[ 1.2 ] Types of Government

Transcription

1 [ 1.2 ] Types of Government U.S. Congress & Great Britain s Parliament P.M. Theresa May & President Donald Trump

2 [ 1.2 ] Types of Government Learning Objec<ves Classify governments according to three sets of characterisbcs. Define systems of government based on who can parbcipate. IdenBfy ways that power can be distributed, geographically, within a state. Describe a government by the distribubon of power between the legislabve branch and execubve branch.

3 Classifying Governments PoliBcal ScienBsts have developed a number of ways to classify governments: 1. Who can par,cipate 2. Geographic distribu,on of power within the state 3. Rela,onship between the legisla,ve and execu,ve branches The United Kingdom is a consbtubonal monarchy, in which a monarch acts as head of state guided by a consbtubon. In parliament, Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip sit on thrones.

4 Who Can Par<cipate? Democracies and Dictatorships Democracy Supreme polibcal authority rests with the people Can be direct or indirect Direct the people give direct input into public policy through mass meebngs Indirect a small group of persons, chosen by the people to act as their representabves Are held accountable to the people through periodic elecbons (Republic sovereign power is held by those eligible to vote while polibcal power is held by those they represent) Dictatorship Where those who rule cannot be held accountable to the will of the people Oldest and most common form of government Autocracy one person holds unlimited power Oligarchy power to rule is held by a small, usually self-appointed elite. Will somebmes give the appearance of control by the people only for show OUen are militarisbc Theocracy legal system is based on religious law

5 Who Can Par<cipate? DemocraBc government derives its power from the people but can be either direct or indirect democracy. Analyze Charts Why might indirect democracy be bever for a larger populabon?

6 Who Can Par<cipate? In the United States, examples of direct democracy are only seen at the State or local level. Direct democracy works bever in smaller groups where everyone can meet together and make decisions as a group.

7 Who Can Par<cipate? There are different forms of government all over the world. People express their will differently in each. Analyze Maps How does each government's reacbon differ to expressions of will?

8 Geographic Distribu<on of Power In every system of government, the power to govern is located in one or more places geographically. From this standpoint, three basic forms of government exist: unitary, federal, and confederate. Unitary government a centralized government where all powers of govt belong to a single agency Might create smaller units of govt. for convenience but only give them limited power Ex. Great Britain Federal government where powers of govt. are divided between central and local govts. Division of powers is made on a geographic basis and both levels of govt. act through their own laws, officials and agencies

9 Geographic Distribu<on of Power Power can be distributed between central (nabonal) and local governments in three different ways. Analyze Charts Which diagram best describes the distribubon of power in the United States?

10 Geographic Distribu<on of Power In the United States, local, State, and federal agencies ouen work together during domesbc disasters. Local police in Boston conferred with federal agents auer the Boston Marathon bombings.

11 Geographic Distribu<on of Power Countries with many different types of government are part of the European Union. Analyze Maps Based on this map, what generalizabon can you make about these governments?

12 Legisla<ve and Execu<ve Branches PoliBcal scienbsts also classify governments based on the relabonship between their legislabve (law-making) and execubve (law- execubng) agencies. Presiden<al features a separabon of powers between the execubve and the legislabve branches the branches are independent and co-equal The details for this type of government are almost always wriven in a consbtubon Has the advantage of avoiding arbitrary govt under one branch Parliamentary the execubve is made up of the prime minister or premier and that official s cabinet, who are all members of parliament The P.M. is the leader of the majority party or coalibon and is chosen by that body Remain in office as long as they have the support of the majority of parliament Has the advantage of avoiding deadlock between branches

13 Legisla<ve and Execu<ve Branches In a presidenbal democracy, voters elect both the legislabve and execubve branches of government. Analyze Charts How is the execubve branch related to the legislabve branch?

14 Legisla<ve and Execu<ve Branches Members of the South African parliament are sworn into office. A voter-elected NaBonal Assembly and a NaBonal Council of Provinces comprises the South African Parliament.