Flood Control Strategy and Smart Disaster Prevention

Transcription

1 2016 APEC Typhoon Symposium Flood Control Strategy and Smart Disaster Prevention Water Resources Agency, MOEA Wang, Ruey-Der Director-General 1 May 24, 2016

2 Outline Introduction Flood Control Strategy Smart Disaster Prevention Public Participation Conclusions 2

3 Introduction 3

4 Increase in Global Warming Temperatures soar in Northern Hemisphere, leading to acceleration of melting ice 2012/08/23 (National Snow and Ice Data Center) Acceleration of melting glaciers and drought in Himalayas 2010/12/07 (UNEP) Serious threat to the safety of coastal cities and water conservancy facilities The annual amount of melting ice in South Pole equals 1.3 million Olympic swimming pools 2015/03/02 (Data from NASA, scientist Cassanova) Warming seawater is melting the world s largest glacier in South Pole (Totten Glacier) 2015/01/27 (Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Climate and Environment) 4

5 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Published five assessment reports (AR), from AR1 to AR5: Number of authors: 34 ->258 Mode resolution: km grid ->50 50 km grid (AR km) IPCC International Trend Adaptation to Climate Change Ongoing confidence level: 66%->95% AR 1 AR 2 AR 3 AR 4 AR 5 Remind the world of global warming. Reaffirm global warming may have occurred. There are clear evidences of global warming, but whether it is related to human activities is still controversial. According to the simulation of atmospheric model, a causal relationship exists between human activities and global warming. Human activities may have caused irreversible impacts on the climate system, so the climate change is an important issue that cannot be avoided. It requires the world s consensus on carbon reduction and adjustments. 5

6 Global Warming Melting glaciers and polar iceberg Thermal expansion of ocean Increase in evapotranspiration snow accumulation decreases sea levels rises Typhoon intensifies Precipitation changes Increase in frequency of heavy rain or drought Snowmelt earlier and decrease in flow Scorching Wintry Increase in river flow Changes in water use patterns High tide level and Coastal erosion Flood scale increases Sediment disasters worsens Risk of drought increases 6 6

7 Taiwan highly suffers from natural disasters 90% of population suffer from two types of disasters Type of natural disaster: Earthquake, typhoon, flood, and drought Taiwan suffers from natural disasters more than Japan 2 types disasters 3 types disasters 1 type disaster 2 types disasters 3 types disasters Source: 160 areas 90 areas 35 areas Taiwan Taiwan Percentage of population 7

8 Flood Control Strategy 8

9 Comprehensive River Basin Management Plan mudslide and flood control bridge reconstruction Improvement in agricultural field drainage upstream slope soil and water conservation Territorial Planning 3D flood control Comprehensive water management River Basin management Improvement in rainwater sewer Improvement in flooding aquaculture area Improvement in city/county rivers and drainage Conservation of agri-food crops Comprehensive River Basin Management Plan Continual implement Innovative practice Enhancing management 9

10 Changes in Flood Control Strategy Conventional Methods New Thinking Linear Approach Flood Management Water Channel Management High-density Development Manual Disaster Prevention Focus only on safety Comprehensive Approach Runoff Distribution Outflow Control Low-Impact Development Technological Disaster Prevention Emphasize ecological environment 10

11 New Thinking of Comprehensive Basin Management Past Floods are taken in by river Present Floods are taken in by river and land All target industry competent authorities will participate in comprehensive management of river basins, including rivers and regional drainage, hillside water and soil retention, mountain flood prevention, rainwater sewage system, farmland drainage, aquaculture and etc. 1.Land development departments should establish flood reduction facilities to increase runoff absorption. 2.All target industry competent authorities will be responsible for runoff absorption 3. runoff distribution on existing land 11

12 Outflow Control and Runoff Distribution The current status of runoff distribution and outflow control promoted by Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs is as follows: Amendments to Directions for Review of Regional Drainage Plan Administered by Central Government were completed in August 2014 Comprehensive River Basin Management Plan-Implementation Plan of Runoff Distribution and Outflow Control was approved in May 2015 Taoyuan Aerotropolis, Dali River Watershed, and Tainan Annan District are selected as pilot sites. Commissioned services have been outsourced starting from May Impermeable paving New thinking of source handling Drain passage Roof reserve Permeable paving Rainfall Interception 12

13 Public Participation Create a multi-oriented system of public participation As of March, 2016, river management offices have organized 84 construction report seminars and 44 activities regarding construction design communication 13

14 Smart Disaster Prevention 14

15 Taiwan is in a dilemma. Severe monitoring the development of tropical depression and impact on Taiwan

16 Steep slopes, rapid flows, and fragile geology Short time of concentration, prone to disasters Dajia River Zhuoshui River Tamsui River Rhine Shinano River Tone River Colorado River Mekong River Comparison of River Slope 16

17 Four Steps for Smart Disaster Prevention-Monitoring, Early Warning, Report, Response Monitoring and early warning Forecast (long-term); observation (instant) Response Local implementation; central support 17

18 4 4 th Phase Typhoon leaves (Warning will be lifted) Four Steps for Early Warning of Typhoon-driven Floods Release Warning Take Actions 3 2ed Phase Land warning is released 3 rd Phase Typhoon lands (Disasters may occur) st Phase Sea warning is released Initiation: Risk assessment and forecast Assess high-risk rivers Assess areas prone to flooding Preparation: Disaster prediction Provide information on water resources early warning Response: Disaster monitoring Water resources early warning Release instant warning Collect disasters information and respond Restoration: Continuous disaster monitoring, prevention of secondary disasters Water resources early warning Release instant warning Collect information on disasters and repair 18

19 Early Warning by Using Forecasted Rainfall Data (Ensemble based Typhoon Quantitative Precipitation Forecast) Discharging High risk Medium risk Low risk 19

20 Warning Release Type of Warning Level 2 Warning Release Level 1 Warning Release Flood warning (Inner water) Water level warning (outer water) (divided into three levels) Real-time rainfall > Level 2 warning value Water level> Level 2 warning value Real-time rainfall> Level 1 warning value Water level > Level 1 warning value Reservoir discharge warning Expected (1-2 hour(s) later) discharge Start discharge Definition of flood warning: Level 2 warning If the county (township, city, district) releasing the flood warning continues to rain, flooding may start to occur within 3 hours in villages or roads prone to flooding. Level 1 warning If the county (township, city, district) releasing the flood warning continues to rain, flooding may have already occurred in villages or roads prone to flooding. 20

21 Develop disaster prevention tools to provide instant water information and early warning Mobile water information APP (Win8 developed in 2013) Downloaded by 130,000 users Top 10 Government APP Register user account online SMS notice Flood warning Water level warning Yuanshanzi Flood Diversion Reservoir discharge Over 40,000 users registered Register local call online Level 1 flood warning Have 2,159 welfare/disability organizations registered (Pilot in 2013, 5,000 users registered so far) Flood and Drought Prevention Fan Club 13,000 fans Reservoir discharge; emergency evacuation 21

22 LBS and Cell broadcast used for discharging warning notice LBS in specific regions; SMS notice in 57 locations Specific regions, non-specific objects (starting from Zengwen Dam in 2012) When Zengwen Dam discharges, the public will receive the discharge warning notice once entering the warning zone. Cell Broadcast Service (CBS) (available for 4G cell phones, starting from July 2016) 22

23 Use technology to master information on flood instantly Emergency Response System EMIC disaster Summarize disasters Sources of disaster information- EMIC system, Emergency Response System of Water Resources Agency, flood prevention volunteers, news media, automated image recognition system, automated flooding sensing system, flooding sensing, and corporate disaster report. The area of flooding and number of households are estimated through location of disasters reported, time, depth, and recession time. 23

24 Automated Image Recognition Technology System (Monitoring and Early Warning) water level (m) Level 一級警戒 1 warning Level 二級警戒 2 warning Level 三級警戒 3 warning Typhoon Soudelor m (08:47) 寶橋水位歷程圖 Water level of Bao Bridge Time (hr)

25 Automated Flooding Sensing Technology System Chunghwa Telecom junction box + Flooding sensor (72 sites in Taiwan)

26 Flooding Information collection by Local Calls 26

27 Automated assessment of flooding scope system Report the depth of flooding Select grid and analyze water level Scope of impact 數值地形呈現 Assess the depth Estimate the scope of impact, number of households effected and land influenced through the depth of flooding 27

28 Public Participation 28

29 1,541 Volunteers In 2015, they helped report 10,470 water disaster cases. 29

30 Before disaster: Care for the disadvantaged During disaster: Assist the disadvantaged evacuation 336 Flood Prevention Communities (46 new communities in 2016) In 6 typhoons, 739 communities launched community; 58 people were evacuated and no casualties occurred. During disaster: Patrol roads and report 30 After disaster: Restore drain paths

31 Since 2012, benchmarking enterprises have been participating in disaster report. Flood warning sign Public and Private Cooperation Online report platform Convenient stores gas stations Flood prevention volunteers Disaster report sites over 8,800 Voice survey by local calls Flood report 31

32 2014 Water Disaster Prevention Forum (Initiation of Corporate Participation in Water Disaster Prevention) 32

33 Since 2015, corporations has adopted voluntary communities. Establishment matching platforms and mechanism 33

34 Conclusions 34

35 Safety Happiness Security Peace 35

36 Prosperity and Peace Cross-field cooperation Collaboration between public and private sectors 36

37 Thank You for Your Attention 37