Social Studies Review. Geography & Early Man

Transcription

1 Geography & Early Man Word Bank: Barter Latitude Basic needs Fresh water Culture Primary source Peninsula Good soil (fertile land) Longitude Directions: Fill in the blanks using the word bank above. 1. The way of life, including language, religion, beliefs, values, and customs of a group of people is called their culture. 2. Food, clothing and shelter are our basic needs. 3. A land mass surrounded on three (3) sides by water is a peninsula. 4. These are used for locating places on maps: _longitude and latitude. 5. People settle in certain areas because of fresh water and fertile land (good soil) 6. Trading without using money is barter. 7. A diary, letter, or picture is an example of a primary source. Vocabulary that you should know: latitude longitude agriculture civilization culture Primary source surplus Distance North or South of the Equator measured by a set of imaginary lines or parallels that run east and west around earth Distance East or West of the Prime Meridian measured by a set of imaginary lines or meridians that run North and South from earth s poles the raising of crops and animals for human use a culture that has developed systems of specialization, religion, learning and government the way of life of a group of people at a particular times, including their daily habits, beliefs and arts a firsthand account of an event or an artifact created during the period of history being studied. Example: diary, doll having extra supplies. An extra supply of something, such as crops, that is not needed immediately.

2 Geography & Early Man Short Answer: Early civilizations formed around rivers. What were at least three (3) important reasons that people settled near water? DO NOT include taking a bath or cooking. irrigation growing crops transportation drinking water trade routes

3 Mesopotamia & Egypt Word Bank: Fertile Fertile Scribes Cuneiform Cave paintings Iraq Tigris River Alphabet Shaped like a quarter moon Silt Polytheism hieroglyphics Euphrates River Barter Nile River Directions: Fill in the blanks using the word bank above. 1. The people whose job it was to keep written records were scribes. 2. The mud that is carried by rivers is called silt. 3. A system of buying goods without the use of money is barter. 4. The flooding of rivers makes land fertile. 5. The king who wrote the code of laws that were based on an eye-for-an-eye justice was Hammurabi. 6. The worship of more than one god is called polytheism. 7. The writing of the Egyptians is called hieroglyphics. 8. Egyptian society flourished (grew rapidly) around the Nile R.. 9. Present-day location of Mesopotamia is Iraq. 10. The Fertile Crescent got its name because it is shaped like a quarter moon. 11. The area of Mesopotamia is between the Tigris R. and the Euphrates R Important historical events were told through cave paintings, cuneiform, and the hieroglyphics.

4 Mesopotamia & Egypt Vocabulary that you should know: economy irrigation hieroglyphics scribe cuneiforms silt Fertile Empire Polytheism the way a country manages money and resources for the production of goods and services the watering of dry land by means of canals or pipes the ancient Egyptian system of writing that used symbols to stand for objects, ideas, or sounds a professional writer who kept records and copied letters and official documents a system of writing that used wedge-shaped symbols to represent sounds, ideas, and objects, developed in ancient Sumer. a mixture of tiny bits of soil and rock carried and deposited by a river Land that is good for growing crops a group of lands and peoples ruled by one government The belief in many gods and goddesses Short Answer: Egyptian social Pyramid: 1. What was the main job of each level? 2. What did the lower levels contribute to the upper levels? 3. What did the upper levels contribute to the lower levels? 4. What happens if a lower level refuses to do their job?

5 Mesopotamia & Egypt

6 Greece Word Bank: Polis Athens Myth Democracy Socrates Sea travel Philosophy Alexander the Great Theater Architecture Assembly tyranny Sparta Rule by the people Directions: Fill in the blanks using the word bank above. 1. The two most powerful Greek city-states were Athens and Sparta. 2. The Greek name for a city-state was Polis. 3. A government ruled by a dictator is called a tyranny. 4. The Greek word democracy means rule by the people. 5. The main lawmaking body of the Greeks was called the assembly. 6. A Greek story explaining what happened in nature and includes Greek Gods is called a myth. 7. Four (4) legacies handed down from the Greeks to us are theater, architecture, democracy, and philosophy. 8. The great city of Alexandria was built and Greek ideas were spread by this ruler Alexander the Great. 9. Athen s most famous philosopher was Socrates. 10. The ancient Greeks developed ties with other societies by _sea travel. Monarchy Democracy Tyranny Philosophy Assembly Agora Vocabulary that you should know: a government ruled by a King or Queen a system of government in which citizens vote to make governmental decisions. a government where one ruler has complete power and uses it in oppressive ways (harshly and severely) example Saddam, Hitler The study of or search for truth, wisdom and the right way to live a law making body of government made up of a group of citizens a central area in Greek cities used both as a market place and as a meeting place

7 Greece Short Answer: 1. Name important legacies from ancient Greece and explain why they are important, and how they are used today.

8 Rome Word Bank: Senate Dictator Julius Caesar Patricians roads Apennine Mts. representatives Aqueducts Alps Mts. Republic plebeians Directions: Fill in the blanks using the word bank above. 1. The Roman s form of government was known as republic. 2. A ruler who has absolute power and authority is a dictator. 3. The mountains in northern Italy are the Alps Mts.. 4. The mountains that extend the length of Italy are the Apennine Mts._. 5. The Roman republic was the first government where the people elected their own representatives. 6. The main governing body for the Romans was the senate. 7. Rich and powerful families were called patricians. 8. Most people in Rome were farmers, merchants and artisans. These people were called plebeians. 9. The Roman general who was killed on the Ides of March was _Julius Caesar. 10. Two (2) important legacies of Rome are roads and aqueducts. Vocabulary that you should know: Aqueducts Senate Hannibal Punic Wars Republic Julius Caesar raised arched structures built to carry water over long distances the lawmaking body and most powerful branch of government in ancient Rome s republic Carthaginian general in the second Punic war. Famous for training war elephants and his march from Spain over the Alps to Rome a conflict between Rome and Carthage in the 200s BC, ending in victory for Rome a form of government in which citizens elect representatives to speak or act for them Roman general who became the republic s dictator in 45 BC, famous for naming himself dictator of Rome. He was assassinated on the Ides of March.

9 Rome Short Answer: 1. Explain how a democracy and a republic are different: What voting was like Explain how which system gave the voter a greater voice in government. democracy everyone votes on everything republic representatives vote for their people 2. Why were the building of roads and aqueducts important to the Roman Empire? trade flourished cultures blended people moved towns and cities grew

10 Middle Ages Word Bank: Crusades Christians feudalism Muslims Middle Ages fief Magna Carta Pilgrimage trade Jews convent monastery Nuns Manor Bill of Rights Age of Faith Crusades Directions: Fill in the blanks using the word bank above. 1. The document drawn up by King John s Lords because they feared the king was becoming too powerful and contained the idea that the king must live by the laws of the land is called the Magna Carta. 2. Another name for the time period between AD when feudalism was the way of organizing and governing society was the Middle Ages_. 3. The holy wars that were waged by the Christians of Europe were called the crusades. 4. In Europe, towns started to grow around market places where people began to become craftsmen because of trade. 5. In the USA today, the document that was written based on the Magna Carta is called the Bill of Rights. 6. Christians, Jews and Muslims are still fighting over the holy land today, which is located in the Iraq. 7. The Middle Ages can also be called Age of faith because religion was so important to the people of this time. 8. A gift of land from a king to an important lord was called a fief. 9. A journey to a holy place for a religious purpose is a pilgrimage. 10. A simple religious community for women who pledged their lives to God is called a convent. 11. Religious women who lived and worshipped in convents were called _Nun. 12. Beautiful, elaborate churches built during the Middle Ages for worshiping God are cathedrals. 13. A self-supporting simple religious community where monks lived was a monastery.

11 Middle Ages 14. The castle surrounded by farming fields and supporting buildings where most people lived and worked during the Middle Ages was a manor. 15. Holy wars fought for the purpose of regaining holy land of Jerusalem were called crusades. 16. The new way of organizing and governing society, set up during the Middle Ages was named feudalism. 17. The three (3) religious groups who fought one another to take control of the holy land during the crusades were Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Vocabulary that you should know: knight Trained soldiers who protected the manor monk Religious men who copied books and lived in a monastery scribe A person whose job was writing down or copying letters, books, or other documents lord Received land from the king in exchange for loyalty and protection page A young boy at the age of 7 who learned manners and trained to be a knight

12 Middle Ages Short Answer: 1. Why were monasteries important in medieval society? Source of written records, Place of learning Religion guided their daily lives Books 2. Feudal Ladder (See attached chart) What was the main job of each level? What did the lower levels contribute to the upper levels? What did the upper levels contribute to the lower levels? What happens if a lower level refuses to do their job? see chart If the serfs did not farm then everyone will starve No taxes could be collected and nothing can get done 3. Give three (3) reasons why religion was so important to people of ancient civilizations. Guided people s daily life