Power to Gas (& liquids)

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1 Power to Gas (& liquids) Peter Holtappels Head of Section Fundamental Electrochemistry Contributors: DTU Energy Conversion Mogens Mogensen Fabrizio Salvati Jonathan Hallinder Frank Allebrod Irina Petrushina Erik Christensen Eva Ravn Nielsen Energinet.dk Andres Bavnhøj Hansen DONG Aksel Hauge Pedersen Haldor Topsøe John Bøgild Hansen

2 Content Motivation: the wind power perspective State-of-art Power to gas Power to Hydrogen Power to Methane Ongoing developments Power to Liquids Future R&D

3 The intermittent nature of wind power challenges the existing electricity system Wind profiles in January MW Load Periods with 2 Periods with 3 surplus deficit of power of power Periods requiring fast ramping of back up capacity 4 Alternatives to grid support* from conventional power plants must be identified *Voltage and frequency control etc. Aksel Hauge Perdersen, Ws Electrolysis and CO 2 -Recycling for Production 3 of Green Fuels DTU Risø Campus, Roskilde, Denmark - April 9 11, 2013

4 Electrical energy storage Specht et al. FVEE AEE Topics 2009

5 Andres Bavnhøj Hansen, Ws Electrolysis and CO 2 -Recycling for Production of Green Fuels DTU Risø Campus, Roskilde, Denmark - April 9 11, 2013

6 Power-to-Gas Demonstration around DK Germany: already in the commercials in TV Hydrogen Falkenhagen (2MW) Audi (Werlte) (later stage) Eon Hamburg Thüga Munich Prenzlau (120 m 3 /h Werder (1MW ) Methane Fraunhofer Stuttgart ( kw) Audi, Werlte ( 6,3 MW) Graben Erdgas Schwaben (in planing) Netherlands NaturalHy: H 2 feed

7 Power to Gas: H H 2 O H 2 + ½O Temperature (ºC) Energy demand (KJ/mol) Liquid Gas 1/(2 n F) Energy demand (Volt) Total energy demand ( Hf) Electrical energy demand ( Gf) Heat demand (T Sf)

8 Low temperature electrolysis cells Separator Diaphragma Electro-catalysts Electro-catalysts

9 Water electrolysis development goals AEC State of art Current density Operating pressure Cyclability poor improved High Production capacity 500 Nm3/h 1000 Nm3/h Nm3/h Non energy costs (Euro/Kg Current density Operating pressure Efficiency non PGM catalysts 30-40% 60% 60% Durability hs hs > hs Non energy costs (Euro/Kg PEMFC

10 R&D for established water electrolysis Alkaline water electrolysis Diaphragma development ReSelyzer Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis Bipolar plates Ta coated steel Electro catalyst development Conv. current density A cm 2 Membrane development Alkaline Electrolysis

11 H2Ocean Development of a wind-wave ocean platform equipped for hydrogen generation Evaluation of electrolysis technologies suitable for this application Sea water, desalination, electrolysis Examine the water quality influence on the Degradation Lifetime Performance

12 Power to Gas: Methane

13 Aksel Hauge Perdersen, Ws Electrolysis and CO 2 -Recycling for Production of Green Fuels DTU Risø Campus, Roskilde, Denmark - April 9 11, 2013

14 Advanced Low T electrolysis concepts Immobilised liquid electrolytes Alkaline solutions 300 solid electrolytes H 2 O Anion H 2 + ½O exchange membranes porous ceramic matrix Energy demand (KJ/mol) Liquid Gas? phosphate Total energy demand materials ( H f ) with 1.30 Electrical energy demand ( G f ) Heat demand (T S f ) /(2 n F) Energy demand (Volt) proton conductivity between C Medlys Temperature (ºC)

15 Solid oxide electrolysis technology 300 H 2 O H 2 + ½O Energy demand (KJ/mol) Liquid Gas Total energy demand ( H f ) Electrical energy demand ( G f ) Heat demand (T S f ) /(2 n F) Energy demand (Volt) Stack voltage (V) A/cm A/cm 2 Temperature (ºC) Electrolysis time (h) Co-electrolysis: H 2 O + CO 2 H 2 + CO + O 2 See als pres. from Søren Højgaard Jensen: Session Fuel Cells and H2 Technologies

16 Power to Gas: system integration aspects

17 Power to gas/liquid fuels: thermal integration DME /MeOH: matches syn gas (SOEC product output) CH 4 : matches Biogas upgrading

18 SOEC-DME simulation - Low pressure case Two step process: Syn gas MeOH DME Plant efficiency for different values of investigated parameters, low p SOEC configurations

19 CASE Catalysis for Sustainable Energy The Dream Design Fixation of CO 2 and N 2 into synthetic fuels (MeOH, NH 3 ) RT, liquid electrolytes Cu electro catalysts IT, new electrolytes

20 Power To Gas & Liquids: A personal outlook Gas others than H 2 requires considerations of (at least) two reactions This could be in principle: Serial processes Integrated processes Direct electrochemical fuel synthesis Advanced H 2 O electrolysis + methanation co-electrolysis & Fischer Tropsch Eff > 60% CH4, 50-60% rd. Trip? Coventional H 2 O electrolysis Methanation eff 60% CH4 / 35 % rd. trip now midterm longterm

21 Thank you for your attention

Power to Gas (& liquids)

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