Social Studies 11. March 1963

Transcription

1 Social Studies 11 FRENCH-CANADIAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT 1851 The 1851 census indicates that the English outnumber the French DUPLESSIS DEAD Padlock Law 1959 he dies clearing the way for major changes. LA SURVIVANCE The survival of the language and culture. QUEBEC S QUIET REVOLUTION 1960 Jean Lesage demands special status for Quebec This grows to independence calls during the decade Quebec takes control of educational system (church before) Quebec withdrew from Canada Pension Plan MAITRES CHEZ NOUS Liberal Lesage s Campaign Slogan Masters in our own house Not seeking independence More control of their commercial life. FEDERALISM OR SEPARATISM Federalist answer - BILINGUALISM Separatist answer - A NEW NATION March 1963 FLQ set off their first bombs for independence of Quebec) UNION NATIONALE 1966 wins elections in Quebec Daniel Johnson is the leader. Campaign slogan: EQUALITY OR INDEPENDENCE. RENE LEVESQUE Liberal breaks away Forms Parti Quebecois September 1967 calls for Quebec option Sovereignty-Association Movement PEARSON PRIME MINISTER PEARSON Quebec Premier Daniel Johnson demands equal status with Canada Trudeau, a Liberal Cabinet Minister argues against this. This makes Trudeau a household name THE FLAG 1965 PEARSON ADOPTS THE NEW FLAG CHARLES De GAULLE Expo 67 hosts the world. Montreal cent ans d injustice 100 years on license plates in Quebec Premier D. Johnson invited the French President C. De Gaulle Vive Montreal! Vive le Quebec! (Front for the Liberation

2 Vive le Quebec libre! TRUDEAUMANIA April 1968 Trudeau became Liberal leader June 1968 Trudeau wins majority government Trudeau and Liona Boyd Trudeau and Barbara Streistand Trudeau and Margaret Sinclair FLQ FLQ BOMBS FRONT de LIBERATION du QUEBEC F.L.Q. bombs minor targets October 5, 1970 F.L.Q. kidnaps British Trade Minister James Cross. demand release of imprisoned FLQ members / read MANIFESTO Pierre Laporte, Cabinet Minister kidnapped CROSS HOUSE PIERRE LAPORTE MANIFESTO READ OUT My dear Robert,[Bourassa] I feel like I am writing the most important letter I have ever written. For the time being, I am in perfect health, and I am treated well, even courteously. In short, the power to decide over my life is in your hands. If there was only that involved, and the sacrifice of my life would bring good results, one could accept it... You know how my personal situation deserves to draw attention. I had two brothers, both are now dead. I remain alone as the head of a large family that comprises my mother, my sisters, my own wife and my children, and the children of Rolland of whom I am the guardian. My departure would create for them irreparable grief, and you know the ties that bind the members of my family... You have the power of life and death over me, I depend on you and I thank you for it. Best regards, Pierre Laporte WAR MEASURES ACT apprehended insurrection feared by Trudeau October Crisis special powers for police Laporte in trunk

3 October 17, 1970 Laporte found in trunk dead. FLQ lose support. LAPORTE FUNERAL Cross December 1970 Cross discovered that cell negotiated release to Cuba in exchange for Cross PLANE WAITING TO TAKE FLQ TO CUBA FLQ LIBERATION CELL CROSS and FLQ cell to airport Laporte 1971 Laporte s killers discovered arrested, tried, imprisoned, released ROSE ARRESTED FLQ CHENIER CELL The Killers Lortie Simard Paul Rose and Bernard Lortie were not in the hideout when Laporte was killed, FLQ CRISIS AFTERMATH The cries for independence faded. The FLQ had been too radical. Independence movement harmed. Official Languages Act Trudeau makes Canada officially bilingual. BILL Bill 22 French Official language of Quebec BILL Bill 101 English driven from sight. Restricts attendance at English-language schools French only signs... ALLIANCE QUEBEC Bill 101 challenged by English speakers QUEBEC REFERENDUM 40% vote OUI (to separate from Canada) THE CONSTITUTION ACT BNA ACT RENAMED REPATRIATION IN 1982 CANADA BECOMES TOTALLY INDEPENDENT QUEBEC DOES NOT RATIFY CHANGING THE CONSTITUTION AGREEMENT OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AGREEMENT OF AT LEAST SEVEN PROVINCES WHICH CONTAIN OVER 50% OF THE CANADIAN POPULATION CHARTER OF RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS EMBEDDED IN THE CONSTITUTION GUARANTEES FREEDOM OF SPEECH, PRESS, RELIGION ASSEMBLY, RIGHT TO LIVE AND WORK ANYWHERE IN CANADA. NO DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF RACE, ETHNIC ORIGIN,COLOUR, RELIGION,

4 SEX, AGE OR DISABILITY. SOVEREIGNTY-ASSOCIATION Quebec would be independent Control taxes, citizenship, immigration Keep close economic ties with Canada. MEECH LAKE ACCORD 1987 Brian Mulroney s NATIONAL RECONCILIATION Quebec won t sign the constitution Ten Premiers meet to include Quebec into the constitution. THE PARTS OF MEECH LAKE Quebec a DISTINCT SOCIETY 3 of 9 Supreme court judges from Quebec. Constitutional changes required ALL 10 provinces to agree. MEECH continued Quebec controls its own immigration. Provinces could leave federal programs and establish their own using federal funds. 3 years to ratify ( ) MEECH DIES Women s rights? (Distinct society) Native rights? (All 10 provinces had to agree) BILL SUPREME COURT RULED THAT BILL 101 WAS UNCONSTITUTIONAL. BOURASSA USES THE NOTWITHSTANDING CLAUSE IN THE CONSTITUTION 1990 BLOC QUEBECOIS Founded in Lucien Bouchard elected as leader. CHARLOTTETOWN ACCORD 1992 Quebec threatens a referendum if proposals for constitutional change aren t forthcoming. Canada holds public forums and commissions. Ottawa, 10 provinces, native leaders met in Charlottetown CHARLOTTETOWN Native self-government. Senate reform. Federal/Provincial powers to be changed. Distinct society. All Canadians were to vote on in THE VOTE Do you agree that the constitution of Canada should be renewed on the basis of the agreement reached on August 28, 1992? Three parties urge yes votes. Status of Women, First Nations also. Reform, Trudeau, West Can, Quebec urge no vote. October, 26, 1992, it s defeated. MY LANGUAGE IS FRENCH MY COUNTRY IS QUEBEC BLOC OFFICIAL OPPOSITION Oct. 25, 1993 Chretien wins a Federal Liberal election but the Bloc Quebecois comes in second. They become the official opposition of Canada.

5 LUCIEN BOUCHARD 1994 Gets flesh eating disease Almost dies THE QUEBEC REFERENDUM 1995 PARTI QUEBECOIS LED BY JACQUES PARIZEAU (YES OPTION) BLOC QUEBECOIS LED BY LUCIEN BOUCHARD (YES OPTION) DANIEL JOHNSON LIBERAL (NO OPTION) REFERENDUM % VOTED NO 49.4% VOTED YES 60% FRANCOPHONES VOTED YES 90% ANGLOPHONES AND ALLOPHONES VOTED NO PARIZEAU BLAMES MONEY AND THE ETHNIC VOTE 1996 Parizeau resigned as leader of the Parti Quebecois and Premier of Quebec. Replaced by Lucien Bouchard Bouchard resigned as leader of the Parti Quebecois. (Anti-Semitic scandal) Bernard Landry took over the Parti Quebecois. (Stepped down in June 4, 2005.) THE FEELING Canadians are sick of the constitutional crisis Andre Boisclair new leader of the Parti Quebecois Gilles Duceppe: HEAD OF BLOC QUEBECOIS 96 THE END Test in a week... JUST FOR FUN SOMETIMES historians CAN be wrong There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home. Ken Olson, president, chairman and founder of Digital Equipment Corp. (DEC), maker of big business mainframe computers, arguing against the PC in We will never make a 32 bit operating system. Bill Gates Lee DeForest has said in many newspapers and over his signature that it would be

6 possible to transmit the human voice across the Atlantic before many years. Based on these absurd and deliberately misleading statements, the misguided public has been persuaded to purchase stock in his company a U.S. District Attorney, prosecuting American inventor Lee DeForest for selling stock fraudulently through the mail for his Radio Telephone Company in There is practically no chance communications space satellites will be used to provide better telephone, telegraph, television, or radio service inside the United States. T. Craven, FCC Commissioner, in 1961 (the first commercial communications satellite went into service in 1965). 5. To place a man in a multi-stage rocket and project him into the controlling gravitational field of the moon where the passengers can make scientific observations, perhaps land alive, and then return to earth - all that constitutes a wild dream worthy of Jules Verne. I am bold enough to say that such a man-made voyage will never occur regardless of all future advances. Lee DeForest, American radio pioneer and inventor of the vacuum tube, in A rocket will never be able to leave the Earth s atmosphere. New York Times, Flight by machines heavier than air is unpractical (sic) and insignificant, if not utterly impossible. - Simon Newcomb; The Wright Brothers flew at Kittyhawk 18 months later. 8. Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible. Lord Kelvin, British mathematician and physicist, president of the British Royal Society, There will never be a bigger plane built. A Boeing engineer, after the first flight of the 247, a twin engine plane that holds ten people 10. Nuclear-powered vacuum cleaners will probably be a reality in 10 years. - Alex Lewyt, president of vacuum cleaner company Lewyt Corp., in the New York Times in 1955