Government in Canada

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1 Government in Canada

2 Confedera/on Review On July 1, 1867 Ontario, Quebec, Nova Sco:a and New Brunswick united under the Bri:sh North America (BNA) Act John A. Macdonald was our first Prime Minister of Canada The remaining provinces joined on: Manitoba, Northwest Territories July 15, 1870 BC July 20, 1871 PEI July 1, 1873 Yukon June 13, 1898 Alberta, Saskatchewan September 1, 1905 Newfoundland and Labrador March 31, 1949 Nunavut April 1, 1999

3 Governments in Canada Canada is a federal state, parliamentary democracy and cons:tu:onal monarchy. A federal state brings together a number of different poli:cal communi:es with a central government (federal) for na:onal ma\ers and separate local governments (provincial/ territorial) for local affairs. As a parliamentary democracy, we elect members to our parliament and legislatures across the country. As a cons/tu/onal monarchy, Canada s head of state is a hereditary sovereign (queen or king), who reigns in accordance with the Cons:tu:on.

4 Three Levels of Government Canada is a very large country with different needs and interests. In order to meet the needs of ci:zens, the Canadian government is structured into a three- level system: federal, provincial/territorial and municipal/local. Each level has its own arrangement of elected and appointed officials as well as a unique set of responsibili:es.

5 Three Branches of Government Legisla/ve Branch: Creates laws, rules and regula:ons under federal jurisdic:on. The legisla:ve branch is made up of federal elected representa:ves called Members of Parliament. Execu/ve Branch: Responsible for government opera:ons, and implemen:ng and enforcing laws and regula:ons. Includes the Queen s representa:ve (the governor general) and cabinet ministers (appointed by the prime minister). Judicial Branch: Interprets the law and determines the penalty for those who violate established laws, rules and regula:ons. Includes the Canadian court system, which is headed by the Supreme Court and nine appointed judges.

6 Federal The elected representa:ve at the federal level is called a Member of Parliament (MP). Canadians will elect 338 MPs in the current elec/on. This is the federal legisla:ve body, which creates or enacts laws. MPs debate and pass laws in the House of Commons in O\awa. The leader of the government is called the prime minister. The Queen is represented by the governor general.

7 Provincial/Territorial The elected representa:ves are called Members of the Legisla/ve Assembly (MLAs), Members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs), Members of the Na/onal Assembly (MNAs) or Members of the House of Assembly (MHAs), depending on the province or territory. Elected representa:ves debate and pass laws at the provincial or territorial legislature. The leader of the government is called the premier. The Queen is represented by a lieutenant governor in Canada s ten provinces and by a territorial commissioner in the three territories.

8 Municipal/Local The elected representa:ve at the municipal level is called a councillor or alderman. The head of the council is called a mayor, reeve or chairperson. The size and structure of the council differs depending on the popula:on it represents.

9 Sec/on 91-95, Cons/tu/on When they chose a federal form of government, the Canadian Fathers of Confedera:on assigned par:cular responsibili:es to the federal and provincial governments (outlined in Sec:ons 91 95, Cons%tu%on Act). This division of powers is based on the idea of subsidiarity, meaning that the government level closest to the issue governs it. Municipal/local governments receive powers from their province or territory.

10 Division of Responsibili/es Federal: Jus:ce, ci:zenship and immigra:on, na:onal defence, currency, public safety, fisheries and oceans Provincial/Territorial: Educa:on, healthcare delivery, environment, energy Municipal/Local: Road maintenance, water and sewer service, recrea:on and community facili:es, libraries, police protec:on services

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12 Final Thoughts Is government important? Why or why not? How does government affect your life? Why is it important to know who your elected representa:ve is?

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