3rd European Agroforestry Conference

Transcription

1 3rd European Agroforestry Conference EFFECT OF AGROFORESTRY MICROCLIMATE OVER SPIDERS AND GROUND BEETLES DAILY-ACTIVITY Ambroise Martin-Chave : AGROOF Christophe Mazzia : IMBE UMR 7263 Camille Beral : AGROOF Yvan Capowiez : INRA PSH 1 contact : martin-chave@agroof.net

2 Introduction PROJECT CONTEXT Part of the ARBRATATOUILLE project : AGROOF + INRA PSH & ECODEV + 3 Farmers Supported by Fondation de France, Picard Fundation and Terra Symbiosis ( ) Agroforestry microclimate : effects over organic vegetable crops (I) and associated biodiversity (II) 2

3 Introduction ISSUES Chemicals use reduction ; Organic pests management Agroforestry potential for biodiversity conservation (Burgess 1999; Malézieux et al. 2009) Trees create new habitats and alter various microclimatic factors (shade, T, rh) indirect impact on biotic interactions, such as tri trophic interactions (Batish 2008) Predatory arthopods play major role in pests biocontrol, but how are they affected by agroforestry microclimate? 3

4 Introduction PROBLEMATIC What we know : daily-activity is mainly influenced by site openness (Thiele 1977, Tuf 2012) and temperature (Thiele 1977) Daily activity patterns provide informations over habitats suitability and can also influence predation potential (Edgar 1969) How agroforestry microclimates could affect the daily-activity of major predatory arthropods in organic vegetable crops? 4

5 Materials & Methods Control Playing field : The study site is part of the «Terres de Roummassouze» organic farm owned by Denis and Virginie Flores, in Vézénobres (30 France). Vegetables crops are conducted in a north-south axe. AF + AF - AF meters

6 Materials & Methods Samplings : Arachnids and ground beetles, 5 times a day, 10 days in July and 10 days in september 30 pitfalls traps by treatment, to monitor grass strips (2 x 5 pitfall traps), lettuces (10 pitfall traps) and tomatoes (10 pitfall traps) Microclimatic measurements : hemispherical photographs, temperature and hygrometry continuous aquisition (ibuttons) 6

7 Results 1) MICROCLIMATE Canopy openness at three period, in the three agroforestry plots Leaves appeared after the April assessment, and fall later in November. 7

8 35 C +2 C -2,5 C +2 C 25 C -2,5 C 8

9 Pardosa hortensis daily abundance in July Results JULY a a b b Significant difference between AF++, Af+ vs AF- and control Significant difference at mid day period (10h- 14h) between AF-, CONTROL and AF++ (the shadiest vs the less shaded plots, ANOVA + TukeyHSD tests) 9 7h-10h 10h-14h 14h-18h 18h-21h 21h-7h

10 Results Pseudoophonus rufipes daily abundance in July a b c c Similar abundance in AF- and control, less individuals in AF++ and AF+ No significant difference (ANOVA), but no point were made during night 10 7h-10h 10h-14h 14h-18h 18h-21h 21h-7h

11 Results Pardosa hortensis daily abundance in September a a a a SEPTEMBER Effects seem to be less importants during september. Activity is similar in each treatment. Differences between treatments are non significatives (ANOVA) 11 7h-10h 10h-14h 14h-18h 18h-21h 21h-7h

12 Results Pseudoophonus rufipes daily abundance in September a b bc a a b c a Great differences between treatments occured in September Significant differences between AF++ and others at midday, between AF++ and control at dusk and night. 12 7h-10h 10h-14h 14h-18h 18h-21h 21h-7h

13 Discussion DISCUSSION Trees buffered temperatures Agroforestry enhanced wolf spiders global activity at the warmer period : sun protection? (Edgar 1969) P. rufipes daily-activity seems not to be affected, but abundances are affected in July -> functional effect? In September, «disorganized» differences 13

14 Conclusion CONCLUSION Agroforestry buffering general climate (Chen et al. 1999) Impacts on species depending on their respective ecology Potentially affect predation rate at the day and season scale. Interest of low dispersion hability fauna for agroforestry 14

15 Thank you for your attention, and see you tomorrow at the study site! 15

16 REFERENCES Batish D (ed) (2008) Ecological basis of agroforestry. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL Burgess PJ (1999) Effects of agroforestry on farm biodiversity in the UK. Chen J, Saunders SC, Crow TR, et al (1999) Microclimate in Forest Ecosystem and Landscape Ecology Variations in local climate can be used to monitor and compare the effects of different management regimes. BioScience 49: Edgar WD (1969) Prey and Feeding Behaviour of Adult Females of the Wolf Spider Pardosa Amentata (Clerck). Neth J Zool 20: doi: / X00259 I. H. Tuf PD (2012) Does the diurnal activity pattern of carabid beetles depend on season, ground temperature and habitat? Arch Biol Sci. doi: /ABS T Malézieux E, Crozat Y, Dupraz C, et al (2009) Mixing plant species in cropping systems: concepts, tools and models. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 29: doi: /agro: Thiele H-U (1977) Carabid Beetles in Their Environments. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg 16