Efficient, Economic, Environmental (3E) Energy Systems for Sustainable Development A Viable Global Energy Strategy. 2 May 2017
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1 Efficient, Economic, Environmental (3E) Energy Systems for Sustainable Development A Viable Global Energy Strategy 2 May 2017
2 Energy is Humankind s Biggest Challenge! Three Existential Threats Wood Coal Oil Renewables 100+ more years 150+ more years World Pop. 0.6 B 1.3 B 7.6 B >9 B Fossil fuels and the existential threats: 1 Environment degradation direct and immediate harmful health effects 2 Climate change Greenhouse gas Long-term adverse planet-scale effects 3 Global energy system runs on exhaustible fossil fuels fossilized sunshine Common man solution is needed now!?? Inexhaustible Sunshine Fossilized Sunshine Proposition: Affordable, scalable energy systems that are ready to go and can build pathways to harnessing Earth s inexhaustible energy resource SUNSHINE 2
3 A Viable Long-Term Solution Harnessing, Storing & Distributing Sunshine Sunshine is humankind s vast inexhaustible clean energy resource 1 hour of Sunshine > 1 year of global energy needs How could renewable energy, particularly solar and wind, be stored and shipped across oceans and continents? 3
4 Liquid Sunshine Concept Turning Sunshine into a commodity Primary Alcohol Fuels 1 hour of Sunshine EXCEEDS 1 year of global energy needs Sunshine Storing Sunshine and CO 2 as alcohol fuels C 1 Methanol CH 3 OH C 1 to C 2 Conversion CO 2 CO 2 from recycling and air capture H 2 O End Users C 2 Ethanol C 2 H 5 OH Harnessing and bringing together sunshine and CO 2 to produce renewable storable alcohol fuels is the Liquid Sunshine concept. 4
5 Synergy of Electricity and Liquids instant multipurpose power & no emissions at point of use Grid storage Electricity Surplus Power Synergistic Dual Energy System Liquids versatile, easy to store & ship with global reach Gasoline, Diesel, LNG, Alcohols, etc. Liquid storage Regenerate Electricity Light / AC Appliances Mobile gadgets Transportation Machinery Materials 5
6 Reality: Battery is Costly Breakeven economics and end-of-life recycling costs plus recycling cost $470 $350 $55 $64 $115 $290 $125 Target cost of batteries 2020 $250 Current cost of batteries 10-kWh Tesla Powerwall Adapted from: Covert, Thomas, Michael Greenstone, and Christopher R. Knittel. Will We Ever Stop Using Fossil Fuels? Journal of Economic Perspectives 30, no. 1 (February 2016): Recycling assumption: Net cost of battery recycling assumed to be $150/kWh in 10 years 6
7 Technology Roadmap to Liquid Sunshine First to Fifth Generation (G) Methanol Technology 1G: Coal-based High Carbon 2G: Natural gas-based We are here TODAY! 3G: Natural gas / Coal* + Renewable Power (ULE) Low Carbon 4G: Natural gas / Coal + Biomass + Renewable Power 5G: CO 2 + H 2 from renewables Carbon Neutral *1G-Coal to methanol has higher CO 2 emissions due to its higher carbon to hydrogen ratio. This can be mitigated by introducing a separate hydrogen-rich source into the process, thereby also improving the yield. 7
8 Liquid Sunshine Technology Roadmap Phase I Carbon-Intensive Phase II Carbon-Light ULE Ready for large-scale deployment Ready for pilot testing Almost carbonneutral Phase III Carbon-Neutral 1G-Coal 2G-Gas 3G-Gas 3G-Coal 4G-Biomass 5G Deployed in China Deployed worldwide Existing Technologies New Technologies Coal Renewable Biomass Gas Nuclear CO 2 Capture 8
9 Alcohol-Based Fuels For Electricity, Heat and Mobility Turbines Fuel cells Engines Burners Utility scale power generation Off-grid power generation Industrial Transportation Residential applications Dimethyl-ether (DME), derived from methanol, can be used as fuel 9 for cooking, space heating, water heating
10 Tackling Today s Challenges Today Well Wheels Grave Nuclear Lithium extraction Fossil fuels Emissions of Pollutants Radioactive Nuclear Waste Flammable Hazardous Waste Air/Water/Soil Pollution 10
11 Treat the earth well it is borrowed from our children and our children's children. collective wisdom from the early centuries to the present 11
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