Temperature Methanogenesis Regulation in Shallow Temperate Estuaries Sonia Moreno and F. Xavier Niell

Transcription

1 UNIVERSITY OF MÁLAGA Faculty of Sciences Departament of Ecology an Geology Spain Temperature Methanogenesis Regulation in Shallow Temperate Estuaries Sonia Moreno and F. Xavier Niell

2 Sampling Site Cuenca Palmones del River río Palmones Basin España Spain Embalse Charco Redondo de Reservoir Charco Redondo Río Palmones River Azud Dam Estuario Palmones del River río Palmones Estuary Bahía de Algeciras Bay Palmones Scale Escala 1:5 1 2 m Algeciras Bahía de Algeciras Bay

3 Sampling Site Palmones River Estuary (Spain) Algeciras Bay Palmones Sampling site

4 Sampling Site Palmones River Estuary (Spain) Saltmarsh covered by vegetation Intertidal sediment Saltmarsh covered by microbial mats River sediment

5 Methane Production Methanogens (Archaea) Organic matter mineralization ΔGº = - 31 KJ Organic C Inorganic C + CH 4 (acetate, methanol, ethanol...) Anaerobic environment

6 Methane Production Methane was measured into the sediment and onto it PRODUCTION is the diference between the methane concentration measured between two times.slurry EMISION is the amount of methane degaged from sediment during a period of time.core

7 Analytical methods Methane production rate was determined using the slurry technique described by Smith et al (1978).

8 Slurry technique described by Smith et al (1978) Analytical methods Sediment Oxygen free artificial seawater (sal. 35) Sediment-water (5% w/v) N 2 flow glove bag under N 2 atmosphere Headspace Incubation: 72 h, shake and darkness Temperature Substrate Competition with SRB Sulpahte inhibition Salinity inhibition 15, 25, 3 y 35º C 35º C 35º C 35º C 35º C Treatments: Control Substrate: acetate Inhibitor: molybdate Substrate+Inhibitor Sediment: Intertidal Vegetation Mat Treatments: Control Substrate 1: acetate Substrate 2: methanol Sediment: River Intertidal Vegetation Mat Treatments: Control Substrate 1: acetate Substrate 2: methanol Inhibitor: molybdate Substrate 1+Inhibitor Substrate 2+Inhibitor Sediment: River, Intertidal, Vegetation, Mat Treatments: Control SO 4 Na 2 (.1, 1, 5, 25, 5 y 1 mm) Sediment: River Treatments: Control Gradient of salinity (, 1, 2, 25, 3 y 35) Sediment: Palmones River Estuary (Spain) Tagus River Estuary (Portugal)

9 Analytical methods Methane production rate was determined using the slurry technique described by Smith et al (1978). Methane concentration was determined by gas chromatography.

10 -1 Tasa producción 4 CH nmol ml h Control Inhibitor Substrate Inhibitor+Substrate Intertidal Temperatura ºC Temperature Effect CH4 production -1 rate(nmol ml h -1 ) -1 Tasa producción 4 CH nmol ml h Temperatura ºC Control Inhibitor Substrate Inhibitor+Substrate.4.2 Control Inhibitor Substrate Inhibitor+Substrate Vegetation Mat Temperature ºC

11 Temperature Effect Tasa de producción de metano (nmol ml -1 h -1 ) Methane production rate 6 C ISRB Inhibitor SSubstrate 4 I+S Temperature Temperatura (ºC) (ºC) Methane production rate is <1 nmol ml -1 h- 1 up to 3ºC

12 Temperature Effect Tasa de producción de metano (nmol ml -1 h -1 ) Methane production rate 6 C ISRB Inhibitor SSubstrate 4 I+S Temperature Temperatura (ºC) (ºC) Methane production rate increases 6 times to 35º C

13 Substrate Effect Increasing of methane production rate Intertidal Vegetation Mat River Acetate Methanol

14 Methane Production vs Sulphate-reduction ORGANIC MATTER MINERALIZATION ΔGº = - 31 KJ Organic C SO 4 ΔGº = KJ Methanogens Sulphate-reduction bacteria (SRB) CH 4 SH 2 Inorganic C Rich-sulphate environment Anaerobic environment

15 Methane Production vs Sulphate-reduction Increasing of methane production rate Intermareal Vegetación Tapete Río Substrate: Acetate Substrate: Methanol 1 5 Substrate Inhibitor Substrate+Inhibitor

16 Methane Production vs Sulphate 4 Methane production rate (nmol ml -1 h -1 ) Inhibition of methane production 5-9% SO 4 Na 1 SO 4 Na concentration in Palmones (5-5 mm) mm SO 4 Na.1 mm 5 mm 25 mm 5 mm 1 mm Inhibition of methane production (%) SO 4 Na

17 Methane Production vs Salinity Sal. Sal. 25 España Spain Portugal Portugal Vila Franca Vila Franca Tagus Estuary Pancas Pancas Estuario del Estuario Tajo del Tajo Alcochete Alcochete Palmones Estuary Azud Estuario del río Palmones Palmones Océano Atlántico Océano Atlántico Corrorios Corrorios Rosário Rosário Scale Escala 1:5 1 2 m Algeciras Bahía de Bay Algeciras Sal. 35 Sal. 3 Sal. 1 Sal. 35

18 Methane Production vs Salinity Inhibition of methanogenesis (%) Tagus River Estuary Palmonrs River Esturary Salinity

19 Methane Production vs Salinity Methane production rate (nmol ml-1 h-1) Salinity 1 Inhibition of methane production 95% n Salinity in Palmones: 35 Control 1 us 2 us 25 us 3 us 35 us Inhibition of methane production (%) Salinity

20 Gas Dynamic in Palmones River Estuary The Mineralization Processes Implicated in Gas Dynamics in the Intertidal Sediment H 2 S Water-Air Ethanol Denitrificans? Intertidal sediment SRB H 2 S Another organic compounds Precipitates of S FeS 2 Acetate Acetotrophic Methilotrophic Methanol CH 4 Anaerobic oxidation

21 Gas Dynamic in Palmones River Estuary The Mineralization Processes Implicated in Gas Dynamics in the Salt Marsh Sediment N 2 Air O 2 Respiration Salt marsh sediment Ethanol Denitrification N 2 Glucose? SRB?? Acetate Acetotrophic Metilotrophic Methanol CH 4 Anaerobic oxidation

22 Gas Dynamic in Palmones River Estuary Gas Production and Emission in situ (Summer) 32.34% 79.1%.54% 2.84% N 2 N CH 4 CH 4 CH Canal Main Intermareal Intertidal Salt Marisma marsh covered baja (vegetación) by vegetation Saltmarshcoveredby Marisma alta (tapete) mat Chanel ºC Tapetes Microbial microbianos mat Emisión Gas emission de gases to the Vegetación Salt marsh vegetation de marisma a la atmósfera atmosphera (Sarcocornia sp.) sp.) La producción de Methane metano y and nitrógeno molecular molecular nitrogen se production expresa como in nmol g -1 g -1 d d -1-1

23 CH 4 in Palmones River Estuary and another ecosystems Site Ecosystem Observation Watson and Nedwell (1998) Ellergrower Moss (New Galloway, Escocia) Great Dun Fell (Cumbria, England) Peat hollow peat In situ temperature :14.9º C Production (nmol ml -1 h -1 ) wet peat Furtado and Casper (2) Dagow lake (Brandenburg, Germany) Eutrophic lake In situ temperature: 12º C 1.25 Temperature: 22º C 6 Present study (28) Palmones River Estuary (Algeciras Bay, Spain) Intertidal In situ temperature: 3º C.58 Salt marsh (vegetation) Salt marsh (mat) In situ temperature: 35º C.29 In situ temperature: 4º C.79

24 Sampling Site 1. Estuarine sediments in temperate areas (Mediterranean and South European Atlantic) are not a source of methane emission 2. Methane production into the sediment is limited by: Temperature below 3º C Salinity at regular concentrations Organic substrate concentrations Competition with sulphate reduction bacteria 3. Emission has NEVER been detected

25 There are some differencen between text-book explanations and true behaviour of the systems IS THIS a HAT?

26