SOFC-FIELD TESTS WITH BIOMASS GASIFICATION DERIVED PRODUCT GAS FOR THE EVALUATION OF STATIONARY BIG-SOFC-CHP-CONCEPTS

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Rosalind Pope
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Speaker: Markus Kleinhappl instead of S. Martini stefan.

1 SOFC-FIELD TESTS WITH BIOMASS GASIFICATION DERIVED PRODUCT GAS FOR THE EVALUATION OF STATIONARY BIG-SOFC-CHP-CONCEPTS Speaker: Markus Kleinhappl instead of S. Martini M. Kleinhappl, J. Zeisler Bioenergy GmbH

2 Outline of the presentation BIG&SOFC Introduction Requirements on gas quality for SOFC operation Activities at Bioenergy Hot gas treatment, test facilities in Graz & Güssing SOFC-field tests Process parameter, gas and solid analysis Conclusion of tests Outlook Folie 2

3 Biomass Integrated Gasification & Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - Introduction solid biomass gasification filtration final treatment anode SOFC cathode heat air offgas High electrical efficiency at low power class (compare decentral biomass utilisation) Good part load behaviour due to modular concept high flexibility in multi-product-plants (heat, power, fuel, chemicals, etc.) High overall efficiency at low emission European activities: Biocellus, EWAB, BIO-SOFC-up, Real SOFC, etc. Folie 3

4 Requirements on gastreatment for catalytic units downstreams of gasification Product gas treatment catalytic reaction application 900 C H 2, CH 4 CO, H 2 O CO 2, N C 700 C Ni Ni SOFC tar reforming gasification coal, biomass Shown at Freiberg Conference 2010 particulate matter tar sulphur chlorine, ammonia, hydrocyanic acid metals, alkali metals (salts) 500 C 300 C 100 C Fe, Cr, Cu Fe, Rt Ni, Mg Co, Cr Co, ZnO Cu, Zn, Al 2 O 3 Cu, V, Co Pt, Co HT-Shift: H 2 /CO ratio ammonia-synthesis methane-synthesis LT-Shift : H 2 /CO ratio methanol-synthesis DME Fischer-Tropsch-fuels PEM Folie 4

High temperature gas treatment for clean gas applications - test facilities impurity

hydrogen sulphide 100-300 Figures for gasification of biomass: all mg/m³, usc SOFC

2 1,500 3,000 < 3,800 < 5 Graz, Austria: 30 m³/h (usc); high temperature staged biomass

via fixed bed adsorption; CO-shift reactor Güssing, Austria: 5 m³/h (usc); directly

adsorption for gas fine treatment (high temperature desulphurisation) Graz, Austria:

5 High temperature gas treatment for clean gas applications - test facilities impurity crude gas Particles, aerosols 10,000 40,000 tar 1,500 2,500 ammonia 1,000 2,000 hydrogen sulphide Figures for gasification of biomass: all mg/m³, usc SOFC required < 1.2 1,500 3,000 < 3,800 < 5 Graz, Austria: 30 m³/h (usc); high temperature staged biomass gasification; filtration of particulate matter; removal of chlorine & sulphur compounds via fixed bed adsorption; CO-shift reactor Güssing, Austria: 5 m³/h (usc); directly connected to 8 MW biomass gasification plant; metal wire filter unit, fixed bed adsorption for gas fine treatment (high temperature desulphurisation) Graz, Austria: Laboratory test bench for solid sorbent investigation, (200 to 800 C), drop in reactor, reactant gas mixing bench. Sampling & analyis Staged high temperature gas treatment unit, Graz Folie 5

Selected results hot gas filtration Parameter Dust separation Oper-temperature Crude gas dust Cleaned gas dust Real gas SHTG Graz Alumina-silicate-wool filter candle 500 700 C up to 10,000 mg/m³ 5-60

6 Selected results hot gas filtration Parameter Dust separation Oper-temperature Crude gas dust Cleaned gas dust Real gas SHTG Graz Alumina-silicate-wool filter candle C up to 10,000 mg/m³ 5-60 mg/m³, (max. 200 dependent on feedstock) Real gas FICFB Güssing Metal-membrane filter candle C up to 120,000 mg/m³ 0-5 mg/m³ activation of cleaning process at 15 mbar and low gas flow (3m³/h) 60 pressure drop [mbar] Folie operation time [hours]

Selected results hot gas desulphurisation Parameter Real gas - SHTG Laboratory Real gas - FICFB Desulphurisati on Soda-coated granulated clay ZnO-based spherical granules ZnO-based spherical granules

7 Selected results hot gas desulphurisation Parameter Real gas - SHTG Laboratory Real gas - FICFB Desulphurisati on Soda-coated granulated clay ZnO-based spherical granules ZnO-based spherical granules Ash of sewage sludge Cerium-coated ZnO-based cylindrical pellets ZnO-based spherical granules Adsorption temperature C adjustable C adjustable C adjustable H2S load [mg/m³] C 450 C 550 C Crude gas H 2 S concentration: Resid. H 2 S concentration (ZnOsorbent): 350 to 450 C 450 to 700 C mg/m³ 0.3 to 5 mg/m³ mg/m³, adjustable 0 to 2.5 mg/m³ 2.5 to 5 mg/m³ mg/m³ 0.2 to 5 mg/m³ > 25 mg/m³ sample number Application 60 hours HT-COshift 200 h SOFC operation Folie 7

8 Product gas operated SOFC field tests SOFC test-bench in Güssing for 1 kw; including all the process chain from product gas to SOFC-power production: continuously supply of product gas (Güssing gasification plant) high temperature gas treatment (filtration and fine treatment) gas and air heating elements // test bench automation for continuous long-term tests up to 1,000 hours monitoring process parameters, sampling & analysis Product gas y H 2 y CO y CO 2 y CH 4 =40 vol% =26 vol% =22 vol% =10 vol% Residual: N 2 impurities Water content: vol% Folie 8

operation time [h] SOFC test bench, Güssing Experiment I II III.a III.

9 Selected results SOFC-tests Operation of 3-cell-Stacks, micro tubular SOFC cell voltage [V] cell current [A] 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 product gas operation I - SOFC [A] U - SOFC [V] break down of product gas 0, operation time [h] SOFC test bench, Güssing Experiment I II III.a III.b Operation time [h] Stack-voltage [V] 0,61 0,58 0,6 0,5 Stack-current [A] 1,0 0,96 1,1 0,7 Current density [ma/cm²] SOFC-Stack in operation Folie 9

10 Characterisation of solids and gas Methods Continuous monitoring process parameter, main gas components Sampling: tar and particulate matter (tar guideline) trace elements (absorptive) Additional investigation : BTXE, PAH, total sulphur HCN-sampling (in CO 2 -gases) solids (dust, sorbents, additives) Analyses: HPLC, photometric methods, ICP-OES, GC-offline/online systems, electron microscopy + EDX, XRF Data evaluation operation behaviour, conversion rates, selectivity, separation rates, efficiencies, analytics optimisation Folie 10

11 SOFC field-tests Status reached so far Successful filtration with used technology over 260 hours Desulphurisation at 450 C, residual concentration <5 mg/m³ 4 successful SOFC field tests up to 60 hours; micro-tubular cells in 3-cell-stacks; 0.5 to 1 W steady SOFC-operation, but low power output and low efficiency due to stack-design-deficits (especially thermo-mechanical stability) and ohmic losses (electrical junction) Conclusion: To short SOFC-operation time for reliable evaluation of degradation effects and derived concentration limits Folie 11

Next steps: Planned activities Determination of SOFC key data for the application of biomass gasification derived fuel gas Tests of planar SOFC-units Long term operation 100 tol 1,000 h SOFC power

12 Next steps: Planned activities Determination of SOFC key data for the application of biomass gasification derived fuel gas Tests of planar SOFC-units Long term operation 100 tol 1,000 h SOFC power class of 200 W to 1,000 W Determination of impurity related damage mechanism Process evaluation and detailed crude-, cleanedand off-gas characterisation 200 Watt SOFC-Stack, source Almus AG Determination of integration strategies for stationary biomass CHP with SOFC & µ micro gas turbine Folie 12

13 Biomass Integrated Gasification & Solid Oxid Fuel Cell Advantages of system BIG-SOFC coal, biomass fuel gas, f 1 : 100% anode fuel utilization: η el,sofc-sys =45-55% U f,sofc =60-80% gasification plant ash gas treatment C η el,sofc =65-80% SOFC Q loss cathode 800 C fuel gas, f 2 : 20-40% 100% Basis = V& f 1 * LHV f 1 η el,sofc-sys = V& f 1 Pel * LHV f 1 = η el,sofc * U f, SOFC η el,μgt =28-30% η el,μgt-sys =8-12% η el, μgt-sys = V& f 1 P el, ηgt * LHV f 1 = η el, μgt *(1 U f, SOFC ) air micro gas turbine heat η el, Sys =55-65% at variable heat utilisation Folie 13 flue gas

14 Looking for further collaborations. For initiatives of plant manufacturers to demonstrate together this technology of hot gas clean up and SOFC-operation For scientific partners to investigate detail of hot gas clean up and characterisation of SOFC-real gas operation. In general for material testing within reductive product gas (sealings, filter elements, test specimen,..) Specific interests of gas characterisation of S, Cl, mineral aerosols, high temp. corrosion Thank You for Your kind attention! Folie 14

15 SOFC-FIELD TESTS WITH BIOMASS GASIFICATION DERIVED PRODUCT GAS FOR THE EVALUATION OF STATIONARY BIG-SOFC-CHP-CONCEPTS S. Martini M. Kleinhappl, J. Zeisler Bioenergy GmbH

16 State of technology - biomass integrated gasification European projects Biocellus: 10 research institutes & 6 industrial partners: TU Munich, TU Graz, TU Athens, Paul Scherrer Institute, etc. Process simulation of integration concepts ( top-cycle with mikrogasturbine: 55 % η el ) material investigation of SOFC-components gas treatment for SOFC-operation 1200h-single cell tests under laboratory conditions degradation <1%/1,000h 24h-stack tests with biomass gasification derived fuel gas Influence of tar, sulphur, chlorine and other gas impurities EWAB: ECN (Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands) Biomass, ECN Fuel Cell Technologies Process simulation of integration concepts Conventional gas treatment unit ( C) 48 h-test with state-of-the-art Sulzer-Hexis (5-planar-cell-stack, 80 W), operated with product gas of two stage gasifier (Pyromaat) 35 38% η el Folie 16

17 State of technology - biomass integrated gasification European projects Bio-SOFC-up NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim) gas treatment for SOFC-operation 5 kw-stack tests with biomass gasification derived fuel gas no results available Real SOFC Risoe, Haldor Topsoe, ECN, Plansee, FZ-Jülich, etc. SOFC material and stack design development 500W stack over 2,000 h (laboratory test conditions) purpose of developing commercial SOFC Other projects UMSICHT-Fraunhofer: SOFC-System integration analysis KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology): characterisation of gasification gas specifications for SOFC operation FZ-Jülich, KIT, Plansee, AVL: SOFC material development Probio: IKTS-Fraunhofer, Plansee, Staxera: material development of SOFC-components, interconnectors; stack design and sealing technology; 6,000 h stack operation with reformate natural gas Folie 17

Process Integrated Carbon Capture (CC) Field Tests And Further Perspectives In Industrial Processes

Process Integrated Carbon Capture (CC) Field Tests And Further Perspectives In Industrial Processes Speaker: Markus Kleinhappl instead of S. Martini stefan.martini@bioenergy2020.eu M. Kleinhappl, J. Zeisler