Contents Current Ozone statues Ozone Monitoring Monitoring Network Network in in K orea Korea III Ozone Policy and Management

Transcription

1 Current status t of ozone management and policy in Korea

2 Contents I Current Ozone statues II Ozone Monitoring Network in Korea III Ozone Policy and Management

3 Current ozone status- Ozone warning Outbreak of Ozone Warning (1995~2007) Count of Warning Conc. (ppm) Days of Ozone Warning and Maximum Conc Max.Conc Days Days of Ozon ne Warning Year Month '95 '96 '97 '98 ' Number of ozone warning cities Number of ozone warning days Warning Frequency Hourly maximum conc. (ppm)

4 Current ozone status- Ozone warning Tendency of ozone warning days The number of ozone warning days (0.12ppm/hr) tends to be increasing nationwide. The capital region (Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon) accounted for approximately 50% of the total ozone warning in In Jeonnam ( Gwangyang Bay), the number of ozone warning cases tends to be increasing since 2006, and in Ulsan the number of warning has been increasing since Status of ozone warning Brackets ( ): the number of ozone warning days City and province (As of Sep. 14) total 156(27) 84(19) 52(22) 82(30) 101(32) 60(20) Seoul 9(5) 17(5) 3(1) 20(7) 23(8) 14(6) Busan 3(2) 2(2) 9(7) 1(1) 9(7) 6(2) Daegu 9(5) 1(1) 2(1) 1(1) 5(3) 1(1) Incheon 8(6) 7(4) 1(1) 11(7) 15(12) 9(5) Daejeon 3(2) Gwangju 2(1) - 1(1) Ulsan 7(6) 3(3) 4(3) 8(4) 9(4) 12(7) Gyeonggi 83(14) 39(9) 17(7) 16(8) 13(8) 8(4) Gangwon 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) - 5(5) Chungbuk 1(1) Chungnam (1) 4(4) 2(2) Jeonbuk Jeonnam 15(9) 8(6) 5(3) 22(15) 15(10) 2(1) Gyeongbuk - 3(3) 1(1) Gyeongnam 14(4) 2(2) 7(7) - 8(8) 1(1)

5 II Ozone Monitoring Network in Korea

6 Ozone monitoring network in Korea O 3 monitoring Background 6 Rural 15 Urban 233 Roadside 29 Photochemical pol. Hazardous pol. 31 Acid Deposition(ATM) Acid Deposition(wet) Acid Deposition(dry) Visibility 4 Greenhouse Gas 1 Heavy Metal 48 Multi-pollutant Super Site 15 Level III Level II Level I

7 Ozone monitoring network in Korea Ozone Monitoring System Expansion Plan Nu umber of st tations 200 '98.12 ' urban Roadside Background Rural

8 Ozone monitoring network in Korea Monitoring i station ti O 3 Analyzer Species detected O 3 Technique UV Photometric 254nm Range response Time Detection Limit <500 ppb 5min 1 ppb O 3 monitoring station check-up Occasional check-up Weekly check-up UPS output voltage Temperature (18~30 ) Moisture device of the sampling tube Condition of moisture in the Analyzer tube Data logger (identical to real time) Change of filter UV lamp sensitivity Sample pressure and temperature Zero offset Zero Monthly check-up UV Lamp sensitivity check and adjustment Zero Scrubber check and adjustment Sample temperature and pressure check and adjustment Absorption Tube Check

9 Ozone monitoring network in Korea Variation of air pollutant distribution for all station since NO 2 : oscillate PM 10 : stagnated O 3 : increased such as NOx and VOC. Pb : recently stagnated. NO2 (ppm) PM10( / ) O3 (pp m) Pb(μg/m 3 )

10 Ozone monitoring network in Korea Variation of Ozone distribution for all station ~ percentile of Ozone daily maximum 8hr average 99.9 percentile of Ozone 1hr average O 3 (ppm) 0.08 O 3 (ppm) '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 Year 0.02 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 Year

11 Ozone monitoring network in Korea Total count of excess the standard at each monitoring station 500 O3 ( > 0.1ppm/1h ) 500 O3 ( > 0.06ppm/8h ) range range 0 0 ~ 5 5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 5 5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O3 ( > 0.1ppm/1h ) 500 O3 ( > 0.06ppm/8h ) range range 0 0 ~ 5 5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 5 5 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

12 Ozone monitoring network in Korea Diurnal distribution of Ozone Urban Roadside Background O 3 (ppm m) 0.05 O 3 (ppm m) 0.05 O 3 (ppm m) Hour Hour Hour Monthly distribution of Ozone Urban Roadside Background O 3 (ppm) O 3 (ppm) O 3 (ppm) Month Month Month

13 Photochemical monitoring system - Overview Purpose and Type - To understand the distribution of ozone precursor concentration - To identify and control VOC sources - To find reduction measures of ozone by understanding the characteristics of its photochemical h process Organization - Type I: Upwind background site - Type II: Maximum emissions site - Type III: Maximum ozone site - Type IV: Extreme downwind site

14 Photochemical monitoring system Nationwide (15 stations) Capital regions (8 stations) Gwaninmyeon (4) SeokmoS k do(1) Han River Bulgwang -dong (3) Simggokgg ong (2) West Sea Guwoldong (2) 탄벌 Tanbeoldong (3) 동(3) Gocheondong (3) Gwangyang Bay (2 stations) Busan (5 stations) Jeonggwan g-dong(4) g dong(4) Golyakdong Jangjeondong (3) Jungheun g-dong Danggamdong g ((2)) Daeyeon Daeyeondong (2) Taesongdae (1) G Ganghah myeon(4)

15 Photochemical monitoring Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) The rate of VOC contribution to ozone creation is related to VOC concentration and POCP. The rate is decided depending on the degree of VOCs and OH- reaction in the air (Ethylene (POCP :100) is used as a base compound) Contribution = ppb (molecular weight /22.4m3) POCP of each compound Contribution rate (%) = (Contribution of the compound/the total contribution of the compound) 100 In all stations, the 10 maximum compounds showed high contribution to ozone creation. Volatile Organic Compound POCP Major use Toluene 55 Organic solvent, automobile fuel Propane 40 Cooking fuel, LPG cars Ethylene 100 Petrochemical industry n-butane 40 LPG elements, Industrial combustion m/p-xylene 95 Organic solvent, Automobile fuel Iso-Butane 30 General fuel, aerosol propellant Propylene 105 Automobile fuel Iso-Pentane 30 Energy transport and storage Ethane 10 Petrochemical products Ethylbenezen 60 Organic solvent, automobile fuel

16 Photochemical monitoring 2.5 Contribution to ozone formation in the capital regions (Jan.~Sep. 2009) 기여율 (%) 농도 25 % 7.0 기여율 (%) 농도 35 % % % 25 % % % % % 0.5 5% % 5 % 0.0 % 0.0 % toluene propane ethylene n-butane m,p-xylene isobutane propylene isopentane ethane ethylbenzene benzene toluene propane ethylene n-butane m,p-xylene isobutane propylene isopentane ethane ethylbenzene benzene <Seokmori, Type 1> <Guwoldong, Type 2> Result In Seokmori (Type 1), the contribution rates (%) of Toluene and Ethylene to ozone creation were high In Guwoldong (Type 2), the contribution rates (%) of Toluene was vastly high at 30.48

17 Ⅲ Ozone Policy and Management

18 Ozone Policy and Management Basic Direction Ⅰ. Purpose - To address the outbreak of high concentration ozone cases and minimize the impacts by implementing ozone forecast and warning system Ⅱ. Reduction measures in the automobile sector - To promote reduction measures in the automobile sector, by increasing the use of CNG bus and electric-hybrid cars, strengthening emission permits, and leading a campaign to install exhaust reducing equipment in vehicles. Ⅲ. Workplace management measures - To strengthen workplace management measures, such as regulation of the total amount of exhaust from factories, management of high-emitting areas, and management of factories with pollutant emitting facilities or that release VOCs.

19 Ozone Policy and Management Current status s of Ozone forecast and warning system stem in Korea Ozone warning system was first operated in 1995, and ozone forecast system was in Ozone Warning: a system that enables the public to be alert on the outbreak of a high level of ozone implemented in 15 cities/provinces and 63 counties National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone: 1hr average (0.1ppm), 8hr average (0.06ppm) Ozone warning categories: Advisory(0.12ppm) warning (0.3ppm) ozone alert(0.5ppm) - Ozone Forecast: a system that tells ozone levels in advance based on air pollution concentrations and metrological data Implemented in seven cities (Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Daejeon, Gwangju, and Ulsan) Ozone Warning System Data Acquisition Data Analysis Forecast modeling Ozone Conc. Forecast Air pollution concentration (Monitoring sites) Meteorology Data (KMA) Meteorological forecast data (KAM) NO, O 2 3, etc. Wind direction, temperature, humidity, precipitations Sunshine hour, mixing height, etc. Statistical model (will change to a numerical model in the future) Forecast of ozone concentration and probability (Forecast on the previous day at 18:00)

20 Ozone policy and management Ⅱ. Reinforcement of measures on automobile emissions reduction Increase in the supply of CNG vehicles [The number of CNG vehicle supply in 2008: Capital region (12,177), 177) non- capital regions (6,901), and the total number of CNG vehicle supply (19,078)] Increase in the supply of green vehicles, such as electric-hybrid cars Strengthening allowable emission levels for new automobiles - Diesel Vehicles: strengthening the emission standard to the level of EURO-4 in 2006, and to the level of EURO-5 in Gas and gasoline vehicles: Introduction of Fleet Average System (FAS) Installation of DPF in the vehicle and renovation of LPG Engine (As of December 2008, the total number of vehicles is 100,807.) - Installation of Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), Pilot project for LPG renovation, etc. <Effect of reduction in ozone precursor level (%)> DPF installation DOC installation LPG renovation VOCs(THC) ~ HC + NOx 6.9~ Type of vehicle Large diesel cars Medium and small diesel cars 1ton/2.5 ton trucks

21 Ozone policy and management Ⅱ. Reinforcement of measures on automobile emissions reduction Conduct a Vehicle Exhaust Gas Monitoring Inspection - Extend the areas for monitoring inspection from the regions under air quality regulations to the metropolitan cities with over 500,000 population (since January 2008) Add 6 Cities (Chungju, Cheonanm Pohang, Changwon, Geonju, and Gimhae) to the 8 Metropolitan cities, including Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggido for monitoring inspection - In 2008, the number of monitoring equipments reached to Promote the public to reduce driving - Raise awareness on automobile idling causing fuel waste and increase of air pollution. - Conduct a campaign to settle down eco-traffic culture in the country. - Promote the public to avoid driving on ozone warning days by media

22 Ozone policy and management Ⅲ. Reinforcement of workplace management measures Implementation of Total Load Management System in the capital regions - Introduction of total load management system (July 2007) to reduce the emissions of ozone precursors - Planning to reduce precursor (NOx) emissions to 14% by 2010 and 36% by 2014 compared to the base year (2007) <Reduction target for Nox > Year Estimated emissions (ton) 119, , , ,596 Reduction Target - 16,560 28,996 42,930 Reduction rate over 2007 (%) Management of factories emitting high exhausts other than the capital regions - To reach a voluntary agreement (VA) with Gwangyang Bay, Ulsan, and Daesan Dangjin, which are densely populated with emission facilities - Reach a voluntary agreement (VA) with shipbuilding factories to reduce VOCs emissions VOCs emissions released during ship construction and outdoor ship painting should be reduced.

23 Ozone policy and management Ⅲ. Reinforcement of workplace management measures Regulation of emission facilities by strengthening their emission permits - Enforcement of new emission permits for NOx in January 2005 Generator facilities (using gas): 950(13)mg/Sm 3 70(13)mg/Sm 3 Incinerators (over 2ton/hr): 200(12)mg/Sm 3 80(12)mg/Sm 3 - Advance notice of a new emission i permit (Jan. 2007) for Nox-emitting i facilities, i i which will be enforced in 2010 Generator facilities (Use of liquid fuel, over 100MW): 250(4)ppm 100(4)ppm Boilers (Use of solid fuel): 250(4)ppm 150(4)ppm Reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emissions - Required to install Stage II Vapor Recovery Systems (installation of the system in steps between 2008 and 2012) - The annual emissions are expected to reduce by 5000ton/year from 9000ton/year after the implementation of Stage Ⅱ. - Strengthening the standard of VOC content, such as voc content in paints for construction or automobile repair, which are supplied and sold to the capital regions - Strengthening the standard of organic solvent content in steps (Initial establishment of the standard was in July 2005 Strengthening the standard in 2007 and 2010) - In summertime with high levels of ozone concentration To avoid the operation of facilities emitting VOCs, such as paint facilities, gas stations, etc. Move the time of gasoline entrance to the night time (by the Korea Gas Station Association)

24 Thank you for your attention.