Radioactive waste management strategy in Belarus

Transcription

1 Technical Meeting Towards Nuclear Energy System Sustainability Waste Management and Environmental Stressors Radioactive waste management strategy in Belarus B. Popov Joint Institute for Power and Nuclear Research Sosny National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Vienna - IAEA 25th May 2016

2 Content Experience of Radioactive Waste Management The national program of nuclear power development Belarusian NPP fuel cycle Strategy of radioactive waste management waste of operation spent fuel References 2

3 Experience of Radioactive Waste Management. Spent Fuel Since August 1985 the mobile nuclear power plant Pamir- 630D had been tested in the test complex Iskra of SSI JIPNR Sosny. Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of November 1987 stopped the NPP testing and started its decommissioning works. Fuel assemblies unloaded from the reactor core from 1990 to 2010 were placed to the pool-type spent assemblies storage facilities within the test complex Iskra. In 2010 spent fuel was unloaded from the storage facility and dispatched to the Russian Federation under the intergovernmental agreement. Uranium and radioactive waste obtained from processing shall remain in the Russian Federation. Currently, SSI JIPNR Sosny is performing decommissioning of the spent nuclear fuel storage and management facility Iskra. 3

4 Experience of Radioactive Waste Management Radioactive waste management shall be performed by specialized enterprises with a respective special permit (license) issued by the Ministry for Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus: Communal Unitary Enterprise Ekores performs management of disused sealed radionuclide sources and radioactive waste resulting from the use of radioactive substances and materials in industry, science, medicine and other economy branches, as well as their transportation across the republican territory; Republican Specialized Unitary Enterprises Polesie (Gomel) and Radon (Mogilev) of MES perform disposal of unusable courtyards and buildings, 8 decontamination of territories contaminated as a result of Chernobyl NPP catastrophe, as well as collection, transportation, storage and disposal of the associated radioactive waste. In addition, the specified enterprises perform arrangement and maintenance of such waste disposal locations. SSI JIPNR Sosny performs processing of liquid radioactive waste formed as a result of research work at the site of SSI JIPNR Sosny. 4

5 The national program of nuclear power development Construction of nuclear power plant for heat supply of Minsk was started in the 80s of the last century. It has not been completed. In the post-soviet period the rationale for the development of the nuclear power program in Belarus began in the early 90s. The Security Council's decision of the Republic of Belarus 15 January 2008 on the construction of a nuclear power plant can be regarded as the beginning of the implementation of the nuclear power program in present Belarus. 5

6 The national program of nuclear power development Program of nuclear power development in its present form is the intention of the construction of two units of the Russian NPP-2006 project capacity of 1194 MW el. each and the development of infrastructure necessary for the functioning of the nuclear power system. Other decisions on the construction of nuclear power sources are not yet available. 6

7 Belarusian NPP fuel cycle Two main strategies of nuclear fuel cycle are considered: a) an open fuel cycle (FC) with the final disposal of spent fuel assemblies (FA) without reprocessing; b) partially closed FC with reprocessing of irradiated fuel assemblies using residual uranium and plutonium accumulated and final disposal of highlevel reprocessing waste. All stages of the Belarusian NPP fuel cycle front end - from mining to production of nuclear fuel in the form of fuel assemblies - will be situated in Russian Federation. 7

8 Directions of activity in the field of RW management keeping radioactive waste formation at the lowest level practicable; development of new radioactive waste management technologies and improvement of existing ones; functioning of the state system for radioactive waste accounting and control; scientific, technical and information support of radioactive waste management; development of documentation for radioactive waste management regulation; extension of international cooperation for radioactive waste management regulation. 9

9 STRATEGY for Belarusian NPP RW management Strategy is adopted by the Ordinanse of Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus Developed to meet the above principles of RW management. Principles established in paragraph 6 of the rules and regulations to ensure nuclear and radiation safety "Safety of Radioactive Waste Management. General Provisions ", approved by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus of 28 September Source: СМ%20РБ/type-Постановление/ htm 10

10 STRATEGY for Belarusian NPP RW management Strategy contains 5 chapters: 1. General provisions 2. RW management system 3. Objectives and main directions of the Strategy implementation 4. Financing of the Strategy activities 5. Expected results of the Strategy 11

11 1. General provisions In accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus the basic principles of radiation safety assurance during radioactive waste (RW) management shall be as follows (recommended by IAEA): assurance of adequate level of workers (personnel) and population protection from RW impact in accordance with justification, standardization and optimization principles; assurance of adequate level of environment protection from RW impact; expected exposure levels of future generations conditioned by RW disposal shall not exceed permissible levels of population exposure established by normative legal acts, including by technical normative legal acts; consideration of interconnection between RW generation and management stages; absence of unreasoned burden for future generations in relation to necessity of RW management safety assurance; RW generation and accumulation shall be kept to the lowest level practicable; radiation accidents prevention and reduction of possible impacts on their occurrence. In accordance with legislation, radioactive waste formed only in the Republic of Belarus may be imported for the purpose of storage or disposal on the territory of the Republic of Belarus. 12

12 2. RW management system Waste management system includes collection, sorting, cleaning, processing, conditioning, transport and storage of radioactive waste generated during operation of a nuclear power plant. For the purposes of the safe management of radioactive waste management system resolves following issues: the handling of gaseous radioactive waste - cleaning waste before discharge into the atmosphere to a state that satisfies the sanitary standards; the handling of liquid waste cleaning waste from radionuclides - the concentration of radionuclides in the minimum volume of liquid and transfer the concentrated radioactive waste into a form suitable for storage; the handling of solid waste - to minimize the volume of radioactive waste and the safe and secure storage for the lifetime of nuclear power plants. 12

13 3. Objectives and main directions of the Strategy implementation In order to achieve the objectives of the Strategy is necessary to solve the following main tasks: minimization of waste various types and categories volumes due to the introduction of technical solutions that ensure the improvement of waste management system; implementation of administrative and organizational measures to build and sustain a strong culture of radioactive waste management at the nuclear power plant; implementation of a complex of preparatory work and construction of disposal facilities for very low level, lowlevel radioactive waste and intermediate-level radioactive waste with its expansion after the decommissioning of the nuclear power plant; study the question of the construction of the high level radioactive waste disposal facility in deep geological formation. 13

14 3. Objectives and main directions of the Strategy implementation To minimize the volume of waste of various types and categories following activity is planned: preparation and implementation of measures to reduce the concentration of radionuclides in the primary circuit coolant of nuclear power plants on the basis of new scientific and technical developments; the introduction of more efficient and low-waste methods and technical means of decontamination of waste; improving the solidification technology of liquid radioactive waste with the use of new materials; the use of improved technical means and methods of identification of waste to ensure the reliable separation of categories; development and implementation of organizational and technical measures to implement the principles of valuation, analysis, accounting and control of RW, preparation and promotion of workers (personnel) nuclear power plant. 14

15 3. Objectives and main directions of the Strategy implementation Implementation of following measures is provided for the purpose of construction of waste disposal facility: complex of survey work on the choice of site of radioactive waste facility in accordance with the requirements of normative documents held not later than 2023; preparation by 2023 of Declaration on intentions for design and construction of waste disposal facilities to send it to the local executive body for consideration and approval; development of radioactive waste disposal project documentation until 2026 in accordance with the requirements of normative legal acts; construction until 2028 the first phase of radioactive waste disposal facilities to accommodate RW formed in a nuclear power plant in ten years of its operation for the amount of waste around 1560 cubic meters, including a very low-level radioactive waste cubic meters, low-level radioactive waste cubic meters, the intermediate level radioactive waste cubic meters and solidified liquid radioactive waste cubic meters. 15

16 3. Objectives and main directions of the Strategy implementation Complex of research works to develop methods of dealing with high-level radioactive waste will be carried out, including: analysis of technological solutions on the disposal of high level radioactive waste in deep geological formations organization system ; identification of possible sites for high level RW disposal; selecting the design solutions for the construction of disposal facilities; estimate financial cost of its construction. 16

17 4. Financing of the activities of the Strategy In order to fund research, development and other work to maintain and improve the safety of nuclear installations, and (or) the storage facility operating organization create financing fund to maintain and improve the safety of nuclear installations, and (or) storage facility, to be set up before the commissioning of a nuclear facility and (or) storage facility. In addition, research and development will be carried out at the expense of existing State programs of scientific research. 17

18 Funding long term spent fuel handling and final disposal, waste management In accordance with Art. 21 of Law of Republic of Belarus on the Use of Nuclear Energy the Fund being created by the operator to perform work on decommissioning, early decommissioning or limiting the performance of the nuclear installation and (or) storage facility. This Fund is used in accordance with the law only for the above purposes. For a nuclear power plant or unit decommissioning fund is formed at the expense of funds received from the sale of electricity and thermal energy and the provision of other services, as well as from other sources not contradicting the legislation. In accordance with Art. 31 of the Law in order to fund research, development and other work to maintain and improve the safety of nuclear installations, and (or) storage facility, the operating organization creates works financing Fund to maintain and improve the safety of nuclear installations, and (or) storage facility, to be set up to the commissioning of a nuclear facility and (or) storage facility. 18

19 5. Expected results of the Strategy The implementation of this Strategy will contribute: improving the waste management system; minimize the generation of waste of various types and categories during the operation of nuclear power plant; lower maintenance costs for service waste management system; providing conditions for the reliable operation of nuclear power plants by creating storage (disposal) system for very low-level, low-level and intermediate-level radioactive waste; creation of conditions for the construction of highlevel radioactive waste disposal facility. 19

20 Fresh and spent fuel Supply of fresh fuel on the Belarusian NPP will be regulated on the basis of the future Treaty between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. The agreement provides the inclusion of the National strategy for management of spent fuel and radioactive waste, which is being developed in accordance with the provisions of the IAEA Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and Radioactive Waste Management. After unloading the SF from the reactor of the Belarusian NPP will be sent to the reactor SF cooling pond. System of storage provides SF storage at the reactor building for 10 years, taking into account the planned congestion and discharge the entire core at any time of NPP operation. After holding of SF in the pond to achieve a residual heat settings and activities, suitable for SF assemblies loading in the transport containers, SF is sent to the transport - logistic system (TLS) of spent nuclear fuel and high level waste management and reprocessing in Russia. 20

21 Spent fuel Currently 4 main options for the spent fuel and waste management strategy are under investigation: 1) technological storage of SF in Russia and disposal it in a geological repository without reprocessing; 2) technological storage of SF in Belarus and disposal it in a geological repository without reprocessing; 3) technological storage of SF in Russia, followed by its reprocessing in Russia; 4) technological storage of SF in Belarus, followed by its reprocessing in Russia. 21

22 Resolving tasks Taking into account requirements of national rules and safety standards at all levels of management with "fresh" and spent nuclear fuel of the Belarusian NPP a set of techniques has been developed for resolving following tasks: determination of the optimal duration of the process of technological storage of SF from the time of unloading from the cooling pond until reprocessing; comparison of variants of technological storage of SF of the Belarusian NPP in Russia and in Belarus; assessment of investment and operating costs for the final disposal of highly radioactive waste of SF reprocessing in Belarus; comparison of the transport - logistic system different options of the Belarusian NPP SF and high level waste of its reprocessing in Russia. 22

23 References Strategy of RW management - СМ%20РБ/type- Постановление/ htm Belarusian NPP - Department of Regulatory Body - THE FIFTH NATIONAL REPORT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS FOR THE JOINT CONVENTION ON THE SAFETY OF SPENT FUEL MANAGEMENT AND ON THE SAFETY OF RADIACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT Belarus Nuclear Power Profile

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29 Thank you for your attention 24