The Rise of Democracy
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- George Gregory
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1 The Rise of Democracy Chapter 26 1
2 The Rise of Democracy Chapter 26 2
3 26.1 Last chapter we talked about the fact that mountains and seas isolated Greek communities. As a result Greek communities developed separately 3
4 Same language but felt they were in "different countries" Called their hometown "the city" settlement and surrounding farms 4
5 PROUD of their "cities" *laws *army *money Each city had its own form of government! Called them: city-states These city-states functioned as individual Countries; Often would go to war against other Greek City States. 5
6 Four forms of Government: *monarchy *tyranny *oligarchy *democracy 6
7 MONARCHY B.C.E. Most city-states ruled by monarch (king): In a monarchy the king has power to govern (no Queens had power in Greece). *At first the king selected by the people of city-state. Then when the king died, another leader was selected. *Eventually though, Kings start to demand that power goes to their oldest son. 7
8 King's POWERS: -made laws -acted as judges -conducted religious ceremonies -led army during war -used soldiers to punish law breakers or people who didn't pa taxes! 8
9 King selected a council of the "best" people Aristocrats: (Greek word: "best") -wealthy men who inherited land -no power at first But, Aristocrats could afford horses and armor during wars... helped King! 9
10 "Hey! As a group, we're stonger than him!" -Wanted to share his power!! Aristocrats said: -King should be elected! -King can only rule a certain number of years! -Hey, let's take power ourselves!!!! 800 B.C.E. NO MORE KINGS! 10
11 OLIGARCHY: 800 B.C.E. When the Aristocrats get power themselves, they form an oligarchy. In an oligarchy the ruling power is in the hands of a few. Most city-states ruled by small group of wealthy men... oligarchs. (Oligarch is a Greek word that means "few") MOST of the GROUP: *Aristocrats (wealthy men who inherited land) *A few were Wealthy Merchants 11
12 OLIGARCHS comfortable lives days spent hunting evening on couches drinking wine chariot races parties: slaves & hired people enteretained guests with music, dance, and acrobatics POOR work all day in fields "NOT FAIR!" 12
13 Oligarchs IGNORED needs of people *passed laws poor didn't like *used army to force people to obey *some passed laws forcing farmer to sell themselves into slavery if couldn't pay debts! *laws protected and increased their own wealth; not laws that benefit the majority of the people or Greece as a whole!! 13
14 Rich got Richer/Poor got Poorer! *Poor began to hate oligarchs! *Poor turned to leaders (army) who "promised" to improve lives *Leaders used soldiers and people to throw out the oligarchs! 14
15 TYRANNY: 600's B.C.E. Power by FORCE! tyrant: one person that forced themselves into power and isn't a lawful king... 15
16 TYRANNY (Dictatorship): Took control by FORCE! Unlike a monarch a tyrant gets and keeps power using military force, not inherited. Most were former military leaders who got support of their people by PROMISING them more RIGHTS... -Many ruled well (made changes to help the poor) (mean to aristocrats) Here's the deal - Tyrants can be good rulers but they don't have to be as long as they can force people to obey them. 16
17 TYRANNY: Some were not so nice: Hippias (last tyrant of city-state Athens) nice brother killed MEAN He became UNBEARABLE Forced to leave Athens tries another form of GOVERNMENT... 17
18 DEMOCRACY: All citizens share power 500 B.C.E. Athens "Rule by the People" Citizens SHARE ruling power 18
19 ATHENS: DIRECT DEMOCRACY: EVERY citizen votes EVERY issue Assembly (lawmaking group) ANY free man could speak in the Assembly and vote on a new law or proposal to go to war 19
20 Not all Greeks liked this: Powerful speakers persuaded some to vote foolishly... Sometimes, assembly would reverse poor decisions after a few weeks! Takes a lot of time for everyone to vote on every issue -- in theory everyone can participate, but if you have to work... 20
21 Most city-states returned to dictatorships and oligarchies... HOWEVER: Idea of DEMOCRACY would become one of the GREAT gifts of ancient Greece to the modern world!!! 21
22 The Athenian democracy is not quite like our democracy. We have a representative democracy -- we chose representatives to make laws for us. Imagine if every citizen voted on every law!!!! 22
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