Poland Romania : Romania : Romania : Romania : Slovenia Slovenia : Slovenia : Slovenia ) Slovakia Slovakia Slovakia Slovakia Finland : Finland : Finland : Finland : Norway : Norway Norway : Norway Turkey : Turkey Turkey Turkey : 1) Pattern may differ 1) Style not specified 1) Composition may differ 1) Style, type and colour may differ 2) Composition may differ 2) Not only 100% cotton denim 2) Style, type, lining may differ 2) Includes short sleeve blouses 3) Only synthetics 3) Composition may differ 4) Length and style may differ 5) Length may differ 25

26 CLOTHING AND FOOTWEAR (continued) Ladies' T-shirt Ladies' pullover Brassiere, push-up Tights Composition: 100 % cotton, some Composition: 30-50% wool, Composition: approx. 80 % synthetic, Type: denier elastane allowed 50-70% synthetic 20 % elastane Composition: approx. 90 % synthetic, Style: fitted Style: basic straight model, Style: with push-ups, simple lace 10 % elastane Pattern: plain, simple printed design allowed ribbed cuffs and waist decoration allowed Style: basic, for every day use Sleeves: short Pattern: plain, checks and stripes allowed Fastener: back Colour: one Reference quantity: 1 piece Sleeves: long Colour: one Pattern: no Reference quantity: 1 piece Reference quantity: 1 piece Exclude: multipack Bulgaria 9.35 Bulgaria : Bulgaria ) Bulgaria 1.77 Czech Republic Czech Republic Czech Republic Czech Republic 1.54 Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Croatia ) 2) Croatia : Croatia ) 2) Croatia ) Italy Italy ) 2) Italy ) 3) Italy ) 3) Cyprus 8.13 Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus 4.73 Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania 2.50 Hungary Hungary Hungary Hungary 1.93 Malta Malta Malta Malta ) The Netherlands ) 3) The Netherlands ) The Netherlands The Netherlands 4.26 Poland : Poland ) Poland Poland 1.65 Romania : Romania : Romania : Romania 2.72 Slovenia Slovenia : Slovenia Slovenia ) Slovakia Slovakia Slovakia Slovakia 2.42 Finland : Finland : Finland : Finland : Norway : Norway : Norway Norway 4.37 Turkey Turkey Turkey 9.33 Turkey : 1) Style may differ. Includes long sleeve T-shirts 1) Composition may differ 1) Style may differ 1) Style, pattern and colour may differ 2) Pattern may differ 2) Pattern may differ 2) Fastener, colour may differ 2) Type may differ 3) Colour may differ 3) Composition may differ 3) Composition may differ. May include multipack. 26

27 CLOTHING AND FOOTWEAR (continued) Children's blue jeans trousers Children's T-shirt Girls' skirt Girls' tights Composition: 100 % cotton denim Composition: 100 % cotton Composition: 100 % cotton corduroy and Composition: approx. 70% cotton, Style: straight Style: fashion T-shirt some elastane allowed 30% synthetic Size: cm / 10 y Size: cm / 7y Type: flare skirt Style: reinforced toes, heels and briefs Length: long Sleeves: long Size: cm / 8-12 y Gusset: reinforced Pattern: plain Collar-style: round Length: knee Size: cm / 6 y Reference quantity: 1 piece Reference quantity: 1 piece Reference quantity: 1 piece Quantity: 1-2 pieces Reference quantity: 1 piece Bulgaria ) 2) Bulgaria 7.87 Bulgaria : Bulgaria : Czech Republic Czech Republic 7.35 Czech Republic Czech Republic 4.31 Germany : Germany : Germany : Germany : Croatia ) 3) 4) Croatia ) 2) Croatia : Croatia ) 2) Italy ) 4) Italy : Italy : Italy : Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus 5.37 Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania 5.11 Hungary Hungary 7.27 Hungary ) Hungary 4.02 Malta Malta 6.53 Malta Malta 6.20 The Netherlands ) The Netherlands The Netherlands The Netherlands : Poland ) Poland ) Poland Poland ) Romania : Romania : Romania : Romania 3.86 Slovenia ) Slovenia ) 3) Slovenia Slovenia ) Slovakia Slovakia 9.52 Slovakia Slovakia 5.06 Finland : Finland : Finland : Finland : Norway Norway : Norway Norway : Turkey Turkey 7.80 Turkey : Turkey : 1) Style may differ 1) Collar-style may differ 1) Different sizes 1) Different sizes 2) Size may differ 2) Different sizes 2) Gusset may differ 3) Pattern may differ 3) Short sleeve T-shirts included 3) Composition differs 4) Colour may differ 5) Composition: cotton. Size (age):12-14 years 27

28 CLOTHING AND FOOTWEAR (continued) Children' socks Dry cleaning Men's lace-up shoes Men's street shoes Composition: approx. 70% cotton, Garment: men's two-piece suit Type: derby Type: street shoe, sporty 30% synthetic Service: standard dry-cleaning, Style: casual, laces, decoration Style: velcro straps or laces Style: reinforced toes and heels pressing allowed Upper: synthetic Size: / 6 y Reference quantity: 1 service Upper: leather Lining: textile or synthetic Quantity: 1-3 pairs Sole: synthetic rubber, profiled Insole: synthetic Reference quantity: 1 pair Heel material: synthetic rubber Sole: synthetic Reference quantity: 1 pair Reference quantity: 1 pair Bulgaria 0.90 Bulgaria 5.06 Bulgaria : Bulgaria : Czech Republic 1.33 Czech Republic 8.49 Czech Republic Czech Republic ) Germany : Germany Germany : Germany : Croatia ) Croatia Croatia ) Croatia ) Italy ) Italy 9.63 Italy ) Italy ) Cyprus 2.70 Cyprus Cyprus Cyprus Lithuania 1.80 Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania Hungary ) Hungary 9.12 Hungary Hungary Malta 1.96 Malta Malta Malta The Netherlands 1.52 The Netherlands The Netherlands The Netherlands Poland ) Poland 8.08 Poland Poland Romania : Romania 5.52 Romania Romania Slovenia 2.02 Slovenia Slovenia Slovenia Slovakia 1.70 Slovakia 7.62 Slovakia Slovakia Finland : Finland : Finland : Finland : Norway : Norway Norway Norway : Turkey 0.82 Turkey ) Turkey : Turkey ) Different sizes 1) Garment: one piece 1) Type may differ 1) Upper: leather 2) Specifications may differ 2) Specifications may differ 28